What was the most significant event on April 10 during the U.S. Civil War -2022 update?

Images:
1. Map of Frederick, TN battle in 1863;
2. Fort Pulaski, GA present day still shows effects of rifled 30 pound Parrott cannons and smooth bore columbiads;
3. columbiad smooth-bore cannon;
4. 1862-04 Shiloh posed dead confederate soldier.
1862: Rifled artillery changed the nature of sieges to accurate artillery engagement
1862: Still burying the dead of Shiloh. Three days after the Battle of Shiloh has ended, a Union Sergeant writes in his journal about the effort to clean up the battlefield: “We are still burying the dead. The lieutenant of Company F was buried today. Nearly all of the dead have been buried now, but there are some of the wounded still dying. I was detailed with two others to bury three of the rebels’ dead. We went out about a half mile north of the camp to a stony knoll where one body lay, and worked all forenoon, the ground being so hard and stony, to dig even a shallow grave into which we rolled the body and covered it the best we could. In the afternoon we dug a double grave for two who had died of mortal wounds.”
1863: near Franklin, Tennessee. Exercising initiative without orders, tactical victory then loss yields strategic victory. Brig. Gen. David S. Stanley crossed the Harpeth River with the 4th U.S. cavalry brigade at Hughes’s Ford behind the Confederate right rear. They attacked and captured Freeman’s Tennessee Battery on the Lewisburg Road but lost it when Brig. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest counterattacked. Stanley’s troopers quickly withdrew across the Big Harpeth River. This incident in his rear caused Van Dorn to cancel his operations and withdraw to Spring Hill, leaving the Federals in control of the area.
Since RallyPoint truncates survey selection text I am posting events that were not included and then the full text of each survey choice below:
A. Wednesday, April 9, 1862: Sergeant Alexander G. Downing, of the 11th Iowa Infantry, records his experience with burying the dead at Shiloh: We are still burying the dead. It rained again today. The ground is so thoroughly soaked that it is difficult to dig the graves deep enough and keep out the water. We bury our dead by companies, all of one company in one grave, and if only one of a company is killed, the body is placed in a grave by itself. The bodies of the rebels’ dead are placed side by side in long graves. The carcasses of horses are removed by burning them.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+9%2C+1862
B. Thursday, April 10, 1862: Battle of Fort Pulaski. Fort Pulaski is located near the mouth of the Savannah River, blocking upriver access to Savannah. Brig. Gen. Thomas W. Sherman ordered Captain Quincy A. Gillmore, an engineer officer, to take charge of the investment force and begin the bombardment and capture of the fort. Gillmore emplaced artillery on the mainland southeast of the fort and began the bombardment on April 10 after Colonel Charles H. Olmstead refused to surrender the fort. Within hours, Gilmore’s rifled artillery had breached the southeast scarp of the fort, and he continued to exploit it. Fortifications such as Pulaski, called third system forts, were considered invincible, but the new technology of rifled artillery changed that.
C. Friday, April 10, 1863 Franklin, Tennessee. engagement at Franklin was a reconnaissance in force by Confederate cavalry leader Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn coupled with an equally inept response by Union Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger. Van Dorn’s attack was so weak that when Granger received a false report that Brentwood, to the north, was under attack, he believed it, and sent away most of his cavalry, thinking that the Confederate general was undertaking a diversion. When the truth became known there was no threat to Brentwood Granger decided to attack Van Dorn, but he was surprised to learn that a subordinate had already done so, without orders. Brig. Gen. David S. Stanley, with a cavalry brigade, had crossed the Harpeth River at Hughes’s Ford, behind the Confederate right rear. The 4th U.S. Cavalry attacked and captured Freeman’s Tennessee Battery on the Lewisburg Road but lost it when Brig. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest counterattacked. Stanley’s troopers quickly withdrew across the Big Harpeth River. This incident in his rear caused Van Dorn to cancel his operations and withdraw to Spring Hill, leaving the Federals in control of the area.
D. Saturday, April 10, 1869 --- The U. S. Congress passes an Act authorizing the Submission of the Constitutions of Virginia, Mississippi, and Texas to a Vote of the People, and authorizing the Election of State Officers, provided by the said Constitutions, and Members of Congress. http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/1869
1. Wednesday, April 10, 1861: Braxton Bragg assumes command of the Department of Alabama and West Florida.
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186104
2. Thursday, April 10, 1862---Northern newspapers report: “President Lincoln issued a proclamation recommending the people of the United States, on the next day of worship occurring after its reception, to give thanks to Almighty God for the recent victories, and to implore spiritual consolation for those who have been brought into affliction by the casualties and calamities of sedition and civil war.”
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+10%2C+1862
3. Thursday, April 10, 1862 --- Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee: Three days after the Battle of Shiloh has ended, Sergeant Alexander G. Downing, of the 11th Iowa Infantry, writes in his journal about the effort to clean up the battlefield: We are still burying the dead. The lieutenant of Company F was buried today. Nearly all of the dead have been buried now, but there are some of the wounded still dying. I was detailed with two others to bury three of the rebels’ dead. We went out about a half mile north of the camp to a stony knoll where one body lay, and worked all forenoon, the ground being so hard and stony, to dig even a shallow grave into which we rolled the body and covered it the best we could. In the afternoon we dug a double grave for two who had died of mortal wounds.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+10%2C+1862
4. Friday, April 10, 1863 --- Gen. Joseph Wheeler’s Rebel cavalry raid key points along the railroad between Nashville and Louisville, attempting to threaten the Union supply lines.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+10%2C+1863
5. Friday, April 10, 1863 --- Having completed his inspection tour of the Army of the Potomac over the last four days, Pres. Lincoln and his party travel back to Aquia Creek, Virginia, and take a steamer back up to Washington.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+10%2C+1863
6. Friday, April 10, 1863 --- Gov. Bonham of South Carolina, alarmed at the food shortages in his own state, issues orders that grain not be used for the distillation of alcoholic beverages.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+10%2C+1863
7. Friday, April 10, 1863 --- Gen. Alfred Pleasanton, whose Federal cavalry has been probing the Confederate lines near Fredericksburg, gives a report of Confederate doings along the front in Virginia. Among other items, he includes these observations: The bread riots in Richmond were gotten up by Union men, of whom there are as many as ever. There is much suffering among the citizens in the South, but the soldiers are well supplied and are in good heart and spirits. Everybody has been conscripted. The troops have 22 ounces per day of flour, one-fourth pound of meat, with some sugar and rice occasionally. The rebel officers at Culpeper appear to think it is not the intention to hold that country if pressed, but to fight on the Rapidan and at Fredericksburg. Just what Pleasanton means by "Everyone has been conscripted" is not clear, in this context.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+10%2C+1863
8. Friday, April 10, 1863 --- There is a small but furious battle fought near Franklin, Tennessee, where Earl Van Dorn’s Confederates are beaten by Gen. Granger’s Union troops, who suffer only 100 casualties to Van Dorn’s 300.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+10%2C+1863
9. Sunday, April 10, 1864: Nathaniel Banks and Frederick Steele begin to withdraw to Grand Ecore and Little Rock respectively. Kirby Smith [CS] arrives to take command of the Confederate forces, ordering Richard Taylor to withdraw to Mansfield, effectively ending the Red River Campaign.
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186404
10. Sunday, April 10, 1864 --- Gen. Steele’s Federal column from Arkansas, on their way to join Banks, decides to turn and return to Little Rock, harassed by Rebel attacks along the way.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+10%2C+1864
11. Sunday, April 10, 1864 --- Kate Cumming, a Confederate Army nurse at Dalton, Georgia, records the activities in the Rebel camp in the emerging springtime: Sunday, April 10. — A real April day, cloud and sunshine. This morning Dr. A. preached a very interesting sermon. His text was, “Ye are my friends if ye do whatsoever I command you.” I think it is a pity that he is not a chaplain instead of a surgeon. I told him so, but he says his health will not permit it.
There is a religious revival here in which the citizens take very little interest, but the soldiers a great deal. Dr. McFerrin, a Methodist preacher, is holding it. He is a chaplain, and his very soul seems to be in the work. He is one of the most earnest preachers I ever heard. The people are very gay. Nearly every night a party is given. The gentlemen who attend them are the attaches of the hospital and the officers of the post.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+10%2C+1864
12. Saturday, April 10, 1869 --- Georgia, Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia are required to ratify the 15th amendment
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/1869
A. Wednesday, April 10, 1861: Confederate Secretary of War Leroy Pope Walker orders Pierre G.T. Beauregard to demand the evacuation of Fort Sumter, under threat of bombardment. The Sumter relief fleet begins to leave New York harbor. After cabinet debate in Montgomery, Alabama the Confederate Secretary of War ordered General Beauregard to demand the evacuation of the fort, and if that demand was refused, to "reduce it." On the afternoon of April 11, 1861 three of Beauregard's aides visited the fort under a flag of truce and presented the ultimatum.
A Wednesday, April 10, 1861 - Confederate Secretary of War Leroy Pope Walker orders Pierre G.T. Beauregard to demand the evacuation of Fort Sumter, under threat of bombardment. The Sumter relief fleet begins to leave New York harbor.
http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/chron/civilwar.html
A+ After cabinet debate in Montgomery, Alabama the Confederate Secretary of War ordered General Beauregard to demand the evacuation of the fort, and if that demand was refused, to "reduce it." On the afternoon of April 11, 1861 three of Beauregard's aides visited the fort under a flag of truce and presented the ultimatum.
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/47217/47217-8.txt
B Thursday, April 10, 1862: Coastal - BATTLE OF FT. PULASKI - With heavy guns painstakingly installed on Tybee Island, U.S. gunners begin bombardment of Ft. Pulaski, at the mouth of the Savannah River. Brig. Gen. Quincy Gillmore is in command of eleven batteries of guns, which he sited and designed. Surrender terms are sent to Col. Olmstead of the Confederate Army in the fort, but he rejects the terms. During the day, Gillmore succeeds in lofting over 3,000 shells at the fort.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+10%2C+1862
B+ Thursday, April 10, 1862: Shortly after sunrise on April 10, an officer on duty on the ramparts of Fort Pulaski reported that suspicious changes had occurred during the night on Tybee. While Olmstead and other officers watched, a small boat bearing a flag of truce set out from Tybee. It landed at Cockspur Island’s south wharf, bearing Union Lieutenant James H. Wilson with a summons for Fort Pulaski to surrender.
Olmstead sent back his reply: Sir, I acknowledge receipt of your communication demanding the unconditional surrender of Fort Pulaski. In reply, I can only say that I am here to defend this Fort, not to surrender it. The Confederates carried ammunition to their guns and prepared for action.
The first shell was fired from Tybee about 8:15 a.m., and by 9:30 all of the Union batteries were in full operation, each mortar firing at 15-minute intervals and the guns much more rapidly. Soon after the shelling from Tybee began, Pulaski’s guns opened up, first four casemate guns and then those on the barbette.
The first shots from both sides went wide of their targets but, as firing continued, both sides became more accurate. Most of the Federal mortar shells exploded in the air or fell into the mud outside the fort, but when a solid shot from a columbiad landed directly on the wall, the entire fort shook. A little after 10 o’clock, just such a solid shot entered an embrasure, dismantling the casemate gun and wounding several of the gun crew.
The firing from Tybee did more damage as the day progressed. Gillmore recalled later: By 1 o’clock in the afternoon it became evident that, unless our guns should suffer seriously from the enemy’s fire, a breach would be effected: with a glass it could be seen that the rifled projectiles were surely eating their way into the scarp of the pan-coupe and adjacent southeast face.
When the constant firing ceased for the night, after nine and a half hours’ duration, the commencement of a breach was plainly visible. It was equally manifest, to the surprise and disappointment of all experienced officers present, that the 13-inch mortars …were inefficient …. It was clear that for the reduction of Fort Pulaski we should have to depend on breaching alone. Gillmore was proving that rifled guns could destroy masonry fortifications designed to withstand artillery–for which he won extensive recognition.
From sunset until daylight, seven or eight shells an hour were thrown from Tybee onto Fort Pulaski to prevent repairs during the night, but the Confederates did succeed in repairing some of their guns. That, however, did short good, wrote one of them. Our fort was in shambles. Both sides resumed firing at daylight. Fort Pulaski’s fire was far less damaging than the Federals’–most of the guns on Tybee were masked behind sand ridges or otherwise hidden from sight.
About mid-morning, the Federals suffered their only casualty when a solid shot from Pulaski entered a gun embrasure and fatally wounded a soldier. By noon; at Fort Pulaski, there were over 20 casualties, including some men who were mortally wounded. Projectiles from the Federal rifle batteries were sweeping completely through the breach and striking the walls of the north magazine, in which was stored 40,000 pounds of black powder.
Twenty-five-year old Colonel Olmstead sadly faced the fact that the time had come for him to decide whether to fight on against overwhelming odds, endangering the lives of the entire garrison, or else admit defeat. He gave the order to surrender. The Confederate flag was lowered halfway and one final gun was fired from a casemate; then the flag was hauled on down and replaced by a white sheet. It was later determined that during the two-day battle, 5,275 shot and shell were fired against Fort Pulaski, but the walls were breached almost entirely by three guns–two 84-pounder and one 64-pounder rifles. That, said Northern military men, would revolutionize such warfare.
Olmstead met Gillmore and a party representing General Hunter at Cockspur Landing and led them to his quarters. The fort’s officers laid their weapons on a table, while the men of the garrison stacked their arms outside. After signing the articles of unconditional surrender, Olmstead said, I yield my sword, but I trust I have not disgraced it. The United States flag was then raised on the ramparts.
All the Confederate troops at Fort Pulaski were sent as prisoners to forts in New York Harbor, and Pulaski was garrisoned by Union soldiers. The Savannah River was now entirely closed to blockade-runners, and the large Federal naval force employed in the vicinity was freed for service elsewhere. Gillmore was appointed brigadier general 17 days after Fort Pulaski’s surrender.
http://www.historynet.com/capturing-fort-pulaski-during-the-american-civil-war.htm
B+ Thursday, April 10, 1862: Fort Pulaski, built by the U.S. Army before the war, is located near the mouth of the Savannah River, blocking upriver access to Savannah. Fortifications such as Pulaski, called third system forts, were considered invincible, but the new technology of rifled artillery changed that. On February 19, 1862, Brig. Gen. Thomas W. Sherman ordered Captain Quincy A. Gillmore, an engineer officer, to take charge of the investment force and begin the bombardment and capture of the fort. Gillmore emplaced artillery on the mainland southeast of the fort and began the bombardment on April 10 after Colonel Charles H. Olmstead refused to surrender the fort. Within hours, Gillmore’s rifled artillery had breached the southeast scarp of the fort, and he continued to exploit it. Some of his shells began to damage the traverse shielding the magazine in the northwest bastion. Realizing that if the magazine exploded the fort would be seriously damaged and the garrison would suffer severe casualties, Olmstead surrendered after 2:00 pm on April 11.
http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/fort-pulaski.html
C Friday, April 10, 1863 Franklin, Tennessee. engagement at Franklin was a reconnaissance in force by Confederate cavalry leader Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn coupled with an equally inept response by Union Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger. Van Dorn’s attack was so weak that when Granger received a false report that Brentwood, to the north, was under attack, he believed it, and sent away most of his cavalry, thinking that the Confederate general was undertaking a diversion. When the truth became known there was no threat to Brentwood Granger decided to attack Van Dorn, but he was surprised to learn that a subordinate had already done so, without orders. Brig. Gen. David S. Stanley, with a cavalry brigade, had crossed the Harpeth River at Hughes’s Ford, behind the Confederate right rear. The 4th U.S. Cavalry attacked and captured Freeman’s Tennessee Battery on the Lewisburg Road but lost it when Brig. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest counterattacked. Stanley’s troopers quickly withdrew across the Big Harpeth River. This incident in his rear caused Van Dorn to cancel his operations and withdraw to Spring Hill, leaving the Federals in control of the area.
Location: Williamson County; Campaign: Middle Tennessee Operations (1863)
Principal Commanders: Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger [US]; Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn [CS]
Forces Engaged: Army of Kentucky [US]; 1st Cavalry Corps, Army of Tennessee [CS]
Estimated Casualties: 237 total (US 100; CS 137)
Description: The 1863 engagement at Franklin was a reconnaissance in force by Confederate cavalry leader Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn coupled with an equally inept response by Union Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger. Van Dorn advanced northward from Spring Hill on April 10, making contact with Federal skirmishers just outside Franklin. Van Dorn’s attack was so weak that when Granger received a false report that Brentwood, to the north, was under attack, he believed it, and sent away most of his cavalry, thinking that the Confederate general was undertaking a diversion.
When the truth became known there was no threat to Brentwood Granger decided to attack Van Dorn, but he was surprised to learn that a subordinate had already done so, without orders. Brig. Gen. David S. Stanley, with a cavalry brigade, had crossed the Harpeth River at Hughes’s Ford, behind the Confederate right rear. The 4th U.S. Cavalry attacked and captured Freeman’s Tennessee Battery on the Lewisburg Road but lost it when Brig. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest counterattacked. Stanley’s troopers quickly withdrew across the Big Harpeth River. This incident in his rear caused Van Dorn to cancel his operations and withdraw to Spring Hill, leaving the Federals in control of the area.
Result(s): Union victory
http://www.civilwaracademy.com/civil-war-battles-in-tennessee.html
MAJ Dale E. Wilson, Ph.D. SGM Major Stroupe COL (Join to see) MAJ Roland McDonald MAJ Bob MiyagishimaSPC (Join to see)1stSgt Eugene HarlessMSG Andrew WhiteSGM Hilbert Christensen1SG Steven Imerman1SG Dan Capri SSG Michael Noll PO3 Edward Riddle SPC Lyle MontgomeryCPO William Glen (W.G.) Powell MSgt Gloria Vance PO3 Lynn Spalding CPT Richard Trione SPC Terry Page Cpl Samuel Pope Sr

Interesting read of Fort Pulaski 5275 shot and shell over two days. Thanks for sharing LTC Stephen F.

1861 started it all. Without that event the others would not exist.