Posted on Sep 10, 2020
Rough Wooing to Queen of France - Rough Wooing to becoming Queen of France - National 5 History...
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On September 10, 1547, the English demanded Edward VI, age 10, wed Mary Queen of Scots, age 5. At the Battle of Pinkie, Midlothian, the English defeated the Scots. From the article:
"The Rough Wooing
In 1544, Henry VIII ordered an invasion of Scotland because he wanted to bring to an end to the Auld Alliance (friendship between Scotland and France).
He was also angered that the Treaty of Greenwich (when the Scots agreed that Mary Stuart would marry Henry’s son Edward) had been rejected.
With the government of Scotland favouring France, Henry intended to force the Scots into changing their mind.
Throughout what became known as the ‘Rough Wooing’, the English attacked Edinburgh and Berwick upon Tweed where they burned down houses in the area.
The Scots eventually defeated the English at the Battle of Ancrum Moor in 1545.
Henry VIII died in January, two years later, and was succeeded by his son Edward who continued the attacks on Scotland.
At the Battle of Pinkie in September 1547, a large Scottish army was defeated by the English.
Important Scottish nobles and Catholic clergymen who had joined the Scottish army were killed, and much of southern Scotland came under English occupation.
Mary's move to France
The Scots sought help from the French, to defeat the English.
On 16 June 1548 thousands of French troops arrived at the port of Leith in Edinburgh and attacked Haddington with artillery.
The price of this French support was that on 7 July, the Scots and French signed the Treaty of Haddington. This promised that Mary Stuart would marry the Dauphin Francis - the heir to the French throne.
The Earl of Arran then persuaded the Scottish Parliament to favour a French marriage for the Queen. He was rewarded for this with a French Duchy (a piece of territory) - he became the Duke of Châtelherault.
The French fleet, which had carried the soldiers, sailed to Dumbarton. It subsequently departed to France with the young Mary and her four young attendants; Mary Seton, Mary Beaton, Mary Livingstone and Mary Fleming. These attendants were more commonly known as 'The Four Marys'.
In France, Mary was brought up in the Catholic faith. In April 1558 Mary married the Dauphin Francis. She was only 16 years old at the time of her marriage. A year later the King of France died. Francis and Mary now became King and Queen of France.
Mary also became used to French customs and language before returning to Scotland in 1561. Meanwhile, in Scotland, Mary’s mother (Mary of Guise) had become Regent in 1554.
Mary's dynastic position on the ascension of Elizabeth I of England
In 1558, Queen Mary I of England (eldest daughter of Henry VIII) died. Mary Tudor had ruled England since 1553 and had been a devout Catholic and had persecuted Protestants during her reign. About 300 Protestants who would not accept Catholic beliefs were burned to death. Mary Tudor was succeeded by her half-sister, Elizabeth I, who was Protestant.
Peter Owen-Jones describes the role of Elizabeth in the revival of Protestantism in the video below.
Many people in England questioned Elizabeth's right to become Queen and it was believed by many in Europe that Mary Stuart was the rightful heir to the throne of England.
Mary's grandfather (James IV of Scotland) had married Henry VIII of England’s sister, Margaret Tudor.
Elizabeth was the daughter of Anne Boleyn, who controversially married Henry VIII while he was still married to his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.
Therefore the Pope, and many Catholics, regarded her as illegitimate, and hence felt she could not be Queen of England.
The English Parliament allowed Elizabeth to become heir to the throne of England in 1543.
Despite this, Henry II of France announced that Mary and the Dauphin Francis were the true Queen and King of England.
In the will of Henry VIII, it had been made clear that the Stuarts (Mary, Queen of Scot’s family) should not be allowed to gain the English crown.
These unresolved issues caused tension throughout the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots."
"The Rough Wooing
In 1544, Henry VIII ordered an invasion of Scotland because he wanted to bring to an end to the Auld Alliance (friendship between Scotland and France).
He was also angered that the Treaty of Greenwich (when the Scots agreed that Mary Stuart would marry Henry’s son Edward) had been rejected.
With the government of Scotland favouring France, Henry intended to force the Scots into changing their mind.
Throughout what became known as the ‘Rough Wooing’, the English attacked Edinburgh and Berwick upon Tweed where they burned down houses in the area.
The Scots eventually defeated the English at the Battle of Ancrum Moor in 1545.
Henry VIII died in January, two years later, and was succeeded by his son Edward who continued the attacks on Scotland.
At the Battle of Pinkie in September 1547, a large Scottish army was defeated by the English.
Important Scottish nobles and Catholic clergymen who had joined the Scottish army were killed, and much of southern Scotland came under English occupation.
Mary's move to France
The Scots sought help from the French, to defeat the English.
On 16 June 1548 thousands of French troops arrived at the port of Leith in Edinburgh and attacked Haddington with artillery.
The price of this French support was that on 7 July, the Scots and French signed the Treaty of Haddington. This promised that Mary Stuart would marry the Dauphin Francis - the heir to the French throne.
The Earl of Arran then persuaded the Scottish Parliament to favour a French marriage for the Queen. He was rewarded for this with a French Duchy (a piece of territory) - he became the Duke of Châtelherault.
The French fleet, which had carried the soldiers, sailed to Dumbarton. It subsequently departed to France with the young Mary and her four young attendants; Mary Seton, Mary Beaton, Mary Livingstone and Mary Fleming. These attendants were more commonly known as 'The Four Marys'.
In France, Mary was brought up in the Catholic faith. In April 1558 Mary married the Dauphin Francis. She was only 16 years old at the time of her marriage. A year later the King of France died. Francis and Mary now became King and Queen of France.
Mary also became used to French customs and language before returning to Scotland in 1561. Meanwhile, in Scotland, Mary’s mother (Mary of Guise) had become Regent in 1554.
Mary's dynastic position on the ascension of Elizabeth I of England
In 1558, Queen Mary I of England (eldest daughter of Henry VIII) died. Mary Tudor had ruled England since 1553 and had been a devout Catholic and had persecuted Protestants during her reign. About 300 Protestants who would not accept Catholic beliefs were burned to death. Mary Tudor was succeeded by her half-sister, Elizabeth I, who was Protestant.
Peter Owen-Jones describes the role of Elizabeth in the revival of Protestantism in the video below.
Many people in England questioned Elizabeth's right to become Queen and it was believed by many in Europe that Mary Stuart was the rightful heir to the throne of England.
Mary's grandfather (James IV of Scotland) had married Henry VIII of England’s sister, Margaret Tudor.
Elizabeth was the daughter of Anne Boleyn, who controversially married Henry VIII while he was still married to his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.
Therefore the Pope, and many Catholics, regarded her as illegitimate, and hence felt she could not be Queen of England.
The English Parliament allowed Elizabeth to become heir to the throne of England in 1543.
Despite this, Henry II of France announced that Mary and the Dauphin Francis were the true Queen and King of England.
In the will of Henry VIII, it had been made clear that the Stuarts (Mary, Queen of Scot’s family) should not be allowed to gain the English crown.
These unresolved issues caused tension throughout the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots."
Rough Wooing to Queen of France - Rough Wooing to becoming Queen of France - National 5 History...
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The Tudors: Edward VI - Foreign Policy under Somerset and Northumberland - Episode 32
This video looks at the foreign policy under the reign of Edward VI. Somerset inherited a risky foreign policy from Henry VIII which involved a war with Scot...
Thank you my friend SGT (Join to see) for making us aware that September 10, 1547, the English demanded Edward VI, age 10, wed Mary Queen of Scots, age 5.
On 1 July 1543, Henry VIII signed the Treaty of Greenwich with the Scots, sealing the peace with Edward's betrothal to his seven-month-old cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots.
The Tudors: Edward VI - Foreign Policy under Somerset and Northumberland - Episode 32
the foreign policy under the reign of Edward VI. Somerset inherited a risky foreign policy from Henry VIII which involved a war with Scotland. Northumberland reversed this aggression with diplomacy with France under the Treaty of Boulogne.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wo3g3V5QcXU
Images:
1. Edward VI aged 6
2. King Edward VI (1537–1553) painted by Guillaume Scrots oil on panel located at Christ's Hospital
3. Edward VI Granting Permission to John a Lasco to Set Up a Congregation for European Protestants in London in 1550 painted by Johann Valentin Haidt
4. Mary, Queen of Scots (1542-1587) as a child, painted by John Österlund
Background from [http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/tudor_6.htm]}
Edward VI, the only legitimate son of Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour, was born at Hampton Court Palace, after a difficult and protracted labour, on 12th October, 1537.
Edward's christening in the chapel royal at Hampton Court, was a long and elaborate ceremony followed by a grand reception for the nearly four hundred guests. His arrival on the Vigil of St. Edward the Confessor decided the Prince's name and his elder sister, the Lady Mary, stood as the child's godmother, his other sister, the four year old Lady Elizabeth also took part, carrying the chrisom. His mother Queen Jane Seymour also participated although she had to be carried into the chapel on a portable bed.
Edward was never to know his mother, Jane Seymour contracted puerperal fever (or childbed fever) an infection of the uterus following childbirth and died twelve days later, on October 24th. Henry VIII is reported to have mourned the loss of his third wife sincerely, she was accorded a magnificent state funeral at which the Lady Mary, Henry's elder daughter who Jane had done much to reconcile with her father, acted as a chief mourner. Queen Jane was interred at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.
Edward was appointed a nurse, Mother Jack, to care for him, at four years old he contracted a quartan fever, the effects of which gripped him for months, but he eventually made a recovery. Despite of occasional illnesses and poor eyesight, he enjoyed generally good health and was described as a tall and merry child. Edward was initially placed in the care of Margaret Bryan, and at the age of six the young Prince was appointed his first tutor. He grew to be extremely fond of his last step mother, Catherine Parr, who took a lively interest in all of her husband's children from his previous marriages and provided a home life for them, which had been conspicuously lacking in Edward's life prior to her arrival.
The future Edward VI was a precocious and highly intelligent child, he was sparely built, but in most of his surviving portraits adopts the stance of his formidable father. Edward had the red hair of the Tudors and had one shoulder somewhat higher than the other, possibly a result of his difficult delivery. He quickly became proficient in Latin, Greek and French. Like all the Tudors, he was fond of music and played the lute.
On 1 July 1543, Henry VIII signed the Treaty of Greenwich with the Scots, sealing the peace with Edward's betrothal to his seven-month-old cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots. The Scots were in a weak bargaining position after their defeat at Solway Moss the previous November, and Henry, seeking to unite the two realms, stipulated that Mary be handed over to him to be brought up in England. When the Scots repudiated the treaty in December 1543 and renewed their alliance with France, Henry was furious. In April 1544, he ordered Edward's uncle, Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, to invade Scotland and "put all to fire and sword, burn Edinburgh town, so razed and defaced when you have sacked and gotten what ye can of it, as there may remain forever a perpetual memory of the vengeance of God lightened upon (them) for their falsehood and disloyalty". Edward Seymour responded with the most savage campaign ever launched by the English against the Scots. The war, which continued into Edward's reign, has become known as "The Rough Wooing".
Somerset, in common with his young nephew, was an ardent Protestant. The use of English was enforced in church services by the introduction of the Book of Common Prayer. The heresy laws of Henry VIII were repealed. In Cornwall, these changes produced simmering ill feeling, which boiled into rebellion, the uprising was put down with severity.
Somerset lead an army into Scotland and defeated the Scots at the battle of Pinkie Cleugh on 10th September, 1547. A further expedition was launched, burning and plundering all before it in the hope of forcing the Scots to hand over Mary, this "rough wooing" had an adverse effect on English marriage plans, the six year old Queen of Scots was smuggled out of the country to France, where in August, 1548, she was married to the Dauphin Francis, son of King Henry II of France.
The young King himself seems to have been a bigoted Protestant who was intensely interested in theology. He complained that his uncle, the Protector, kept him short of money. Edward's other maternal uncle, Thomas Seymour, the Lord Admiral, an ambitious and reckless man who had married Edward's step-mother, Catherine Parr, with unseemly haste after the death of Henry VIII, plotted to gain power with his nephew and Somerset was forced to send his brother to the block on a charge of high treason.
The Duke of Somerset was ousted from office in 1549 by John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, who became Duke of Northumberland in 1551. Somerset followed his brother to the block on a charge of treason, the young Edward noted coldly in his diary- "the duke of Somerset had his head cut off upon Tower Hill between eight and nine o'clock in the morning". Northumberland ingratiated himself with the impressionable young King and acquired a dominating influence over him.
The highly religious Edward strongly disapproved of his elder sister Mary's ardent Catholicism. At the age of ten, he had written to their step-mother, Catherine Parr, urging her to influence Mary to give up foreign dances and merriments, which "did not become a Christian princess" When summoned to London to answer for her transgressions in continuing attendance at the Catholic mass, she told Edward that she would sooner he took away her life than her religion, he indignantly replied with irritation that he "required no such sacrifice." Mary responded by lecturing the King in front of his council "Riper age and experience will teach Your Majesty much more yet," Edward, embarrassed, responded sharply " You also may have somewhat to learn, none are too old for that."
Mary was summoned to appear before the council again on the matter of her attendance at mass and entered London with a large retinue of retainers. Her powerful maternal cousin, Charles V, King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor, threatened war on England in support of Mary. In the ensuing debate with his council, Edward, who adopted a defiant attitude to the Emperor's threats, was humiliatingly overruled, for which he shed bitter tears. Mary's victory was fated not to last, the French alliance was strengthened, after which the council proceeded to move against her. She and her household were deprived of the mass but defiantly continued to practice it in secret.
The Death of Edward VI
King Edward fell ill in April 1552, of a combination of measles and smallpox. Later in the year he began to exhibit signs of tuberculosis, or consumption as it was known at the time. By June it was obvious that the King was unlikely to survive. It is now known that the measles virus supresses host immunity to tuberculosis. The unscrupulous Northumberland, fearing for his own political survival under Edward's successor, the fanatically Catholic Mary, influenced the impressionable young King to disinherit both his sisters in favour of his cousin Lady Jane Grey."
FYI COL Mikel J. Burroughs Lt Col Charlie Brown Maj William W. 'Bill' Price MAJ Dale E. Wilson, Ph.D. Maj Robert Thornton Maj Marty Hogan SMSgt Lawrence McCarter MSG Felipe De Leon Brown PO2 (Join to see) MSgt Robert "Rock" Aldi] SGT Robert Pryor SSG Stephen Rogerson SSG Robert Mark Odom SPC Nancy GreenePO3 Lynn Spalding SFC Bernard WalkoMaj Wayne CristSGT Robert Pryor
On 1 July 1543, Henry VIII signed the Treaty of Greenwich with the Scots, sealing the peace with Edward's betrothal to his seven-month-old cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots.
The Tudors: Edward VI - Foreign Policy under Somerset and Northumberland - Episode 32
the foreign policy under the reign of Edward VI. Somerset inherited a risky foreign policy from Henry VIII which involved a war with Scotland. Northumberland reversed this aggression with diplomacy with France under the Treaty of Boulogne.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wo3g3V5QcXU
Images:
1. Edward VI aged 6
2. King Edward VI (1537–1553) painted by Guillaume Scrots oil on panel located at Christ's Hospital
3. Edward VI Granting Permission to John a Lasco to Set Up a Congregation for European Protestants in London in 1550 painted by Johann Valentin Haidt
4. Mary, Queen of Scots (1542-1587) as a child, painted by John Österlund
Background from [http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/tudor_6.htm]}
Edward VI, the only legitimate son of Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour, was born at Hampton Court Palace, after a difficult and protracted labour, on 12th October, 1537.
Edward's christening in the chapel royal at Hampton Court, was a long and elaborate ceremony followed by a grand reception for the nearly four hundred guests. His arrival on the Vigil of St. Edward the Confessor decided the Prince's name and his elder sister, the Lady Mary, stood as the child's godmother, his other sister, the four year old Lady Elizabeth also took part, carrying the chrisom. His mother Queen Jane Seymour also participated although she had to be carried into the chapel on a portable bed.
Edward was never to know his mother, Jane Seymour contracted puerperal fever (or childbed fever) an infection of the uterus following childbirth and died twelve days later, on October 24th. Henry VIII is reported to have mourned the loss of his third wife sincerely, she was accorded a magnificent state funeral at which the Lady Mary, Henry's elder daughter who Jane had done much to reconcile with her father, acted as a chief mourner. Queen Jane was interred at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.
Edward was appointed a nurse, Mother Jack, to care for him, at four years old he contracted a quartan fever, the effects of which gripped him for months, but he eventually made a recovery. Despite of occasional illnesses and poor eyesight, he enjoyed generally good health and was described as a tall and merry child. Edward was initially placed in the care of Margaret Bryan, and at the age of six the young Prince was appointed his first tutor. He grew to be extremely fond of his last step mother, Catherine Parr, who took a lively interest in all of her husband's children from his previous marriages and provided a home life for them, which had been conspicuously lacking in Edward's life prior to her arrival.
The future Edward VI was a precocious and highly intelligent child, he was sparely built, but in most of his surviving portraits adopts the stance of his formidable father. Edward had the red hair of the Tudors and had one shoulder somewhat higher than the other, possibly a result of his difficult delivery. He quickly became proficient in Latin, Greek and French. Like all the Tudors, he was fond of music and played the lute.
On 1 July 1543, Henry VIII signed the Treaty of Greenwich with the Scots, sealing the peace with Edward's betrothal to his seven-month-old cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots. The Scots were in a weak bargaining position after their defeat at Solway Moss the previous November, and Henry, seeking to unite the two realms, stipulated that Mary be handed over to him to be brought up in England. When the Scots repudiated the treaty in December 1543 and renewed their alliance with France, Henry was furious. In April 1544, he ordered Edward's uncle, Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, to invade Scotland and "put all to fire and sword, burn Edinburgh town, so razed and defaced when you have sacked and gotten what ye can of it, as there may remain forever a perpetual memory of the vengeance of God lightened upon (them) for their falsehood and disloyalty". Edward Seymour responded with the most savage campaign ever launched by the English against the Scots. The war, which continued into Edward's reign, has become known as "The Rough Wooing".
Somerset, in common with his young nephew, was an ardent Protestant. The use of English was enforced in church services by the introduction of the Book of Common Prayer. The heresy laws of Henry VIII were repealed. In Cornwall, these changes produced simmering ill feeling, which boiled into rebellion, the uprising was put down with severity.
Somerset lead an army into Scotland and defeated the Scots at the battle of Pinkie Cleugh on 10th September, 1547. A further expedition was launched, burning and plundering all before it in the hope of forcing the Scots to hand over Mary, this "rough wooing" had an adverse effect on English marriage plans, the six year old Queen of Scots was smuggled out of the country to France, where in August, 1548, she was married to the Dauphin Francis, son of King Henry II of France.
The young King himself seems to have been a bigoted Protestant who was intensely interested in theology. He complained that his uncle, the Protector, kept him short of money. Edward's other maternal uncle, Thomas Seymour, the Lord Admiral, an ambitious and reckless man who had married Edward's step-mother, Catherine Parr, with unseemly haste after the death of Henry VIII, plotted to gain power with his nephew and Somerset was forced to send his brother to the block on a charge of high treason.
The Duke of Somerset was ousted from office in 1549 by John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, who became Duke of Northumberland in 1551. Somerset followed his brother to the block on a charge of treason, the young Edward noted coldly in his diary- "the duke of Somerset had his head cut off upon Tower Hill between eight and nine o'clock in the morning". Northumberland ingratiated himself with the impressionable young King and acquired a dominating influence over him.
The highly religious Edward strongly disapproved of his elder sister Mary's ardent Catholicism. At the age of ten, he had written to their step-mother, Catherine Parr, urging her to influence Mary to give up foreign dances and merriments, which "did not become a Christian princess" When summoned to London to answer for her transgressions in continuing attendance at the Catholic mass, she told Edward that she would sooner he took away her life than her religion, he indignantly replied with irritation that he "required no such sacrifice." Mary responded by lecturing the King in front of his council "Riper age and experience will teach Your Majesty much more yet," Edward, embarrassed, responded sharply " You also may have somewhat to learn, none are too old for that."
Mary was summoned to appear before the council again on the matter of her attendance at mass and entered London with a large retinue of retainers. Her powerful maternal cousin, Charles V, King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor, threatened war on England in support of Mary. In the ensuing debate with his council, Edward, who adopted a defiant attitude to the Emperor's threats, was humiliatingly overruled, for which he shed bitter tears. Mary's victory was fated not to last, the French alliance was strengthened, after which the council proceeded to move against her. She and her household were deprived of the mass but defiantly continued to practice it in secret.
The Death of Edward VI
King Edward fell ill in April 1552, of a combination of measles and smallpox. Later in the year he began to exhibit signs of tuberculosis, or consumption as it was known at the time. By June it was obvious that the King was unlikely to survive. It is now known that the measles virus supresses host immunity to tuberculosis. The unscrupulous Northumberland, fearing for his own political survival under Edward's successor, the fanatically Catholic Mary, influenced the impressionable young King to disinherit both his sisters in favour of his cousin Lady Jane Grey."
FYI COL Mikel J. Burroughs Lt Col Charlie Brown Maj William W. 'Bill' Price MAJ Dale E. Wilson, Ph.D. Maj Robert Thornton Maj Marty Hogan SMSgt Lawrence McCarter MSG Felipe De Leon Brown PO2 (Join to see) MSgt Robert "Rock" Aldi] SGT Robert Pryor SSG Stephen Rogerson SSG Robert Mark Odom SPC Nancy GreenePO3 Lynn Spalding SFC Bernard WalkoMaj Wayne CristSGT Robert Pryor
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GySgt Thomas Vick
I love this kind of history, it really shows how the world has been shaped and evolved.
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LTC Stephen F.
July 1 - An interesting marriage agreement and rough wooing
On this day in Tudor history, 1st July 1543, in the reign of King Henry VIII, the Treaties of Greenwich were signed. These treaties were between the kingdoms...
An interesting marriage agreement and rough wooing
On this day in Tudor history, 1st July 1543, in the reign of King Henry VIII, the Treaties of Greenwich were signed.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Xmp5ar3MkU
Images:
1. Mary and her first husband, Dauphin Francois, future king of France.
2. Mary, Queen of Scots as an infant
3. The abdication of Mary Queen of Scots in 1568
4. Mary with her son, later James I
Background from {[historic-uk.com biography of Mary, Queen of Scots]}
Biography of Mary Queen of Scots by Ellen Castelow
Mary, Queen of Scots is perhaps the best known figure in Scotland’s royal history. Her life provided tragedy and romance, more dramatic than any legend.
She was born in 1542 a week before her father, King James V of Scotland, died prematurely.
It was initially arranged for Mary to marry the English King Henry VIII’s son Prince Edward; however the Scots refused to ratify the agreement. None too pleased by this, Henry sought to change their mind through a show of force, a war between Scotland and England… the so called ‘Rough Wooing’. In the middle of this, Mary was sent to France in 1548 to be the bride of the Dauphin, the young French prince, in order to secure a Catholic alliance against Protestant England. In 1561, after the Dauphin, still in his teens, died, Mary reluctantly returned to Scotland, a young and beautiful widow.
Scotland at this time was in the throes of the Reformation and a widening Protestant – Catholic split. A Protestant husband for Mary seemed the best chance for stability. Mary fell passionately in love with Henry, Lord Darnley, but it was not a success. Darnley was a weak man and soon became a drunkard as Mary ruled entirely alone and gave him no real authority in the country.
Darnley became jealous of Mary’s secretary and favourite, David Riccio. He, together with others, murdered Riccio in front of Mary in Holyrood House. She was six months pregnant at the time.
Her son, the future King James VI of Scotland and I of England, was baptised in the Catholic faith in Stirling Castle. This caused alarm amongst the Protestants.
Lord Darnley, Mary’s husband, later died in mysterious circumstances in Edinburgh, when the house he was lodging in was blown up one night in February 1567. His body was found in the garden of the house after the explosion, but he had been strangled!
Mary had now become attracted to James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, and rumours abounded at Court that she was pregnant by him. Bothwell was accused of Darnley’s murder but was found not guilty. Shortly after he was acquitted, Mary and Bothwell were married. The Lords of Congregation did not approve of Mary’s liaison with Bothwell and she was imprisoned in Leven Castle where she gave birth to still-born twins.
Bothwell meanwhile had bid Mary goodbye and fled to Dunbar. She never saw him again. He died in Denmark, insane, in 1578.
In May 1568 Mary escaped from Leven Castle. She gathered together a small army but was defeated at Langside by the Protestant faction. Mary then fled to England.
In England she became a political pawn in the hands of Queen Elizabeth I and was imprisoned for 19 years in various castles in England. Mary was found to be plotting against Elizabeth; letters in code, from her to others, were found and she was deemed guilty of treason.
She was taken to Fotheringhay Castle and executed in 1587. It is said that after her execution, when the executioner raised the head for the crowd to see, it fell and he was left holding only Mary’s wig. Mary was intially buried at nearby Peterborough Cathedral.
Mary’s son became James I of England and VI of Scotland after Elizabeth’s death in 1603. Although James would have had no personal memories of his mother, in 1612 he had Mary’s body exhumed from Peterborough and reburied in a place of honour at Westminster Abbey. At the same time he rehoused Queen Elizabeth to a rather less prominent tomb nearby.
FYI SPC Michael Oles SR SSgt Marian MitchellSSG Jeffrey LeakeCSM Bruce TregoPFC (Join to see)SP5 Dennis LobergerSGT Michael Hearn1619267:SPC Michael Duricko-phd]SGM Gerald FifePO3 Phyllis MaynardSFC (Join to see)SSG Franklin BriantSSG Pete FishGySgt Gary Cordeiro1stsgt Glenn BrackinMSG Felipe De Leon BrownSGM Bill Frazer Cpl (Join to see)TSgt George RodriguezCSM (Join to see)
[
On this day in Tudor history, 1st July 1543, in the reign of King Henry VIII, the Treaties of Greenwich were signed.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Xmp5ar3MkU
Images:
1. Mary and her first husband, Dauphin Francois, future king of France.
2. Mary, Queen of Scots as an infant
3. The abdication of Mary Queen of Scots in 1568
4. Mary with her son, later James I
Background from {[historic-uk.com biography of Mary, Queen of Scots]}
Biography of Mary Queen of Scots by Ellen Castelow
Mary, Queen of Scots is perhaps the best known figure in Scotland’s royal history. Her life provided tragedy and romance, more dramatic than any legend.
She was born in 1542 a week before her father, King James V of Scotland, died prematurely.
It was initially arranged for Mary to marry the English King Henry VIII’s son Prince Edward; however the Scots refused to ratify the agreement. None too pleased by this, Henry sought to change their mind through a show of force, a war between Scotland and England… the so called ‘Rough Wooing’. In the middle of this, Mary was sent to France in 1548 to be the bride of the Dauphin, the young French prince, in order to secure a Catholic alliance against Protestant England. In 1561, after the Dauphin, still in his teens, died, Mary reluctantly returned to Scotland, a young and beautiful widow.
Scotland at this time was in the throes of the Reformation and a widening Protestant – Catholic split. A Protestant husband for Mary seemed the best chance for stability. Mary fell passionately in love with Henry, Lord Darnley, but it was not a success. Darnley was a weak man and soon became a drunkard as Mary ruled entirely alone and gave him no real authority in the country.
Darnley became jealous of Mary’s secretary and favourite, David Riccio. He, together with others, murdered Riccio in front of Mary in Holyrood House. She was six months pregnant at the time.
Her son, the future King James VI of Scotland and I of England, was baptised in the Catholic faith in Stirling Castle. This caused alarm amongst the Protestants.
Lord Darnley, Mary’s husband, later died in mysterious circumstances in Edinburgh, when the house he was lodging in was blown up one night in February 1567. His body was found in the garden of the house after the explosion, but he had been strangled!
Mary had now become attracted to James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, and rumours abounded at Court that she was pregnant by him. Bothwell was accused of Darnley’s murder but was found not guilty. Shortly after he was acquitted, Mary and Bothwell were married. The Lords of Congregation did not approve of Mary’s liaison with Bothwell and she was imprisoned in Leven Castle where she gave birth to still-born twins.
Bothwell meanwhile had bid Mary goodbye and fled to Dunbar. She never saw him again. He died in Denmark, insane, in 1578.
In May 1568 Mary escaped from Leven Castle. She gathered together a small army but was defeated at Langside by the Protestant faction. Mary then fled to England.
In England she became a political pawn in the hands of Queen Elizabeth I and was imprisoned for 19 years in various castles in England. Mary was found to be plotting against Elizabeth; letters in code, from her to others, were found and she was deemed guilty of treason.
She was taken to Fotheringhay Castle and executed in 1587. It is said that after her execution, when the executioner raised the head for the crowd to see, it fell and he was left holding only Mary’s wig. Mary was intially buried at nearby Peterborough Cathedral.
Mary’s son became James I of England and VI of Scotland after Elizabeth’s death in 1603. Although James would have had no personal memories of his mother, in 1612 he had Mary’s body exhumed from Peterborough and reburied in a place of honour at Westminster Abbey. At the same time he rehoused Queen Elizabeth to a rather less prominent tomb nearby.
FYI SPC Michael Oles SR SSgt Marian MitchellSSG Jeffrey LeakeCSM Bruce TregoPFC (Join to see)SP5 Dennis LobergerSGT Michael Hearn1619267:SPC Michael Duricko-phd]SGM Gerald FifePO3 Phyllis MaynardSFC (Join to see)SSG Franklin BriantSSG Pete FishGySgt Gary Cordeiro1stsgt Glenn BrackinMSG Felipe De Leon BrownSGM Bill Frazer Cpl (Join to see)TSgt George RodriguezCSM (Join to see)
[
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1
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