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On May 16, 1920, Joan of Arc (Jeanne D'arc) was canonized a saint. From the article:
"Canonization of Jeanne d’Arc
She remains the only figure in history ever to be both condemned and canonized by the Catholic Church
Canonization
Beatified 11 April 1909 by Pope Saint Pius X. – Canonized 16 May 1920 by Pope Benedict XV
Saint Jeanne d’Arc, The Maid of Orleans is a recognized Saint of the Roman Catholic Church. Although she was excommunicated and burned at the stake for heresy by local officials in 1431, central Church officials would later nullify her excommunication, declaring her a martyr unjustly executed for a secular vendetta. Her legend would grow from there, leading to her beatification in 1909 and her canonization in 1920.
Course to sainthood
Death and 15th century
Cathédrale Sainte-Croix d’Orléans
As with other saints who were excommunicated or investigated by ecclesiastic courts, such as St. Athanasius, St. Theresa of Avila and St. John of the Cross, Jeanne d’Arc was put on trial by an Inquisitorial court. In Jeanne’s case, the court was controlled by the English government in occupied northern France, leading to her burning at the stake at Rouen. When the French regained Rouen in 1449, a series of investigations were launched which led to a formal appeal run by the Inquisitor-General in 1455. She was declared innocent on July 7, 1456. The Inquisitor’s summary of evidence for the case describes her as a martyr who had been executed by a court which was itself in violation of the Church’s rules.She had always been considered innocent by those of her own faction. The city of Orléans commemorated her death each year beginning in 1432, and from 1435 onward performed a religious play centered around her victories. The play represented her as a divinely sent saviour guided by angels.
In 1452, during one of the postwar investigations into her execution, Cardinal d’Estouteville declared that this religious play would merit qualification as a pilgrimage site by which attendees could gain an indulgence. Not long after the appeal, Pope Pius II wrote an approving piece about her in his memoirs.
16th century
During the 16th century, Jeanne d’Arc was utilized as a symbol of the Catholic League, a group organized to fight against Protestantism during the Wars of Religion of that era.
19th century to present
Paradoxically, it was the publication of works by secular historians in the mid-19th century which seems to have sparked widespread public efforts to ask the Church to officially canonize her. Félix Dupanloup, Bishop of Orléans from 1849 to 1878, led the efforts which culminated in Jeanne d’Arc’s beatification in 1909, held in Notre Dame de Paris. During the subsequent fighting in France during World War I, Allied troops carried her image into battle with them. During one battle, French troops interpreted a German searchlight image projected onto low-lying clouds as an appearance by Jeanne, which greatly bolstered their morale.
Her canonization came on 16 May 1920. Over 30,000 people attended the ceremony in Rome, including 140 descendants of Jeanne d’Arc’s family. Pope Benedict XV presided over the rite, for which the interior of St. Peter’s Basilica was richly decorated (Associated Press, 16 May 1920).
Her beatification approximately coincided with the French invention of the Janvier transfer engraving machine (also called a die engraving pantograph) which facilitates the creation of minted coins and commemorative medallions. This invention, together with the already well-established French sculptural tradition, added another element to Saint Jeanne’s beatification: a series of well-made religious art medals featuring Saint Jeanne d’Arc with scenes from her life.
Her feast day is 30 May. Although changes to the Church-wide calendar in 1968 moved many medieval European saints’ days off the general calendar in order to make room for more non-Europeans, her feast day is still celebrated on many local and regional Church calendars, especially in France. Many Catholic churches around the globe have been named after her in the decades since her canonization.
She has become especially popular among Traditional Catholics, particularly in France – both because of her obvious connection to this country as well as the fact that the Traditional Catholic movement is strongest in France. This branch of Catholicism, which has refused to accept the changes made by the Second Vatican Council, has compared the 1988 excommunication of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre (one of the founders of the Traditional Catholic movement) to Jeanne d’Arc’s excommunication by a corrupt pro-English Bishop in 1431. Traditional Catholic parishes sometimes perform plays in Jeanne d’Arc’s honor.
Glory of the Universal Church
Jeanne was canonized with great festivity on May 16, 1920, in Saint Peter’s Basilica, finally restoring her reputation among the faithful. That same year, the French government officially made May 8 a national holiday. Her celebrated feast day is May 30, the day of her death.
Whether one is Catholic or not, Saint Jeanne d’Arc serves as an example of a holy soul who conformed herself to God’s will. She was then given all necessary means to accomplish the tremendous tasks appointed to her. In the words of Pope Pius X, “Jeanne has shone like a new star destined to be the glory not only of France but of the Universal Church as well.”
English Translation of the Canonization of Saint Jeanne d’Arc
Pius XI, Pope, for perpetual memory
The Roman Pontiffs Our predecessors have always, over the centuries, loaded with special marks of their paternal affection France, justly called the eldest daughter of the Church. Our predecessor of blessed memory, Pope Benedict XV, who was deeply committed to the spiritual welfare of France, was thought give to this nation, noble of all, a pledge special benevolence.
Indeed, when recently, Our Venerable Brothers the cardinals, archbishops and bishops of France, by unanimous consent, had sent him by Our Venerable Brother Stanislas Touchet, bishop of Orleans, ardent and fervent supplications to that deign proclaim principal patron of the French nation received the Blessed Virgin Mary into heaven, and second celestial patron Saint Jeanne, Maid of Orleans, Our predecessor was of the opinion to respond sympathetically to such requests pious. Prevented by death, he could not carry out the plan he had conceived. But we, who have just been elevated by divine grace to the Chair of the Sublime Prince of the Apostles, he is sweet and pleasant We fulfill the wish of our predecessor and greatly missed by our supreme authority to declare what may become for France a good cause, prosperity and happiness.
Certainly, as an old saying that the kingdom of France was called the kingdom of Mary, and rightly so. For since the first centuries of the Church until our time, and Eucher Irenaeus of Lyon, Hilary of Poitiers, Anselm, who, in France, went to England as Archbishop Bernard of Clairvaux, Francis de Sales, and number of other holy doctors, celebrated Mary and helped promote and extend across France the cult of the Virgin Mother of God. In Paris, the famous Sorbonne University, it is historically proven that from the thirteenth century was proclaimed the Virgin conceived without sin.
Even the sacred monuments attest to how bright the old people’s devotion towards the Virgin: Thirty-four churches cathedrals have the title of the Virgin Mother of God, among which we like to remember him as the most famous ones amounting to Reims, Paris, Amiens, Chartres, Coutances and Rouen. The huge crowds of faithful rushing to further each year, even in our time, the Shrine of Mary, clearly demonstrates what can the people of piety towards the Mother of God several times a year and the Basilica of Lourdes, so vast that it is apparently unable to contain the huge crowds of pilgrims.
The Madonna in person, Treasurer God of all grace, seemed, by repeated appearances, approve and confirm the devotion of the French nation.
Moreover, the principal and heads of the nation have long been proud to claim and defend its devotion to the Virgin.
Converted to the true faith of Christ, Clovis hastened, on the ruins of a temple druid lay the foundations of the Church of Our Lady, a completion Childebert his son.
Several temples are dedicated to Mary by Charlemagne. The Dukes of Normandy proclaim Mary Queen of the nation. The Saint Louis devoutly recite daily the Office of the Virgin. Louis XI, for the fulfillment of a vow, builds a temple to Clery at Notre Dame. Finally, Louis XIII establishes the kingdom of France to Mary and ordered that every year the Feast of the Assumption of the Virgin is celebrated in all dioceses of France solemn functions and solemn these pumps, we are aware they continue to occur each year.
Regarding the Maid of Orleans that Our predecessor elevated to the supreme honor of the saints, nobody can question whether under the auspices of the Virgin that she has received and fulfilled the mission of saving France, for First, it is under the patronage of Our Lady of Bermont, then under that of the Virgin of Orleans, and finally the Virgin of Reims, she undertook a manly heart so much work, that She remained fearless in the face with swords unsheathed and spotless in the midst of the license camps, she freed his country from the supreme peril and restored the fortunes of France. After having received the advice of his heavenly voice she added on her glorious banner of the name Mary of Jesus, the true King of France. Mounted on the stake, it is whispering in flames in a final scream, the names of Jesus and Mary, she flew to heaven. So, having experienced the obvious relief of the Maid of Orleans, that France receives the favor of the second heavenly patron: it demanding that the clergy and people, which was already better in our predecessor and we are pleased to Ourselves.
Therefore, after taking the advice of our venerable brothers the cardinals of the Holy Roman Church attendants Rites motu proprio, With certain knowledge and after careful deliberation, in the fullness of our apostolic power, by force of the present and in perpetuity, We declare and confirm that the Virgin Mary Mother of God under the title of her Assumption into heaven, has been regularly chosen as the principal patron of all France with God, with all the privileges and honors that include the noble title and dignity.
Furthermore, listening to the wishes of pressing bishops, clergy and faithful of the dioceses and missions of France, we declare with the greatest joy and establish the illustrious Maid of Orleans, especially admired and revered by all Catholics France as the heroine of religion and the homeland, St. Jeanne d’Arc, virgin, secondary patroness of France, selected by the full vote of the people, and it even after our supreme apostolic authority, also granting all the honors and privileges under the law includes this as a second patron.
Accordingly, we pray God, the author of any property that, by the intercession of two celestial patrons, the Mother of God assumed into Heaven and St. Jeanne d’Arc, virgin, and other patron saints of places and holders churches, dioceses that both missions, Catholic France, hopes strained towards true liberty and its ancient dignity, is really the first-born daughter of the Roman Church, it warms, guard, developed by thinking, action, love, its ancient and glorious traditions for the good of religion and the homeland.
We grant these privileges, determining that these letters are still firm and remain valid and effective, that they obtain and retain their full force and effect, both now and in the future for the entire French nation, the pledge broader relief heavenly way it should be judged definitively, and that is now held vain and void for future development which would adversely affect these decisions, because of any authority either knowingly or unknowingly. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary.
Given at Rome, at St. Peter, under the seal of the Fisherman, the 2nd of March of 1922, the first of Our Pontificate years."
"Canonization of Jeanne d’Arc
She remains the only figure in history ever to be both condemned and canonized by the Catholic Church
Canonization
Beatified 11 April 1909 by Pope Saint Pius X. – Canonized 16 May 1920 by Pope Benedict XV
Saint Jeanne d’Arc, The Maid of Orleans is a recognized Saint of the Roman Catholic Church. Although she was excommunicated and burned at the stake for heresy by local officials in 1431, central Church officials would later nullify her excommunication, declaring her a martyr unjustly executed for a secular vendetta. Her legend would grow from there, leading to her beatification in 1909 and her canonization in 1920.
Course to sainthood
Death and 15th century
Cathédrale Sainte-Croix d’Orléans
As with other saints who were excommunicated or investigated by ecclesiastic courts, such as St. Athanasius, St. Theresa of Avila and St. John of the Cross, Jeanne d’Arc was put on trial by an Inquisitorial court. In Jeanne’s case, the court was controlled by the English government in occupied northern France, leading to her burning at the stake at Rouen. When the French regained Rouen in 1449, a series of investigations were launched which led to a formal appeal run by the Inquisitor-General in 1455. She was declared innocent on July 7, 1456. The Inquisitor’s summary of evidence for the case describes her as a martyr who had been executed by a court which was itself in violation of the Church’s rules.She had always been considered innocent by those of her own faction. The city of Orléans commemorated her death each year beginning in 1432, and from 1435 onward performed a religious play centered around her victories. The play represented her as a divinely sent saviour guided by angels.
In 1452, during one of the postwar investigations into her execution, Cardinal d’Estouteville declared that this religious play would merit qualification as a pilgrimage site by which attendees could gain an indulgence. Not long after the appeal, Pope Pius II wrote an approving piece about her in his memoirs.
16th century
During the 16th century, Jeanne d’Arc was utilized as a symbol of the Catholic League, a group organized to fight against Protestantism during the Wars of Religion of that era.
19th century to present
Paradoxically, it was the publication of works by secular historians in the mid-19th century which seems to have sparked widespread public efforts to ask the Church to officially canonize her. Félix Dupanloup, Bishop of Orléans from 1849 to 1878, led the efforts which culminated in Jeanne d’Arc’s beatification in 1909, held in Notre Dame de Paris. During the subsequent fighting in France during World War I, Allied troops carried her image into battle with them. During one battle, French troops interpreted a German searchlight image projected onto low-lying clouds as an appearance by Jeanne, which greatly bolstered their morale.
Her canonization came on 16 May 1920. Over 30,000 people attended the ceremony in Rome, including 140 descendants of Jeanne d’Arc’s family. Pope Benedict XV presided over the rite, for which the interior of St. Peter’s Basilica was richly decorated (Associated Press, 16 May 1920).
Her beatification approximately coincided with the French invention of the Janvier transfer engraving machine (also called a die engraving pantograph) which facilitates the creation of minted coins and commemorative medallions. This invention, together with the already well-established French sculptural tradition, added another element to Saint Jeanne’s beatification: a series of well-made religious art medals featuring Saint Jeanne d’Arc with scenes from her life.
Her feast day is 30 May. Although changes to the Church-wide calendar in 1968 moved many medieval European saints’ days off the general calendar in order to make room for more non-Europeans, her feast day is still celebrated on many local and regional Church calendars, especially in France. Many Catholic churches around the globe have been named after her in the decades since her canonization.
She has become especially popular among Traditional Catholics, particularly in France – both because of her obvious connection to this country as well as the fact that the Traditional Catholic movement is strongest in France. This branch of Catholicism, which has refused to accept the changes made by the Second Vatican Council, has compared the 1988 excommunication of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre (one of the founders of the Traditional Catholic movement) to Jeanne d’Arc’s excommunication by a corrupt pro-English Bishop in 1431. Traditional Catholic parishes sometimes perform plays in Jeanne d’Arc’s honor.
Glory of the Universal Church
Jeanne was canonized with great festivity on May 16, 1920, in Saint Peter’s Basilica, finally restoring her reputation among the faithful. That same year, the French government officially made May 8 a national holiday. Her celebrated feast day is May 30, the day of her death.
Whether one is Catholic or not, Saint Jeanne d’Arc serves as an example of a holy soul who conformed herself to God’s will. She was then given all necessary means to accomplish the tremendous tasks appointed to her. In the words of Pope Pius X, “Jeanne has shone like a new star destined to be the glory not only of France but of the Universal Church as well.”
English Translation of the Canonization of Saint Jeanne d’Arc
Pius XI, Pope, for perpetual memory
The Roman Pontiffs Our predecessors have always, over the centuries, loaded with special marks of their paternal affection France, justly called the eldest daughter of the Church. Our predecessor of blessed memory, Pope Benedict XV, who was deeply committed to the spiritual welfare of France, was thought give to this nation, noble of all, a pledge special benevolence.
Indeed, when recently, Our Venerable Brothers the cardinals, archbishops and bishops of France, by unanimous consent, had sent him by Our Venerable Brother Stanislas Touchet, bishop of Orleans, ardent and fervent supplications to that deign proclaim principal patron of the French nation received the Blessed Virgin Mary into heaven, and second celestial patron Saint Jeanne, Maid of Orleans, Our predecessor was of the opinion to respond sympathetically to such requests pious. Prevented by death, he could not carry out the plan he had conceived. But we, who have just been elevated by divine grace to the Chair of the Sublime Prince of the Apostles, he is sweet and pleasant We fulfill the wish of our predecessor and greatly missed by our supreme authority to declare what may become for France a good cause, prosperity and happiness.
Certainly, as an old saying that the kingdom of France was called the kingdom of Mary, and rightly so. For since the first centuries of the Church until our time, and Eucher Irenaeus of Lyon, Hilary of Poitiers, Anselm, who, in France, went to England as Archbishop Bernard of Clairvaux, Francis de Sales, and number of other holy doctors, celebrated Mary and helped promote and extend across France the cult of the Virgin Mother of God. In Paris, the famous Sorbonne University, it is historically proven that from the thirteenth century was proclaimed the Virgin conceived without sin.
Even the sacred monuments attest to how bright the old people’s devotion towards the Virgin: Thirty-four churches cathedrals have the title of the Virgin Mother of God, among which we like to remember him as the most famous ones amounting to Reims, Paris, Amiens, Chartres, Coutances and Rouen. The huge crowds of faithful rushing to further each year, even in our time, the Shrine of Mary, clearly demonstrates what can the people of piety towards the Mother of God several times a year and the Basilica of Lourdes, so vast that it is apparently unable to contain the huge crowds of pilgrims.
The Madonna in person, Treasurer God of all grace, seemed, by repeated appearances, approve and confirm the devotion of the French nation.
Moreover, the principal and heads of the nation have long been proud to claim and defend its devotion to the Virgin.
Converted to the true faith of Christ, Clovis hastened, on the ruins of a temple druid lay the foundations of the Church of Our Lady, a completion Childebert his son.
Several temples are dedicated to Mary by Charlemagne. The Dukes of Normandy proclaim Mary Queen of the nation. The Saint Louis devoutly recite daily the Office of the Virgin. Louis XI, for the fulfillment of a vow, builds a temple to Clery at Notre Dame. Finally, Louis XIII establishes the kingdom of France to Mary and ordered that every year the Feast of the Assumption of the Virgin is celebrated in all dioceses of France solemn functions and solemn these pumps, we are aware they continue to occur each year.
Regarding the Maid of Orleans that Our predecessor elevated to the supreme honor of the saints, nobody can question whether under the auspices of the Virgin that she has received and fulfilled the mission of saving France, for First, it is under the patronage of Our Lady of Bermont, then under that of the Virgin of Orleans, and finally the Virgin of Reims, she undertook a manly heart so much work, that She remained fearless in the face with swords unsheathed and spotless in the midst of the license camps, she freed his country from the supreme peril and restored the fortunes of France. After having received the advice of his heavenly voice she added on her glorious banner of the name Mary of Jesus, the true King of France. Mounted on the stake, it is whispering in flames in a final scream, the names of Jesus and Mary, she flew to heaven. So, having experienced the obvious relief of the Maid of Orleans, that France receives the favor of the second heavenly patron: it demanding that the clergy and people, which was already better in our predecessor and we are pleased to Ourselves.
Therefore, after taking the advice of our venerable brothers the cardinals of the Holy Roman Church attendants Rites motu proprio, With certain knowledge and after careful deliberation, in the fullness of our apostolic power, by force of the present and in perpetuity, We declare and confirm that the Virgin Mary Mother of God under the title of her Assumption into heaven, has been regularly chosen as the principal patron of all France with God, with all the privileges and honors that include the noble title and dignity.
Furthermore, listening to the wishes of pressing bishops, clergy and faithful of the dioceses and missions of France, we declare with the greatest joy and establish the illustrious Maid of Orleans, especially admired and revered by all Catholics France as the heroine of religion and the homeland, St. Jeanne d’Arc, virgin, secondary patroness of France, selected by the full vote of the people, and it even after our supreme apostolic authority, also granting all the honors and privileges under the law includes this as a second patron.
Accordingly, we pray God, the author of any property that, by the intercession of two celestial patrons, the Mother of God assumed into Heaven and St. Jeanne d’Arc, virgin, and other patron saints of places and holders churches, dioceses that both missions, Catholic France, hopes strained towards true liberty and its ancient dignity, is really the first-born daughter of the Roman Church, it warms, guard, developed by thinking, action, love, its ancient and glorious traditions for the good of religion and the homeland.
We grant these privileges, determining that these letters are still firm and remain valid and effective, that they obtain and retain their full force and effect, both now and in the future for the entire French nation, the pledge broader relief heavenly way it should be judged definitively, and that is now held vain and void for future development which would adversely affect these decisions, because of any authority either knowingly or unknowingly. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary.
Given at Rome, at St. Peter, under the seal of the Fisherman, the 2nd of March of 1922, the first of Our Pontificate years."
Canonization | Joan of Arc | Jeanne-darc.info
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London. Intertitle: "SAINT JOAN OF ARC. Canonisation of new Saint celebrated with solemn Pageant". M/S of a procession of women coming out of a Cathedral ( W...
Thank you my friend SGT (Join to see) for making us aware that on May 16, 1920 Joan of Arc (Jeanne D'arc) was canonized a saint by Pope Benedict XV after being beatified by Pope Saint Pius X 11 April 1909.
Saint Joan Of Arc (1920)
Intertitle: "SAINT JOAN OF ARC. Canonisation of new Saint celebrated with solemn Pageant".
M/S of a procession of women coming out of a Cathedral ( Westminster Cathedral? ). The women are nurses and nuns, followed by a group of girls in white veils. We then see a column of women wearing striped sashes - possibly suffragettes - followed by more nuns in white habits. Standing on the steps to the cathedral watching the procession are several gentlemen in top hats and a couple of army officers. M/S of men in cassocks carrying banners, with statements such as 'All Sing', coming out of the Cathedral, they are followed by more men in cassocks carrying brass instruments. M/S of a group of men and women in mortar boards and carrying flags following the procession. The pageant continues with school girls and women dressed completely in white.
C/U of a girl dressed in period costume as St. Joan on the back of a white horse. Medium side view of the girl on the horse. M/S of 'St. Joan' leading a small procession of men in medieval dress through a crowd lined square.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSiFj39CIGo
Images:
1. Map Joan of Arc Chronology 1429-1431.
2. Jeanne d'Arc devant Orleans April 14, 1429 postcard.
3. Jeanne d'Arc a Compiegne, Jehanne est prise [Captured] May 24, 1430 postcard.
4. Jeanne d'Arc Brulee Vive a Rouen [burned at the stake] May 30, 1431 postcard.
1. Background from {[https://www.jeanne-darc.info/biography/]}
"Jeanne d’Arc was a peasant girl who became a national heroine and the patron saint of France. At a crucial period of the Hundred Years’War, she led the French resistance to English invaders and turned the tide of the war. A mystic visionary, Jeanne was ultimately captured and imprisoned by the English and condemned by an ecclesiastical court to be burned at the stake in 1431. She was 19 years old.
The France of Jeanne’s youth was torn by civil war. The Treaty of Troyes (1422) had recognized the claim of England’s Henry V to the French throne, and his heir, supported by the duke of Burgundy, was accepted as king in all parts of France controlled by England and Burgundy. The dauphin Charles, last heir of the Valois line, had no rights under the treaty but was supported by the Armagnac party, and controlled part of France south of the Loire River.
Jeanne was born into a peasant family in the village of Domrémy in Lorraine about 1412. By the age of 13 she began to hear what she described as her “voices,”whom she later identified as the Archangel Michael and Saints Catherine and Margaret. Over the next few years these voices urged Jeanne to find an escort to the dauphin, from whom she was to receive an army and drive the English out of France. She resisted the voices until 1428, when she first approached the Armagnac captain Robert de Baudricourt at nearby Vaucouleurs. Baudricourt refused her at first, but her persistence finally convinced him to give her an armed escort to the dauphin’s court at Chinon in February 1429. By then the English had laid siege to Orléans, the strategic gateway across the Loire into the dauphin’s territory.
When Jeanne met the dauphin, she was able to convince him of her divine mission (some say by relating to him a private prayer he had made to God). After having her examined by a group of clerics and advisers at Poitiers to ensure her orthodoxy, Charles gave her titular command of an army. She was given armor and her own banner (reading “Jesus, Mary”), and brought to the army at Blois, 35 miles southwest of Orléans. She is said to have expelled prostitutes and forced her men to go to confession, give up foul language, and swear to refrain from looting civilians. Her army lifted the siege of Orléans on May 8, 1429, and pushed on to victories in several other cities to arrive at Rheims, where, in accordance with tradition, the dauphin was crowned King Charles VII of France on July 17. After the coronation Jeanne begged the king to deliver Paris from the English, but Charles was uninterested, preoccupied with trying to negotiate peace with Burgundy.
While Jeanne was fighting on the outskirts of Paris, the king withdrew his forces, and Jeanne spent a restless winter at court. In May Burgundy renewed the war, laying siege to Compiègne. Determined to help, Jeanne led a small army of additional troops into the city on May 23. That afternoon she led a sortie outside the city and was ambushed by Burgundian troops. Staying in the rear guard, Jeanne was trapped outside when the gates of the city were prematurely closed, and was captured. Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, refused to ransom her and sold her to the English for 10,000 francs. Pierre Cauchon, the bishop of Beauvais and a longtime supporter of the Anglo-Burgundian party, was charged with organizing an ecclesiastical court in Rouen (deep in English territory) to try Jeanne for witchcraft and heresy. Yet against inquisitorial custom, she was held in an English military prison with male guards, a situation that put her in constant danger of rape.
The only known contemporary portrait of Jeanne d'Arc. By Clément de Fauquembergue, the secretary of the Palement of Paris. The artist had never seen Jeanne d'Arc. This fascinating plain, small line drawing shows her as a small determined woman carrying her army’s sacred banner in one hand and a sword in the other. The drawing was made in the margin of the Orleans city record manuscripts on the day she got the English armies away from the city and freed the countryside around Orleans May 10. 1429
Jeanne’s trial lasted five months, and is well documented, including her often witty and confident replies to her interrogators. Ultimately, however, threatened with execution and torture, she signed a document abjuring her voices on May 24, and assumed female attire as the court directed her. But by May 28, condemned to perpetual imprisonment, she had resumed her male clothing and recanted her abjuration. She was immediately considered “relapsed” by members of the tribunal. She had a quick “Relapse Trial” May 28–29 and was convicted of “idolatry” for her cross-dressing, and of refusal to submit to the authority of the church, and on May 30, 1431, was turned over to the secular English authorities and burned at the stake at Rouen as a relapsed heretic.
Peace was concluded between France and Burgundy in 1435, and in 1436, the Armagnacs recovered Paris. They regained Rouen in 1449, and early in 1450, King Charles initiated an investigation into Jeanne’s trial and condemnation. The church began its own inquiry into Jeanne’s trial in 1452. In 1453, the Hundred Years’ War ended, and in 1455, a rehabilitation trial opened for Jeanne. In 1456, the Inquisition announced her rehabilitation at Rouen, in a document read publicly declaring her trial to have been tainted with fraud and errors of law, therefore rendering the Condemnation Trial null and void. Her innocence was proclaimed and her good name restored. In 1920, Jeanne was canonized, and her feast day, July 10, declared a national holiday in France.
She remains the only figure in history ever to be both condemned and canonized by the Catholic Church."
The Chronology of Jeanne d’Arc
1412 January Born at Domremy to Jacques d’Arc and Isabelle Romée. Cf. Letter of Perceval de Boulainvilliers to the duke of Milan (June 29, 1429). But no one else, neither Jeanne’s mother nor the witnesses at the rehabilitation trial, mentions the feast of the Epiphany (a Christian religious holiday celebrating the baptism of Jesus and the arrival of the Three Wise Men). In the course of the trial of condemnation, Jeanne “answered that she was nineteen or thereabout.”
Sometime during that January?: Jeanne’s baptism in the church of Domremy, by the parish priest, Jean Nivet. Numerous witnesses attested to it, including some godfathers and godmothers, as well as Jeanne herself (condemnation trial).
1424 Domremy, in Jacques d’Arc’s garden. “She was thirteen years old; she heard a voice coming from God to help her control herself. And the first time she felt a great fear. And that voice came about midday, in the summer, in her father’s garden”.
1425 Domremy. Henri d’Orly steals cattle belonging to the inhabitants of the village. The lady of Domremy, Jeanne de Joinville, makes him return them.
May Burey-le-Petit. Jeanne stays with Durand Laxart.
May 13: Vaucouleurs.
First meeting with Robert de Baudricourt, around Ascension Thursday.
July ?: Neufchateau: The inhabitants of Domremy leave their village for fear of armed bands of soldiers. Jeanne and her family are housed with a woman named La Rousse for a fortnight.
Toul. Jeanne is denounced before the authorities for breaking a promise of marriage, which she denies.
1428 June: Last week To Neufchateau
1429 January
Burey-le-Petit. Second stay with Durand Laxart.
Vaucouleurs. Second meeting with Robert de Baudricourt.
February
Nancy. Meeting with Duke Charles of Lorraine. Return to Vaucouleurs by way of Saint-Nicolas-du-Port.
Vaucouleurs. With the Le Royer couple. Saturday, February 12, 1429: “Day of the Herrings.” Jeanne announces it during her third meeting with Robert de Baudricourt. Exorcism by the parish priest of Vaucouleurs, Fournier. Her escort is gotten ready.
Tuesday, February 22: Departure from Vaucouleurs. Late afternoon. The distance to Saint-Urbain is covered at night. Jeanne is accompanied by Jean of Metz and his servant, Jean de Honnecourt; Bertrand de Poulengy and his servant, Julien; Colet de Vienne, the royal courier; and Richard the archer. “Eleven days to reach the king” (rehabilitation trial, Deposition of Bertrand de Poulengy). This date seems more·likely for the departure than for their arrival at Chinon.
Wednesday, February 23: Saint-Urbain-Clairvaux.
Thursday, February 24: Clairvaux-Pothieres.
Friday, February 25: Pothieres-Auxerre.
Saturday, February 26: Auxerre-Mezilles. In Auxerre, Jeanne attends mass in the “great church” (Tisset II, p. 52).
Sunday, February 27: Mezilles-Viglain.
Monday, February 28: Viglain-La Ferte.
March
Tuesday, March 1: La Ferte-Saint-Aignan.
Wednesday, March 2: Saint-Aignan-Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois.
Thursday, March 3: Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois-L’Ile-Bouchard. From Sainte-Catherine, Jeanne has a letter written to the king, asking him to receive her (Tisset II, p. 52).
Friday, March 4: l’ile Bouchard, Chinon. Jeanne arrives at Chinon about midday. She takes up lodging in a hostelry.
Saturday, March 5: Chinon.
Sunday, March 6: Chinon. In late afternoon, Jeanne is received by the king.
Monday, March 7: Chinon. First meeting with John of Alençon.
Tuesday, March 8: Chinon.
Thursday, March 10: Chinon. Interrogation session.
Friday, March 11: Poitiers. The interrogations held at the residence of Master Jean Rabateau, where Jeanne is lodged.
Tuesday, March 22: Poitiers. Jeanne sends an ultimatum to the king of England (the “Letter to the English”).
Thursday, March 24: Departure for Chinon.
April
Saturday, April 2: A horseman is sent to find the sword of Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois.
Tuesday, April 5: Jeanne leaves Chinon for Tours. Her armor, her standard, and her pennon are produced.
Thursday, April 21: Departure from Tours for Blois. There Jeanne joins the royal army and the convoy of food for Orléans.
The banner for the priests to carry is produced. Departure for Orléans.
Friday, April 29: Jeanne reaches Chécy and enters Orléans in the evening by the Burgundy Gate; she takes up lodging with the treasurer of the duke, Jacques Boucher.
Saturday, April 30: Orléans. Jeanne “went to the rampart of Belle-Croix” on the bridge and speaks with “Glacidas” (Journal du siége d’Orléans).
May
Sunday, May 1: Orléans. Dunois leaves Orléans to find the rest of the royal army at Blois. (He will be away until May 4.)
Jeanne rides about in the city.
Monday, May 2: Orleans. Jeanne, on horseback, reconnoiters the English bastides.
Tuesday, May 3:Orleans. Feast of the Finding of the Holy Cross. A procession in the city.
Wednesday, May 4: Orleans. Jeanne confronts Dunois. The Saint-Loup bastide is taken.
Thursday, May 5: Orléans. Ascension Day: no combat. Jeanne sends the English an ultimatum.
Friday, May 6: Orléans. Bastide of the Augustinians taken.
Saturday, May 7: Orleans. Bastide of the Tourelles taken.
Sunday, May 8: Orleans. The English raise the siege. Thanksgiving procession throughout the city.
Monday, May 9: Jeanne leaves Orléans.
Friday, May 13: Tours. Meeting between Jeanne and the king.
Between 13 and 24 May: Jeanne goes to Saint-Florent-les-Saumur. She meets John of Alençon, his wife, and his mother.
Sunday, May 22: The king is at Loches.
Tuesday, May 24: Jeanne leaves Loches.
Sunday, May 29: Selles-en-Berry.
Monday, June 6: Selles-en-Berry. Departure for Romorantin. Jeanne meets Guy de Laval at Selles-en-Berry.
June
Tuesday, June 7: Romorantin.
Thursday, June 9: Orléans. The army is regrouped.
Friday, June 10: Sandillon.
Saturday, June 11: Attack on Jargeau.
Sunday, June 12: Jargeau. Jargeau taken.
Monday, June 13: Return to Orléans.
Tuesday, June 14: Jeanne leaves the city.
Wednesday, June 15: Attack on Meung-sur-Loire.
Thursday, June 16: Attack on Beaugency.
Saturday, June 18: Battle of Patay. “The gentle king will have today the greatest victory he has ever had. And my counsel has told me that they will all be ours” (deposition of John of Alençon at the rehabilitation trial).
Sunday, June 19: Jeanne and the captains reenter Orleans.
Wednesday, June 22: Châteauneuf-sur-Loire. Meeting of the king’s council.
Thursday, June 23: The king returns to Gien.
Friday, June 24: The army leaves for Gien. Jeanne tells the duke of Alençon, “Have trumpets sounded and mount horse; it is time to go before the gentle Dauphin Charles and put him on the road to his coronation at Reims” (Perceval de Cagny).
Saturday, June 25: Gien. Jeanne dictates letters to the inhabitants of Tournai and the duke of Burgundy to invite them to the anointing.
Sunday, June 26: Gien.
The Coronation Route
Monday, June 27: Jeanne leaves Gien.
Wednesday, June 29: The royal army sets off toward Auxerre.
July
Monday, July 4: Briennon-Saint-Florentin-Saint-Phal. From Saint-Phal, Jeanne writes to the inhabitants of Troyes.
Tuesday, July 5: The army before Troyes.
Saturday, July 9: Troyes. The city of Troyes agrees to receive the king.
Sunday, July 10: Troyes. The king and Jeanne enter the city.
Tuesday, July 12: Troyes-Arcy-sur-Aube.
Wednesday, July 13: Arcy-sur-Aube-Lettrée.
Thursday, July 14: Lettrée-Châlons-sur-Mame. Jeanne encounters her fellow villagers from Dornremy.
Friday, July 15: Châlons-sur-Mame-Sept-Saulx.
Saturday, July 16: Sept-Saulx-Reims.
Sunday, July 17, 1429: Anointing of Charles VII in the cathedral of Reims.
Thursday, July 21: Departure from Reims for Corbeny. Charles VII touches for scrofula.
Saturday, July 23: Soissons.
Wednesday, July 27: Château-Thierry
Sunday, July 31: Letter of Charles VII granting immunity from taxation to the inhabitants of Domremy and Greux.
August
Monday, August 1: Montmirail.
Saturday, August 6: Provins. Letter of Jeanne to the inhabitants of Reims.
Sunday, August 7: Coulommiers.
Wednesday, August 10: La Ferté-Milon.
Thursday, August 11: Crépy-en-Valois.
Friday, August 12: Lagny.
Saturday, August 13: Dammartin.
Monday, August 15: Montépilloy. Heavy skirmishing with the English, who withdraw toward Paris.
Wednesday, August 17-Saturday, August 28: Compiégne (the royal residence).
Monday, August 23: Jeanne leaves Compiégne.
Thursday, August 26: Saint-Denis.
September
Monday, September 7: Saint-Denis. The king arrives in the town.
Tuesday, September 8: Attack on Paris, at the Saint-Honoré Gate.
Wednesday, September 9: Return to Saint-Denis.
Thursday, September 10: The order is given to abandon the attack on Paris.
Saturday, September 12: The army returns to the Loire.
Monday, September 14 – Monday, September 21: Provins-Courtenay-Châteaurenard-Montargis.
Monday, September 21: Gien. Dissolution of the army.
Late September: Preparation for the La Charite campaign.
October
?: Departure for Saint-Pierre-le-Moutier.
November
Wednesday, November 4: Fall of Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier.
Late November: The army marches toward La Charité. They follow the Allier and then the Loire (whether on the right or the left bank has not been settled). The army crosses the Loire between Nevers and Décize. It ascends the valley of the Nievre and then cuts sharply westward toward La Charite, which isolates Perrinet Gressart from whatever help he could expect from Varzy.
Tuesday, November 24: At the request of Charles d’ Albret, the inhabitants of Bourges send 1,300 gold ecus to the royal troops. The siege begins shortly before this date and lasts a month.
December
Saturday, December 25: Jeanne returns to Jargeau.
Line
1430 January
?: Meung-sur-Yevre?-Bourges.
Wednesday, January 19: Orléans.
?: Sully-sur-Loire? February
March
?: Sully-sur-Loire.
Wednesday, March 29: Lagny.
April
Monday, April 24: Melun. Jeanne waits for the reinforcements requested from Charles VII.
Tuesday, April 25-May 6: Crepy-en-Valois.
May
Saturday, May 6: Compiégne
Thursday-Friday, May 11-12: Soissons. Guichard Bourne! refuses authorization to pass through the city.
Monday-Tuesday, May ·15-16: Compiégne.
Wednesday-Friday, May 17-18: Crépy-en-Valois.
May 19-21: Jeanne waits for reinforcements.
Monday, May 22: Return to Compiégne.
Tuesday, May 23: Capture of Jeanne d’Arc before Compiégne. Philip the Good comes from Coudun to Margny to see Jeanne.
Wednesday, May 24: Clairoix?
May 27 and 28: Beaulieu-les-Fontaines.
July
Monday, July 10: Departure from Beaulieu.
July 11-early November: Beaurevoir.
Asked whether she spent a long time in the tower of Beaurevoir, Jeanne answered: “Four months or thereabout.”
November
Thursday, November 9: Arras.
November 21-December 9: Le Crotoy.
December
Wednesday, December 20: Crossing of the estuary of the Somme between Le Crotoy and Saint-Valery.
Saturday, December 23: Jeanne arrives at Rouen.
January
Tuesday, January 9: Rouen. First day of the trial. Inquest undertaken at Dornremy and Vaucouleurs.
Saturday, January 13: The assessors read the information so far gathered on the Maid.
February
Tuesday, February 13: Oath swearing by the officers of the court appointed by the bishop of Beauvais.
Monday, February 19: Summons sent to the vice-inquisitor.
Tuesday, February 20: The vice-inquisitor questions whether he has competence in the matter. A new letter from the bishop of Beauvais.
Wednesday, February 21: First public session. Jeanne is presented to the court.
Thursday, February 22: Trial sessions.
Saturday, February 24: Trial sessions.
Tuesday, February 27: Trial sessions.
March
Thursday, March 1: Trial sessions.
Saturday, March 3: Trial sessions.
Sunday- Friday, March 4-9: Meeting, before which Jeanne does not appear, in the residence of the bishop of Beauvais.
Saturday, March 10: Trial session in prison.
Monday, March 12: Second session in prison.
Tuesday, March 13: The vice-inquisitor takes part in the trial for the first time.
Wednesday, March 14: Sessions in prison.
Thursday, March 15: Sessions in prison.
Saturday, March 17: Sessions in prison.
Sunday-Thursday, March 18-22: Meetings in the residence of the bishop of Beauvais.
Saturday, March 24: The transcript of questions and answers read to Jeanne.
Monday, March 26: Regular (“ordinary”) trial sessions begin.
Tuesday, March 27: The seventy articles are read to Jeanne.
Wednesday, March 28: The seventy articles are read to Jeanne.
Saturday, March 31: The seventy articles are read to Jeanne.
April
Monday-Thursday, April 2-5: Deliberation of the assessors and drafting of the twelve articles.
Monday, April 16: Jeanne falls ill after eating a carp sent her by the bishop of Beauvais.
Wednesday, Apri 18: Charitable exhortation delivered to Jeanne in her cell.
May
Wednesday, May 2: Public admonition.
Wednesday, May 9: Jeanne threatened with torture in the great tower of the castle.
Sunday, May 13: Formal dinner party hosted by Richard Beauchamp, earl of Warwick, to which are invited the bishop of Beauvais, the bishop of Noyon, Louis of Luxembourg, Earl Humphrey of Stafford, and others. Late in the evening, they go see Jeanne in her prison cell.
Saturday, May 15: Deliberation of the masters of the University of Paris and of the masters and doctors present in the palace of the archbishop of Rouen.
Wednesday, May 23: Explanation of the charges and admonition to Jeanne by Pierre Maurice, canon of Rouen, in the castle of Bouvreuil.
Thursday, May 24: Public sermon in the cemetery of Saint-Ouen followed by Jeanne’s “abjuration.” She is led back to the English prison, where she dresses in women’s clothes.
Monday, May 28: In prison, Jeanne resumes men’s clothes; the charge that she is a relapsed heretic is opened.
Tuesday, May 29: Deliberation of the doctors and other assessors.
Wednesday, May 30: Jeanne is burned alive in the Old Marketplace at Rouen.
June 8: Notification of Jeanne’s execution sent to the princes of Christendom.
Line Related events after her death
1449 (?) Charles VII requests that Pope Nicholas V authorize a new trial for Jeanne.
1450 January 15 Rehabilitation process begun. Intermittently conducted until 1456.
March - 4-5 Royal inquiry conducted by Guillaume Bouille.
1452 May 2-9 Ecclesiastical inquiry into Jeanne’s life begun by Cardinal Guillaume d’Estouteville and Inquisitor Jean Brehal.
1455 June Pope Callixtus III authorizes a new trial and permits Jeanne’s mother and brothers to have an inquiry into the circumstances of her trial begun.
November
November 7: Retrial of Jeanne begins. Jeanne rehabilitated, and the former verdict annulled by the archbishop of Rheims.
November 17: Paris. Guillaume d’Estouteville, papal legate to France (and cousin of Charles VII), opens the first session of the new trial.
December
December 12: The trial moves to Rouen.
1456 January 28: Inquest begins at Domrémy.
February 12-March 16: Inquest at Orléans.
July 7: Rouen. The trial adjourns, declaring the nullity of the 1431 trial, on the basis of procedural flaws.
1458 November 28: Death of Jeanne’s mother Isabelle.
1903 February -Formal proposal of canonization is made.
1904 January -Pope Pius X accords Jeanne the title “Venerable.”
1909 April 11: Jeanne given the title “Blessed.”
1920 May 16 Jeanne canonized by Pope Benedict XV'
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Saint Joan Of Arc (1920)
Intertitle: "SAINT JOAN OF ARC. Canonisation of new Saint celebrated with solemn Pageant".
M/S of a procession of women coming out of a Cathedral ( Westminster Cathedral? ). The women are nurses and nuns, followed by a group of girls in white veils. We then see a column of women wearing striped sashes - possibly suffragettes - followed by more nuns in white habits. Standing on the steps to the cathedral watching the procession are several gentlemen in top hats and a couple of army officers. M/S of men in cassocks carrying banners, with statements such as 'All Sing', coming out of the Cathedral, they are followed by more men in cassocks carrying brass instruments. M/S of a group of men and women in mortar boards and carrying flags following the procession. The pageant continues with school girls and women dressed completely in white.
C/U of a girl dressed in period costume as St. Joan on the back of a white horse. Medium side view of the girl on the horse. M/S of 'St. Joan' leading a small procession of men in medieval dress through a crowd lined square.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSiFj39CIGo
Images:
1. Map Joan of Arc Chronology 1429-1431.
2. Jeanne d'Arc devant Orleans April 14, 1429 postcard.
3. Jeanne d'Arc a Compiegne, Jehanne est prise [Captured] May 24, 1430 postcard.
4. Jeanne d'Arc Brulee Vive a Rouen [burned at the stake] May 30, 1431 postcard.
1. Background from {[https://www.jeanne-darc.info/biography/]}
"Jeanne d’Arc was a peasant girl who became a national heroine and the patron saint of France. At a crucial period of the Hundred Years’War, she led the French resistance to English invaders and turned the tide of the war. A mystic visionary, Jeanne was ultimately captured and imprisoned by the English and condemned by an ecclesiastical court to be burned at the stake in 1431. She was 19 years old.
The France of Jeanne’s youth was torn by civil war. The Treaty of Troyes (1422) had recognized the claim of England’s Henry V to the French throne, and his heir, supported by the duke of Burgundy, was accepted as king in all parts of France controlled by England and Burgundy. The dauphin Charles, last heir of the Valois line, had no rights under the treaty but was supported by the Armagnac party, and controlled part of France south of the Loire River.
Jeanne was born into a peasant family in the village of Domrémy in Lorraine about 1412. By the age of 13 she began to hear what she described as her “voices,”whom she later identified as the Archangel Michael and Saints Catherine and Margaret. Over the next few years these voices urged Jeanne to find an escort to the dauphin, from whom she was to receive an army and drive the English out of France. She resisted the voices until 1428, when she first approached the Armagnac captain Robert de Baudricourt at nearby Vaucouleurs. Baudricourt refused her at first, but her persistence finally convinced him to give her an armed escort to the dauphin’s court at Chinon in February 1429. By then the English had laid siege to Orléans, the strategic gateway across the Loire into the dauphin’s territory.
When Jeanne met the dauphin, she was able to convince him of her divine mission (some say by relating to him a private prayer he had made to God). After having her examined by a group of clerics and advisers at Poitiers to ensure her orthodoxy, Charles gave her titular command of an army. She was given armor and her own banner (reading “Jesus, Mary”), and brought to the army at Blois, 35 miles southwest of Orléans. She is said to have expelled prostitutes and forced her men to go to confession, give up foul language, and swear to refrain from looting civilians. Her army lifted the siege of Orléans on May 8, 1429, and pushed on to victories in several other cities to arrive at Rheims, where, in accordance with tradition, the dauphin was crowned King Charles VII of France on July 17. After the coronation Jeanne begged the king to deliver Paris from the English, but Charles was uninterested, preoccupied with trying to negotiate peace with Burgundy.
While Jeanne was fighting on the outskirts of Paris, the king withdrew his forces, and Jeanne spent a restless winter at court. In May Burgundy renewed the war, laying siege to Compiègne. Determined to help, Jeanne led a small army of additional troops into the city on May 23. That afternoon she led a sortie outside the city and was ambushed by Burgundian troops. Staying in the rear guard, Jeanne was trapped outside when the gates of the city were prematurely closed, and was captured. Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, refused to ransom her and sold her to the English for 10,000 francs. Pierre Cauchon, the bishop of Beauvais and a longtime supporter of the Anglo-Burgundian party, was charged with organizing an ecclesiastical court in Rouen (deep in English territory) to try Jeanne for witchcraft and heresy. Yet against inquisitorial custom, she was held in an English military prison with male guards, a situation that put her in constant danger of rape.
The only known contemporary portrait of Jeanne d'Arc. By Clément de Fauquembergue, the secretary of the Palement of Paris. The artist had never seen Jeanne d'Arc. This fascinating plain, small line drawing shows her as a small determined woman carrying her army’s sacred banner in one hand and a sword in the other. The drawing was made in the margin of the Orleans city record manuscripts on the day she got the English armies away from the city and freed the countryside around Orleans May 10. 1429
Jeanne’s trial lasted five months, and is well documented, including her often witty and confident replies to her interrogators. Ultimately, however, threatened with execution and torture, she signed a document abjuring her voices on May 24, and assumed female attire as the court directed her. But by May 28, condemned to perpetual imprisonment, she had resumed her male clothing and recanted her abjuration. She was immediately considered “relapsed” by members of the tribunal. She had a quick “Relapse Trial” May 28–29 and was convicted of “idolatry” for her cross-dressing, and of refusal to submit to the authority of the church, and on May 30, 1431, was turned over to the secular English authorities and burned at the stake at Rouen as a relapsed heretic.
Peace was concluded between France and Burgundy in 1435, and in 1436, the Armagnacs recovered Paris. They regained Rouen in 1449, and early in 1450, King Charles initiated an investigation into Jeanne’s trial and condemnation. The church began its own inquiry into Jeanne’s trial in 1452. In 1453, the Hundred Years’ War ended, and in 1455, a rehabilitation trial opened for Jeanne. In 1456, the Inquisition announced her rehabilitation at Rouen, in a document read publicly declaring her trial to have been tainted with fraud and errors of law, therefore rendering the Condemnation Trial null and void. Her innocence was proclaimed and her good name restored. In 1920, Jeanne was canonized, and her feast day, July 10, declared a national holiday in France.
She remains the only figure in history ever to be both condemned and canonized by the Catholic Church."
The Chronology of Jeanne d’Arc
1412 January Born at Domremy to Jacques d’Arc and Isabelle Romée. Cf. Letter of Perceval de Boulainvilliers to the duke of Milan (June 29, 1429). But no one else, neither Jeanne’s mother nor the witnesses at the rehabilitation trial, mentions the feast of the Epiphany (a Christian religious holiday celebrating the baptism of Jesus and the arrival of the Three Wise Men). In the course of the trial of condemnation, Jeanne “answered that she was nineteen or thereabout.”
Sometime during that January?: Jeanne’s baptism in the church of Domremy, by the parish priest, Jean Nivet. Numerous witnesses attested to it, including some godfathers and godmothers, as well as Jeanne herself (condemnation trial).
1424 Domremy, in Jacques d’Arc’s garden. “She was thirteen years old; she heard a voice coming from God to help her control herself. And the first time she felt a great fear. And that voice came about midday, in the summer, in her father’s garden”.
1425 Domremy. Henri d’Orly steals cattle belonging to the inhabitants of the village. The lady of Domremy, Jeanne de Joinville, makes him return them.
May Burey-le-Petit. Jeanne stays with Durand Laxart.
May 13: Vaucouleurs.
First meeting with Robert de Baudricourt, around Ascension Thursday.
July ?: Neufchateau: The inhabitants of Domremy leave their village for fear of armed bands of soldiers. Jeanne and her family are housed with a woman named La Rousse for a fortnight.
Toul. Jeanne is denounced before the authorities for breaking a promise of marriage, which she denies.
1428 June: Last week To Neufchateau
1429 January
Burey-le-Petit. Second stay with Durand Laxart.
Vaucouleurs. Second meeting with Robert de Baudricourt.
February
Nancy. Meeting with Duke Charles of Lorraine. Return to Vaucouleurs by way of Saint-Nicolas-du-Port.
Vaucouleurs. With the Le Royer couple. Saturday, February 12, 1429: “Day of the Herrings.” Jeanne announces it during her third meeting with Robert de Baudricourt. Exorcism by the parish priest of Vaucouleurs, Fournier. Her escort is gotten ready.
Tuesday, February 22: Departure from Vaucouleurs. Late afternoon. The distance to Saint-Urbain is covered at night. Jeanne is accompanied by Jean of Metz and his servant, Jean de Honnecourt; Bertrand de Poulengy and his servant, Julien; Colet de Vienne, the royal courier; and Richard the archer. “Eleven days to reach the king” (rehabilitation trial, Deposition of Bertrand de Poulengy). This date seems more·likely for the departure than for their arrival at Chinon.
Wednesday, February 23: Saint-Urbain-Clairvaux.
Thursday, February 24: Clairvaux-Pothieres.
Friday, February 25: Pothieres-Auxerre.
Saturday, February 26: Auxerre-Mezilles. In Auxerre, Jeanne attends mass in the “great church” (Tisset II, p. 52).
Sunday, February 27: Mezilles-Viglain.
Monday, February 28: Viglain-La Ferte.
March
Tuesday, March 1: La Ferte-Saint-Aignan.
Wednesday, March 2: Saint-Aignan-Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois.
Thursday, March 3: Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois-L’Ile-Bouchard. From Sainte-Catherine, Jeanne has a letter written to the king, asking him to receive her (Tisset II, p. 52).
Friday, March 4: l’ile Bouchard, Chinon. Jeanne arrives at Chinon about midday. She takes up lodging in a hostelry.
Saturday, March 5: Chinon.
Sunday, March 6: Chinon. In late afternoon, Jeanne is received by the king.
Monday, March 7: Chinon. First meeting with John of Alençon.
Tuesday, March 8: Chinon.
Thursday, March 10: Chinon. Interrogation session.
Friday, March 11: Poitiers. The interrogations held at the residence of Master Jean Rabateau, where Jeanne is lodged.
Tuesday, March 22: Poitiers. Jeanne sends an ultimatum to the king of England (the “Letter to the English”).
Thursday, March 24: Departure for Chinon.
April
Saturday, April 2: A horseman is sent to find the sword of Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois.
Tuesday, April 5: Jeanne leaves Chinon for Tours. Her armor, her standard, and her pennon are produced.
Thursday, April 21: Departure from Tours for Blois. There Jeanne joins the royal army and the convoy of food for Orléans.
The banner for the priests to carry is produced. Departure for Orléans.
Friday, April 29: Jeanne reaches Chécy and enters Orléans in the evening by the Burgundy Gate; she takes up lodging with the treasurer of the duke, Jacques Boucher.
Saturday, April 30: Orléans. Jeanne “went to the rampart of Belle-Croix” on the bridge and speaks with “Glacidas” (Journal du siége d’Orléans).
May
Sunday, May 1: Orléans. Dunois leaves Orléans to find the rest of the royal army at Blois. (He will be away until May 4.)
Jeanne rides about in the city.
Monday, May 2: Orleans. Jeanne, on horseback, reconnoiters the English bastides.
Tuesday, May 3:Orleans. Feast of the Finding of the Holy Cross. A procession in the city.
Wednesday, May 4: Orleans. Jeanne confronts Dunois. The Saint-Loup bastide is taken.
Thursday, May 5: Orléans. Ascension Day: no combat. Jeanne sends the English an ultimatum.
Friday, May 6: Orléans. Bastide of the Augustinians taken.
Saturday, May 7: Orleans. Bastide of the Tourelles taken.
Sunday, May 8: Orleans. The English raise the siege. Thanksgiving procession throughout the city.
Monday, May 9: Jeanne leaves Orléans.
Friday, May 13: Tours. Meeting between Jeanne and the king.
Between 13 and 24 May: Jeanne goes to Saint-Florent-les-Saumur. She meets John of Alençon, his wife, and his mother.
Sunday, May 22: The king is at Loches.
Tuesday, May 24: Jeanne leaves Loches.
Sunday, May 29: Selles-en-Berry.
Monday, June 6: Selles-en-Berry. Departure for Romorantin. Jeanne meets Guy de Laval at Selles-en-Berry.
June
Tuesday, June 7: Romorantin.
Thursday, June 9: Orléans. The army is regrouped.
Friday, June 10: Sandillon.
Saturday, June 11: Attack on Jargeau.
Sunday, June 12: Jargeau. Jargeau taken.
Monday, June 13: Return to Orléans.
Tuesday, June 14: Jeanne leaves the city.
Wednesday, June 15: Attack on Meung-sur-Loire.
Thursday, June 16: Attack on Beaugency.
Saturday, June 18: Battle of Patay. “The gentle king will have today the greatest victory he has ever had. And my counsel has told me that they will all be ours” (deposition of John of Alençon at the rehabilitation trial).
Sunday, June 19: Jeanne and the captains reenter Orleans.
Wednesday, June 22: Châteauneuf-sur-Loire. Meeting of the king’s council.
Thursday, June 23: The king returns to Gien.
Friday, June 24: The army leaves for Gien. Jeanne tells the duke of Alençon, “Have trumpets sounded and mount horse; it is time to go before the gentle Dauphin Charles and put him on the road to his coronation at Reims” (Perceval de Cagny).
Saturday, June 25: Gien. Jeanne dictates letters to the inhabitants of Tournai and the duke of Burgundy to invite them to the anointing.
Sunday, June 26: Gien.
The Coronation Route
Monday, June 27: Jeanne leaves Gien.
Wednesday, June 29: The royal army sets off toward Auxerre.
July
Monday, July 4: Briennon-Saint-Florentin-Saint-Phal. From Saint-Phal, Jeanne writes to the inhabitants of Troyes.
Tuesday, July 5: The army before Troyes.
Saturday, July 9: Troyes. The city of Troyes agrees to receive the king.
Sunday, July 10: Troyes. The king and Jeanne enter the city.
Tuesday, July 12: Troyes-Arcy-sur-Aube.
Wednesday, July 13: Arcy-sur-Aube-Lettrée.
Thursday, July 14: Lettrée-Châlons-sur-Mame. Jeanne encounters her fellow villagers from Dornremy.
Friday, July 15: Châlons-sur-Mame-Sept-Saulx.
Saturday, July 16: Sept-Saulx-Reims.
Sunday, July 17, 1429: Anointing of Charles VII in the cathedral of Reims.
Thursday, July 21: Departure from Reims for Corbeny. Charles VII touches for scrofula.
Saturday, July 23: Soissons.
Wednesday, July 27: Château-Thierry
Sunday, July 31: Letter of Charles VII granting immunity from taxation to the inhabitants of Domremy and Greux.
August
Monday, August 1: Montmirail.
Saturday, August 6: Provins. Letter of Jeanne to the inhabitants of Reims.
Sunday, August 7: Coulommiers.
Wednesday, August 10: La Ferté-Milon.
Thursday, August 11: Crépy-en-Valois.
Friday, August 12: Lagny.
Saturday, August 13: Dammartin.
Monday, August 15: Montépilloy. Heavy skirmishing with the English, who withdraw toward Paris.
Wednesday, August 17-Saturday, August 28: Compiégne (the royal residence).
Monday, August 23: Jeanne leaves Compiégne.
Thursday, August 26: Saint-Denis.
September
Monday, September 7: Saint-Denis. The king arrives in the town.
Tuesday, September 8: Attack on Paris, at the Saint-Honoré Gate.
Wednesday, September 9: Return to Saint-Denis.
Thursday, September 10: The order is given to abandon the attack on Paris.
Saturday, September 12: The army returns to the Loire.
Monday, September 14 – Monday, September 21: Provins-Courtenay-Châteaurenard-Montargis.
Monday, September 21: Gien. Dissolution of the army.
Late September: Preparation for the La Charite campaign.
October
?: Departure for Saint-Pierre-le-Moutier.
November
Wednesday, November 4: Fall of Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier.
Late November: The army marches toward La Charité. They follow the Allier and then the Loire (whether on the right or the left bank has not been settled). The army crosses the Loire between Nevers and Décize. It ascends the valley of the Nievre and then cuts sharply westward toward La Charite, which isolates Perrinet Gressart from whatever help he could expect from Varzy.
Tuesday, November 24: At the request of Charles d’ Albret, the inhabitants of Bourges send 1,300 gold ecus to the royal troops. The siege begins shortly before this date and lasts a month.
December
Saturday, December 25: Jeanne returns to Jargeau.
Line
1430 January
?: Meung-sur-Yevre?-Bourges.
Wednesday, January 19: Orléans.
?: Sully-sur-Loire? February
March
?: Sully-sur-Loire.
Wednesday, March 29: Lagny.
April
Monday, April 24: Melun. Jeanne waits for the reinforcements requested from Charles VII.
Tuesday, April 25-May 6: Crepy-en-Valois.
May
Saturday, May 6: Compiégne
Thursday-Friday, May 11-12: Soissons. Guichard Bourne! refuses authorization to pass through the city.
Monday-Tuesday, May ·15-16: Compiégne.
Wednesday-Friday, May 17-18: Crépy-en-Valois.
May 19-21: Jeanne waits for reinforcements.
Monday, May 22: Return to Compiégne.
Tuesday, May 23: Capture of Jeanne d’Arc before Compiégne. Philip the Good comes from Coudun to Margny to see Jeanne.
Wednesday, May 24: Clairoix?
May 27 and 28: Beaulieu-les-Fontaines.
July
Monday, July 10: Departure from Beaulieu.
July 11-early November: Beaurevoir.
Asked whether she spent a long time in the tower of Beaurevoir, Jeanne answered: “Four months or thereabout.”
November
Thursday, November 9: Arras.
November 21-December 9: Le Crotoy.
December
Wednesday, December 20: Crossing of the estuary of the Somme between Le Crotoy and Saint-Valery.
Saturday, December 23: Jeanne arrives at Rouen.
January
Tuesday, January 9: Rouen. First day of the trial. Inquest undertaken at Dornremy and Vaucouleurs.
Saturday, January 13: The assessors read the information so far gathered on the Maid.
February
Tuesday, February 13: Oath swearing by the officers of the court appointed by the bishop of Beauvais.
Monday, February 19: Summons sent to the vice-inquisitor.
Tuesday, February 20: The vice-inquisitor questions whether he has competence in the matter. A new letter from the bishop of Beauvais.
Wednesday, February 21: First public session. Jeanne is presented to the court.
Thursday, February 22: Trial sessions.
Saturday, February 24: Trial sessions.
Tuesday, February 27: Trial sessions.
March
Thursday, March 1: Trial sessions.
Saturday, March 3: Trial sessions.
Sunday- Friday, March 4-9: Meeting, before which Jeanne does not appear, in the residence of the bishop of Beauvais.
Saturday, March 10: Trial session in prison.
Monday, March 12: Second session in prison.
Tuesday, March 13: The vice-inquisitor takes part in the trial for the first time.
Wednesday, March 14: Sessions in prison.
Thursday, March 15: Sessions in prison.
Saturday, March 17: Sessions in prison.
Sunday-Thursday, March 18-22: Meetings in the residence of the bishop of Beauvais.
Saturday, March 24: The transcript of questions and answers read to Jeanne.
Monday, March 26: Regular (“ordinary”) trial sessions begin.
Tuesday, March 27: The seventy articles are read to Jeanne.
Wednesday, March 28: The seventy articles are read to Jeanne.
Saturday, March 31: The seventy articles are read to Jeanne.
April
Monday-Thursday, April 2-5: Deliberation of the assessors and drafting of the twelve articles.
Monday, April 16: Jeanne falls ill after eating a carp sent her by the bishop of Beauvais.
Wednesday, Apri 18: Charitable exhortation delivered to Jeanne in her cell.
May
Wednesday, May 2: Public admonition.
Wednesday, May 9: Jeanne threatened with torture in the great tower of the castle.
Sunday, May 13: Formal dinner party hosted by Richard Beauchamp, earl of Warwick, to which are invited the bishop of Beauvais, the bishop of Noyon, Louis of Luxembourg, Earl Humphrey of Stafford, and others. Late in the evening, they go see Jeanne in her prison cell.
Saturday, May 15: Deliberation of the masters of the University of Paris and of the masters and doctors present in the palace of the archbishop of Rouen.
Wednesday, May 23: Explanation of the charges and admonition to Jeanne by Pierre Maurice, canon of Rouen, in the castle of Bouvreuil.
Thursday, May 24: Public sermon in the cemetery of Saint-Ouen followed by Jeanne’s “abjuration.” She is led back to the English prison, where she dresses in women’s clothes.
Monday, May 28: In prison, Jeanne resumes men’s clothes; the charge that she is a relapsed heretic is opened.
Tuesday, May 29: Deliberation of the doctors and other assessors.
Wednesday, May 30: Jeanne is burned alive in the Old Marketplace at Rouen.
June 8: Notification of Jeanne’s execution sent to the princes of Christendom.
Line Related events after her death
1449 (?) Charles VII requests that Pope Nicholas V authorize a new trial for Jeanne.
1450 January 15 Rehabilitation process begun. Intermittently conducted until 1456.
March - 4-5 Royal inquiry conducted by Guillaume Bouille.
1452 May 2-9 Ecclesiastical inquiry into Jeanne’s life begun by Cardinal Guillaume d’Estouteville and Inquisitor Jean Brehal.
1455 June Pope Callixtus III authorizes a new trial and permits Jeanne’s mother and brothers to have an inquiry into the circumstances of her trial begun.
November
November 7: Retrial of Jeanne begins. Jeanne rehabilitated, and the former verdict annulled by the archbishop of Rheims.
November 17: Paris. Guillaume d’Estouteville, papal legate to France (and cousin of Charles VII), opens the first session of the new trial.
December
December 12: The trial moves to Rouen.
1456 January 28: Inquest begins at Domrémy.
February 12-March 16: Inquest at Orléans.
July 7: Rouen. The trial adjourns, declaring the nullity of the 1431 trial, on the basis of procedural flaws.
1458 November 28: Death of Jeanne’s mother Isabelle.
1903 February -Formal proposal of canonization is made.
1904 January -Pope Pius X accords Jeanne the title “Venerable.”
1909 April 11: Jeanne given the title “Blessed.”
1920 May 16 Jeanne canonized by Pope Benedict XV'
FYI SGT Jim Arnold SPC Randy Zimmerman CPT Paul Whitmer 1SG Walter Craig 1SG Joseph Dartey 1SG Steven Imerman CWO3 Dennis M. SFC William Farrell Sgt Jackie Julius SPC Matthew Lamb PFC Richard Hughes SSG (Join to see) PO2 (Join to see)CWO3 (Join to see) PO1 William "Chip" Nagel LTC Greg Henning SGT Gregory Lawritson SP5 Mark Kuzinski LTC (Join to see)
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LTC Stephen F.
Joan Of Arc Remembered Aka Orleans Honour The Maid (1939)
Full titles read: "JOAN OF ARC REMEMBERED" L/S's of President Albert Lebrun with other statesmen being greeted by the bishop outside Orleans Cathedral in Fra...
Joan Of Arc Remembered Aka Orleans Honour The Maid (1939)
Full titles read: "JOAN OF ARC REMEMBERED"
L/S's of President Albert Lebrun with other statesmen being greeted by the bishop outside Orleans Cathedral in France. High angle shots of a service inside the enormous cathedral to honour Joan of Arc. L/S's of religious procession through the streets of the old city.
FILM ID:1009.14
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubkjDzMjOwI
Image: Illustration of Jeanne d'Arc on horseback
FYI Cynthia CroftMaj Robert Thornton SFC (Join to see) SGT Steve McFarland MSG Andrew White Maj Bill Smith, Ph.D. MSG (Join to see)COL Mikel J. Burroughs SMSgt Lawrence McCarter 1sg-dan-capriSGT Robert R.CPT Tommy Curtis Col Carl Whicker SPC Margaret HigginsSP5 Jeannie CarleSPC Chris Bayner-Cwik TSgt David L.PO1 Robert GeorgeSSG Robert Mark OdomTSgt George Rodriguez
Full titles read: "JOAN OF ARC REMEMBERED"
L/S's of President Albert Lebrun with other statesmen being greeted by the bishop outside Orleans Cathedral in France. High angle shots of a service inside the enormous cathedral to honour Joan of Arc. L/S's of religious procession through the streets of the old city.
FILM ID:1009.14
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubkjDzMjOwI
Image: Illustration of Jeanne d'Arc on horseback
FYI Cynthia CroftMaj Robert Thornton SFC (Join to see) SGT Steve McFarland MSG Andrew White Maj Bill Smith, Ph.D. MSG (Join to see)COL Mikel J. Burroughs SMSgt Lawrence McCarter 1sg-dan-capriSGT Robert R.CPT Tommy Curtis Col Carl Whicker SPC Margaret HigginsSP5 Jeannie CarleSPC Chris Bayner-Cwik TSgt David L.PO1 Robert GeorgeSSG Robert Mark OdomTSgt George Rodriguez
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LTC Stephen F.
Joan of Arc's execution and canonization
Visit my blog at: https://royaumefrance.com/ I do not open YouTube for discussion. I only discuss my videos on Facebook.
Joan of Arc's execution and canonization
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2QeZBYZzSk
FYI Cpl James R. " Jim" Gossett Jr LTC Jeff Shearer Maj Robert Thornton SGT Philip Roncari SGT (Join to see)PO3 Bob McCord SPC Douglas Bolton SSG Donald H "Don" Bates SSG William JonesSP5 Jesse EngelSPC Matthew Lamb[Capt Rich BuckleyCW4 G.L. SmithSPC Russ BoltonSPC Nancy GreeneSSG Franklin Briant1stsgt Glenn Brackin Sgt Kelli Mays Lt Col Charlie Brown Lt Col John (Jack) Christensen
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2QeZBYZzSk
FYI Cpl James R. " Jim" Gossett Jr LTC Jeff Shearer Maj Robert Thornton SGT Philip Roncari SGT (Join to see)PO3 Bob McCord SPC Douglas Bolton SSG Donald H "Don" Bates SSG William JonesSP5 Jesse EngelSPC Matthew Lamb[Capt Rich BuckleyCW4 G.L. SmithSPC Russ BoltonSPC Nancy GreeneSSG Franklin Briant1stsgt Glenn Brackin Sgt Kelli Mays Lt Col Charlie Brown Lt Col John (Jack) Christensen
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