Russia's wars in Chechnya offer a grim warning of what could be in Ukraine

https://www.npr.org/2022/03/12/ [login to see] /russias-wars-in-chechnya-offer-a-grim-warning-of-what-could-be-in-ukraine
Russia unleashes a heavy bombing campaign. Cities and towns are reduced to rubble. Thousands of civilians are killed.

Russia did this twice — against fellow Russian citizens — in Chechnya in the 1990s. That raises the question of whether Russian President Vladimir Putin is using the same playbook as he wages war in Ukraine today.