Can a commander request medical results from providers?

There are exceptions made for Military Commands. There are clear rules that manage it. If you feel that your HIPAA rights were not upheld speak to patient relations but I would walk through everything before you ring that bell because they are probably within the boundaries of Military Command Exception. https://www.health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Privacy-and-Civil-Liberties/HIPAA-Compliance-within-the-MHS/Military-Command-Exception

Medical providers will sometimes call the commander directly if there is a significant readiness or safety concern. “This Soldier should not be doing physical activity until we get a better idea of what’s going on,” “this Soldier is non-deployable due to behavioral health issues,” etc. If you were put on a temporary or permanent profile, they entered it into an automated system that the commander can view.

In short they can request and update on your health. In fact, depending on the result the physician would be obligated to disclose the primary issue. There is nothing nefarious about it.

Military commanders have the right to question the health of people in their unit, if readiness is a factor. I, nor did any Commanders I ever worked for, use it. If you feel your commander went around you and violated your rights, I would schedule office hours (or whatever you call a meeting with them) and ask them about it. Always give the commander the chance to answer if they chose to, before going outside the unit for resolution. If you aren't provided reasonable response, then you can go to your health provider and talk to them about next steps.

I hope you are okay, and everything works out.

Your commander is responsible for the readiness and state of his unit. Your health condition affects that. He has a right to inquire as to your health state but the information he or she can obtain is limited. They do not need your authorization for this but do require it if there is a broader disclosure to be made.