Experienced USAREC Personnel: Are there any special provisions for a former KATUSA, currently on a Student Visa, to enlist in the Army?

Refer your question to Army Regulation 601-210. As far as I remember from my recruiting days, only those who have a "green card" (permanent resident) can start the recruiting process. Student visa is not the same.

Ask your center leader, if he doesn’t know have him contact your 1SG, if he doesn’t know then ask him to contact your Ops section, if they don’t know they will call Policy.
I’m in Ops and off the top of my head I don’t know. There are a lot of programs as someone else said so use your chain and you will get your answer.

If for some reason you are trying to avoid using your chain, you can get on FB to the USAREC recruiting forum and post your question. Some of USAREC’s top dogs- the guys that approve and disapprove your waivers and ETP’s, send out USAREC messages etc- are on there. You could get lucky and one of them will see and answer your question. Other wise you risk barracks room lawyer answers

I am curious if the potential enlistee would still serve in the same MOS that he did as KATUSA. If I understand the program correctly, these augmentees were OTJ'd. Are they officially awarded that MOS and will this Soldier have to go to official -10 level training to be MOSQ for the billet he is assigned to.

I would imagine they still have to follow he current rules for non-citizen enlistment in the US Army. I believe it is a total of 8 years. Will the KATSU assignment count against that total time? I wish I had more ways to answer you.