How can I get a copy of my awards that I earned in Korea and were subsequently lost (I already sent paperwork to St. Louis)?

You can go through S-1, you can send in SF 180 to the VA, or get a copy of your DD-214. If you find out your 214 is incorrect or missing awards you can submit to have it corrected with DD-215 I believe. There's other ways I bet.

Fill out and send in a SF (Standard Form) 180

Have You checked with DA Mil PerCen