How will a DUI 5 years ago affect future promotions or retention?

5 years ago? Your odds are better as a SGT than what they'd be if you were a SSG. Depending on where the stuff was filed, it could sting or not.

You should definitely sit down and read the information on HRC Enlisted Promotions page on how centralized boards work and how you are graded. Then review your professional development map and review the da Pam for what your MOS requires for critical development time.

Speaking to SGMs who have sat on the board, the further distance between you and the GOMOR the better you'll be rated. However, it's there forever and every single board member must review it. You can probably get the GOMOR moved to your restricted file, but it's still going to be on your 1059.

Aside from the GOMOR itself, the DUI will prevent you from taking certain broadening assignments you may need to be more competitive than your peers for promotion

MSG (Join to see) thoughts?
In the AF much depends on your commander and your duty performance. I saw enlisted have early DUIs and go on to E7 or E8.