What are the issued equipment at my first duty duty station that I can keep?

On your clothing record, it will indicate what you turn in at PCS, what you carry forward, and what you can ETS with. What you ETS with is ultimately what you keep, generally it's going to be your ECWCS silks and waffles, some gloves and other minor things that will likely have been heavily used anyways.

Laundry bag.

Print out your CIF HR off AKO. There are columns that indicate whether you PCS with it or you can ETS with it. Double check with CIF. There have been “discrepancies” before.

You can't keep any of the gear or TA50. You can keep the items that go next to your skin like thermal underwear, eye pro, neck gator, boots, beret etc.
You will be allowed to keep most of the gear you are issued when you PCS now. Previously you had to turn in everything every time you moved. Now you just turn it in when you separate. The only time you'll be allowed to keep gear is if it becomes obsolete. They will still ask for it back, but you won't be charged if you don't turn it in. For instance, I had a few desert camouflage and BDU items I tried to turn in and they no longer accept.

As far as I remember, any gear assigned to you has to be turned back in if, and when you transfer to another post, or ETS out

You can keep all of it, but you will also pay for it if you do. Sometimes youll pay more than the original cost too.

When I was serving, all we could keep was our personal clothing, boots, duffel bag and laundry bag (as mentioned by 1SG Stu E)....everything else goes back.

When I first read this, it struck me as an odd question. Were you planning on keeping certain gear to sell later?
Government Issue means just that...the government issues it to you, then you give it back....(minus uniforms, underwear and boots)

The same old same old stuff u get from cif. Nothing special

As soon as you can, look at your Clothing Record thru AKO. On that roster of items, look to the FAR RIGHT. There will be a column that says ETS Transfer. If there is a Y then you keep that item. If there is an N then you turn that item in. Other than that, you will be told what equipment you will be issued/signing for that you will have to turn back in when you ETS or PCS.