Introducing the Leibnizes

On October 29, 1675, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz made the first use of the long s, ∫, for integral, helping discover integral and differential calculus. From the article:

"Arguably the most famous scientific controversy of all time was between Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz over who invented calculus.

Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1726) was an English mathematician and physicist who is recognized as one of the most influential scientists who ever lived. As well as inventing calculus he discovered the law of gravity, laid the foundations of classical mechanics, made major contributions to the theory of optics and formulated a law of cooling. As Master of the Mint under three monarchs, Newton founded the gold standard, which was the core of the international monetary system for almost 200 years.

Newton first used calculus methods in a manuscript published in 1666. The methods were used in his book Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, which was published in 1687. He completed his book on calculus, Method of Fluxions, in 1671, but did not publish it until 1736.

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646–1716) was a German mathematician and philosopher. In 1675 he used integral calculus to find the area under a curve and introduced the elongated S, written ∫, that we use to represent an integral, and