Can I do anything to change my orders after reenlistment?

Personal responsibility is foremost here..
The option YOU reenlisted for was written on the document in plain English, not code.
It said
Regular Army Reenlistment Option 1
or
Current Station Stabilization Reenlistment Option 2
The document you signed had everything you needed to know on it, did you read it?
The reality of what each reenlistment options gets you are readily available to all...so yes, it was YOUR responsibility to research what you wanted from your reenlistment.

So after that...
Option 2, Current Station Stabilization Reenlistment Option only guarantees 1-12 months at that unit, after that you are needs of the Army... its not unheard of for an SM to get PCS orders 5-6-7- months after reenlisting Option 2. So your not out all that much with option 2.
Lastly before you start tossing around "He lied to me" keep in mind, people HEAR what they want to hear, not alway what is said. Thats why its always best to follow up verbal conversations with an email or letter so both parties can agree with what was said is what was heard.. Or better, a verbal agreement is codified in a contract document to be read by both parties before being signed and becoming a valid agreement.

My opinion, you learned a valuable lesson that only cost you some hard feelings..... You did not lose your life or life of another, no lost wages or job, not a single person was harmed in your mistake and life lesson.
I agree and understand it SUCKS,,,, you were looking forward to A and you signed up for B, thats frustrating and disappointing.. but it is what it is.
If you really feel you were intentionally lied to with forethought and malice, go see the commander. Reenlistment is a commanders program, though their designated representative the retention NCO. If the NCO is lying to achieve unit goals, that is a direct reflection on the commander ,,,and likely they will not take that well. However, have your facts and evidence documents all lined up before accusing someone and taking it to the commander.

Be careful when accusing someone of lying. Lying indicates intent to mislead you. That's hard to prove even if it's true. Is there a chance that there was just a misunderstanding? Or maybe they meant well but were just wrong about something. Either way, the onus is on you to make sure your paperwork says what it's supposed to say before you sign it. So talk to your chain of command but keep it respectful and don't accuse anyone of anything you aren't able to prove. Admit your mistake ("I didn't do my research..."). If they can help, great. If not, chalk it up to life teaching you a lesson and move on. Life can be a cruel teacher and at sometime or another, we're all students of it.

As long as you have not burnt your bridges it is as simple as some paperwork to make corrections to your reenlistment paperwork. I personally had to do this when I reenlisted and found out after the fact that I was eligible for a bonus. There is a process to make corrections to a reenlistment

So you are saying that you didn't read the contract when it came time to sign... SMH.
You are killing me, Sergeant.
At this point, your best bet is to try to amend the contract, which if the Retention folks were honest about and forgot to enclose, shouldn't be too hard.

Well, every time I re-enlisted, the Retention NCO and I sat down and went over EVERYTHING written on the contract. I didn't initial or sign unless what I was to be getting was supposed to be written down.

This begs two questions. One, have you talked to Retention, and what did they say?

And two, the obvious one on everyone's mind... Every soldier knows to always verify in writing. Why didn't you check the contract?

First of all, take a deep breath and calm down. Is it possible to talk with your 1SG? Let all those involved know what You hope to achieve in your career. Talking things out is the first step to fixing a situation.

Okay, let's see here. You're a SGT, you should know what the hell you're doing. Well at least I hope you are. It sounds like to me that you did not read your contract. For Christ sakes, you're suppose to be a NCO, so take some responsibility for your actions. You weren't lied too, you were just to damn lazy to read your contract. What, were you thinking that you would have a lower enlisted do that job for you? If I was your CO, I'd bust you down to a slick sleeve for being stupid. If you can't take the full responsibility to read a simple contract, you don't have the responsibility to lead troops.

Duty Honor Country is why you re enlist!
Everything else is a perk!
HOOAH!

I will say that before enlisting I was told by a friend, get everything in writing, and read it twice. Make sure you understand everything before you sign, or you lose all bargaining chips. I took that to heart! I got the best contract I could, and made sure I understood each word. Every word was true, and nothing was misrepresented by my recruiter, he did outstanding. The same held true for each of my reenlistments. I learned what the options were, what suited me best, and made sure I read each contract. I never once had a misrepresentation because I knew what I was signing. I taught all my soldiers the same, read those contracts, if you don't you can't complain. I served 24 years and your needs are not why the army needs you, make it fit so you benefit.