Do cadets actually outrank non-commissioned officers?

LOL... They still have their momma's milk on their breath. Humility is a beautiful thing for leaders, especially young ones that have no practical experience.

No

How is it possible that "Cadet" who are civilians and taken no oath of office out rank a Noncommissioned Officer? Let's say for the purpose of training scenarios they are placed in an Officers position, then and only then will that Cadet with be put above the NCO. (With clear training guidance and guidelines)

Don't know the answer and don't care. What I do know is that 99% of NCOs know more than most cadets will learn during 4 years of any military academy. If it were not for many of NCOs that I served with I probably would not have earned my 'eagle"! I gave one of my silver oak leaf's to my CSM when I was promoted to LTC. He earned it!

A cadet gets paid at the grade of E-5 for Federal OCS and E-6 for state.
You do the math.
I guess it really depends on the situation, but I bet the Cadet will lose.

Back when I was a senior AFROTC cadet, we were E-1s in the AF reserve. Is this no longer true?

I went thru this on a midshipmen cruise when I was on the USS John S. McCain DL-3. I bet a middy that I could do more pushups than there best guy. If I won they called me Mr and if they won I made and served them coffee every day of the cruise. I did 20 pushups with each arm and with both arms for a total of 80. What they didn't know was that I had weight lifting for 3 years. I won.

no there not full in the army

Cadets are still in training and the NCOs are the trainers

2009... I'm an E-1 fuzzy at Airborne School. Just out of Basic. I was also a late-life entry at 37-years-old. First cycle of the summer taking in cadets. We're informed that the cadets technically outrank the enlisted, being in school to be officers. From out of the mouths of at least a few of the cadets, they felt weird that especially seasoned RA, most notably NCO's, were required by customs and courtesies to address them as "sir/ma'am."
It's a courtesy granted based on the expectation of where their educational path is taking them. In many ways, in Basic, all recruits are considered "privates," but those who have been granted a rank up to specialist are allowed to wear their rank. It's a courtesy, but without those more overt little commissioned officer privileges granted to cadets. A similar policy is in place for BLC (formerly WLC) where attendees are referred to as "sergeant" for the duration of their stay. Some, especially any privates (usually PFC), get swelled heads and try to lord it over actual sergeants when they had their turns in leadership roles during the school. That was when I was in up to 2016.

It is interesting to see when cadets or even new officers get uppity with high-ranking NCO's, particularly 1SG's and CSM's. Popcorn worthy, indeed! I'm pretty sure cadets are more reluctant to make the assumption about where they are in the pecking order. And, it's more common for the new officers to make the assumption, but is still rare.