Foreign wife, having some issues with getting established. Any advice?

What is her ethnic background? There might be a Meetup in your area that would assist her in acclimating.

Also, check with your local library, they may have English conversation groups for those for whom English is a second (or subsequent) language.

If you are overseas there are usually spouse groups who provide a lot of support and orientation. I'd also suggest having her watch AFRTS to learn military culture. If you are in the States there are civilian ESL classes offered at night and Family Services might have some programs. Also, there are computer assisted learning programs like Rosetta Stone or free apps like Duo Lingo that can really boost language skills.

You are on the right track as you already stated American culture and Army culture. We have a lot of sub cultures in the US. In my view it is about exposure and immersion with the language, culture, people, holidays, traditions and so on.

Employment. My wife is Hungarian and a former English teacher in Hungary. Before she was a US citizen she volunteered at ACS twice per week. Its better than doing nothing and it can be used in a resume. Now she tutors Hungarian on post here in Anchorage.

One of the best ways to learn a language is to go out and do it. There is also Duolingo http://www.duolingo.com as an option for learning language. I use it for Italian and my kids for Spanish.

Groups are a plus. We have many circles of friends here in Alaska. One of them my wife calls the Hungarian Club (non-military). They can cook some serious dishes when its party time. But the best is these ladies cracked the code from their Hungarian lances into the American culture.