Should employers acknowledge in the job description anything that can effect applicants with PTSD issues?

I don't think they can legally ask you. Good news is you got the job. I hope you can get use to the artillery range and that it helps you to deal with your PTSD. Turn struggle into strength.

A reasonable person could assume working on a military installation you will hear artillery detonations, and other explosions if that is part of the mission of that installation. As an applicant you would have a level of responsibility to research where the job is, and if you have a disability that falls under the ADA, do you need any reasonable accommodations from your employer. If the accommodation request would be a hardship to the employer, or unreasonable, they would not have to grant your request.

I understand they cannot legally ask you about your condition but I just think they should mention the issue in the job description. I have been deployed multiple times and consider myself to be well adjusted. But I do have my issues and sometimes the fight or flight feeling kicks in and it can really make the day very difficult. I have spoken to my employer and expressed my discomfort and asked them that in the future when they are holding interviews to at least mention the fact that there is a range nearby so its not a surprise to an unsuspecting employee.