What do you do when a soldier refuses to listen to your directions?

A couple of observations for you....
1. As a sergeant, you should not have to ask that question in this forum. Perhaps you need to familiarize yourself with your rank, authority, and responsibilities.
2. Read this..... https://www.thebalancecareers.com/punitive-articles-of-the-ucmj-3356858 and if you still have questions, talk to the JAG office.
3. You might want to inquire whether or not the individual has a medical condition that requires them to wear sunglasses (photophobia).
4. You apparently don't have the respect of that individual and I don't need to know the reason(s) for that. Regardless, he/she should show the proper respect for your rank and uniform.
5. Not really enough information for anyone to provide you with a 100% suggestive course to correct this situation.
6. Grow a pair and lead!

This guy is circling the drain and has issues. The Army may not be in his future much longer. Article 15, eventual discharge either by ETS or under less than honorable circumstances unless he suddenly sees the light. The Army isn't for everyone.

I'm not familiar with Army lingo, so I'll speak Marine.
_I would ask if he understood my order. If not I would explain it to him and re-issue the order. If he did not comply...
_I would ask if there was some legitimate reason for him to refuse to comply. If there was not a legitimate reason...
_I would inform him that refusal to follow a legal order could result in a NJP or a court martial and that the effects of that court martial could range from extra military instruction, restriction to quarters, loss of rank and loss of pay all the way to confinement in the brig, a bad conduct discharge and loss of all veteran benefits. Then
_I would ask if he was ready to face those consequences. Then
_I would let it rain fire and $#!* and hopefully the command would bounce his ass after a very public court martial. There ain't no stopping the train now.

There is what I think and what I know.

What I think is that the Soldier is testing this NCO, and he/she needs to pass the test. Backing down is not an option. If I get in my way-back machine to my E-5 days, I think my (then-less developed) creative juices would get flowing. The immediate thing would be that those sunglasses would be removed from the face of the offending party, and placed in a secure combination locked place. Then a series of feats would be performed to earn the combination numbers, some of which that would require the cooperation of the squad - as well as some, shall we say, alone time with them. A little land-nav scavenger hunt, a hike and climb to the top of a remote fire tower, some Where's Waldo in the motor pool... stuff like that. I would imagine that mind-sets would be properly adjusted at the end of the Seven Labors of Specialist Johnny Cage.

What I know is that in any formation that I have ever been a part of, SGT Healy would not be alone in dealing with this box of rocks. Every NCO in that formation would get in joe's ass and explain it to him in terms he'd understand. Indeed, it is quite likely the Specialist Mafia would send a couple of Turks over to explain it to him in the next 24 hours as well.

No officer in their right mind would go near this. Even if you go the PC route and document this incident on paper for some more senior leader(s) to handle, the right thing to do is keep this as NCO business. If for some reason this travels remotely near the PL or Company CP, you have admitted failure as a junior leader. 1SG Healy, should he get wind of such a fiasco, would be spending at least as much time on the NCO involved as the offender.

After getting past the fact that Marines are pictures and the question refers to soldiers, you have the ignorant subordinate drop and continue doing push-ups, flutter kicks, mountain climbers, planks, over and over during what will be an extremely long formation. Some people only understand through physical examples of learning. As “wall-to-wall” counselings are deemed barbaric nowadays this serves as a great first step. Charge sheets, njps, all too harsh of punishment for the ‘crime.’ He’s making a statement in front of others, so are you!

Mind you, I was in a long time ago, but back then, a couple things would've happened. If GI'ing the dumpster didn't make a dent, the individual was assigned to "laundry detail." The soldier would report after hours to the supply room. Waiting there would be several cadre who'd administer an "attitude adjustment." Laundry bags would be stacked against the walls to prevent injury should anybody accidentally bump into them. Don't know if you could do that now, but back in the day, it worked.

Disobeying a lawful order. Article 15.

THAT question almost REQUIRES an illegal response, in COMBAT ARMS positions. I was a night person ,BUT I also would not wear them in formations,because I KNEW BETTER and the response FROM DOING so ,would be a destruction of property. IT IS the ARMY.

I love how these sorts of questions always bring out the tough guys who believe that bullying is the same as leadership.

It wouldn't hurt to actually counsel your soldier. Inform said service member to see you after formation to address this concern. From the front leaning rest. There are a number of reasons why the glasses may be on (lost auth. pair/ migraine, recovering from eye strain). Going nuclear (UCMJ) isn't always best for your team chemistry.