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PO1 William "Chip" Nagel
..."Born in Cleveland and raised in Shaker Heights, Ohio, Ayler first learned the alto saxophone from his father; he cut his teeth in church and joined blues harmonica player Little Walter's band as a teenager. He fell in love with martial music — fanfares, marches and bugle calls — as an enlisted member of the United States Army on assignment in France. (That's also where Ayler switched to tenor.) He briefly moved to Stockholm where he sat in on Cecil Taylor's band — some of those recordings can be on Holy Ghost: Rare & Unissued Recordings (1962-70).

But in 1963, Ayler had moved to New York City where he became an outlaw of avant-garde jazz. He'd overblow his instrument, growling — yet somehow, also grinning — into his horn. On albums like Spirits and Spiritual Unity (both released on ESP-Disk'), his music didn't sprawl so much as constantly explode. Even at the dawn of the New Thing, Ayler's skronk and scrawl challenged the most adventurous.

Ayler's run for Impulse! Records was met with mixed reviews. 1968's Love Cry was the grand reintroduction to Ayler's firebrand, but, at the time, folks weren't sure what to make of the R&B-honkin' New Grass and the vocal-heavy, grand opus Music is the Healing Force of the Universe, both co-written with his manager and romantic partner Mary Parks. Black musicians then, as now, weren't afforded the freedom to exist in several spaces; you could be jazz, R&B, rock, blues or gospel, but rarely all at once.

Albert Ayler wanted to make unapologetic, all-encompassing, sublime and joyful music. The world was not ready. But at Fondation Maeght in 1970, those seemingly disparate worlds achieved spiritual unity.

Fondation Maeght is a modern art museum established in 1964 by Marguerite and Aimé Maeght outside Nice, France. Its musical advisor at the time, Daniel Caux, was an early advocate for American free jazz and minimalism. In a program dubbed Nuits de la Fondation Maeght, Caux booked the Sun Ra Arkestra, Terry Riley, La Monte Young and the Merce Cunningham Ballet to perform in a newly constructed geodesic dome that shared grounds with sculptures by Joan Miró, Alexander Calder and Alberto Giacometti. For American musicians used to playing dive bars and dusty lofts for gas money, here was an opportunity for forward-thinking sound sculptors to match their physical environment in deluxe style and accommodations, not to mention receive the ecstatic appreciation of European listeners, more eager than most for this music.

Albert Ayler's band at Fondation Maeght was a mix of regulars — Mary Parks (soprano saxophone, vocals) and Call Cobbs (piano) — and newcomers — Steve Tintweiss (bass) and Allen Blairman (drums). In Revelations' liner notes, Tintweiss' account proves crucial to understanding these concerts and the character of Ayler. The bassist had played on ESP-Disk' albums by Patty Waters, Frank Wright and Burton Greene, and sat in on a Greene gig with Ayler at Slugs' Saloon in Manhattan — that's why, when another bassist dipped out of the Fondation Maeght gig, Tintweiss was the first call. "There was no sheet music," he recalls, "no rehearsals. He just said, 'You start off with the bass and I'll come in and we'll take it from there.'"..."
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