Posted on Jun 13, 2023
The Black Codes: Legalizing Racism (Black Culture)
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The Black Codes: Legalizing Racism (Black Culture)...
" Mar 24, 2023 #BlackCulture #BlackHistory #BlackLiterature
The end of the Civil War marked the end of slavery for 4 million black Southerners. But the war also left them landless and with little money to support themselves. White Southerners, seeking to control the freedmen or former slaves, devised special state law codes. These laws were known as The Southern “Black Codes”
To understand the Black Codes, we need to go back to the end of the Civil War. With the Confederacy defeated, and slavery abolished, millions of African Americans were suddenly free from bondage. But freedom alone was not enough to guarantee their rights and equality. The former slave-owning states in the South were determined to maintain white supremacy and prevent black Americans from gaining political, economic, and social power.
Enter the Black Codes. These state laws aimed to control and restrict the behavior of newly freed slaves. The Black Codes varied from state to state, but they shared a common purpose: to enforce a system of racial segregation and subordination. They were designed to limit the rights of black Americans, such as the right to vote, own property, testify in court, or even move freely.
In this video, we're going to dive into the dark history of The Black Codes and racial segregation that continues to remain a stain in the history of the United States.
After the end of the Civil War, the United States was left in a state of turmoil. The Southern states were devastated, and the country as a whole was struggling to recover. The newly freed Black Americans were in a precarious position, as they were suddenly thrust into a world that was hostile and unwelcoming.
Five days after the Civil War ended, President Abraham Lincoln was shot. He died on April 15, 1865, and Vice President Andrew Johnson assumed the presidency. The task of reuniting the nation fell on his shoulders. A Southerner, Johnson favored readmitting the Southern states as quickly as possible into the Union. He appointed military governors who held complete power in the former Confederate states until new civilian governments could be organized.
Little thought had been given to the needs of the newly emancipated slaves. Shortly before the end of the war, Congress created the Freedmen’s Bureau. It furnished food and medical aid to the former slaves. It also established schools for the freedmen. By 1870, a quarter million black children and adults attended more than 4,000 of these schools in the South.
The Freedmen’s Bureau also helped the former slaves in the workplace. It tried to make sure that the former slaves received fair wages and freely chose their employers. The bureau created special courts to settle disputes between black workers and their white employers. It could also intervene in other cases that threatened the rights of freedmen.
White Southerners resented being ruled by Union military governors and Freedmen’s Bureau officials. They sought to restore self-rule. During the summer and fall of 1865, most of the old Confederate states held constitutional conventions. President Johnson’s reconstruction plan permitted only white persons to vote for convention delegates or to participate in the framing of the new state governments. Not surprisingly, none of the state conventions considered extending the right to vote to the freedmen. South Carolina’s provisional governor declared at his state constitutional convention that “this is a white man’s government.”
By the end of the year, most of the South had held elections under the new state constitutions. Often, ex-Confederate leaders won elections for state government offices and for U.S. Congress.
The newly formed state legislatures quickly authorized many needed public projects and the taxes to pay for them. Among these projects was the creation, for the first time in the South, of free public education. But the public schools excluded black children.
Welcome to Black Journals, a channel dedicated to exploring and sharing the rich history, literature, and culture of the African American community. Our channel takes a deep dive into the pages of black journals and uncovers the hidden stories and untold truths of the black experience.
From the harrowing legacy of the Atlantic slave trade to the powerful impact of black literature and the black narrative, we shine a light on the unwritten history and the stories that have been overlooked or suppressed. We celebrate the black legacy and the resilience of the African diaspora, as well as the activism and political history of African Americans in their ongoing fight for justice and equality.
Our channel also explores the beauty and creativity of black art, literature, and culture, offering a platform for African American voices and perspectives to be heard and appreciated. Come along with us as we turn the pages of black journals and uncover the pages of Black Pages of History."
" Mar 24, 2023 #BlackCulture #BlackHistory #BlackLiterature
The end of the Civil War marked the end of slavery for 4 million black Southerners. But the war also left them landless and with little money to support themselves. White Southerners, seeking to control the freedmen or former slaves, devised special state law codes. These laws were known as The Southern “Black Codes”
To understand the Black Codes, we need to go back to the end of the Civil War. With the Confederacy defeated, and slavery abolished, millions of African Americans were suddenly free from bondage. But freedom alone was not enough to guarantee their rights and equality. The former slave-owning states in the South were determined to maintain white supremacy and prevent black Americans from gaining political, economic, and social power.
Enter the Black Codes. These state laws aimed to control and restrict the behavior of newly freed slaves. The Black Codes varied from state to state, but they shared a common purpose: to enforce a system of racial segregation and subordination. They were designed to limit the rights of black Americans, such as the right to vote, own property, testify in court, or even move freely.
In this video, we're going to dive into the dark history of The Black Codes and racial segregation that continues to remain a stain in the history of the United States.
After the end of the Civil War, the United States was left in a state of turmoil. The Southern states were devastated, and the country as a whole was struggling to recover. The newly freed Black Americans were in a precarious position, as they were suddenly thrust into a world that was hostile and unwelcoming.
Five days after the Civil War ended, President Abraham Lincoln was shot. He died on April 15, 1865, and Vice President Andrew Johnson assumed the presidency. The task of reuniting the nation fell on his shoulders. A Southerner, Johnson favored readmitting the Southern states as quickly as possible into the Union. He appointed military governors who held complete power in the former Confederate states until new civilian governments could be organized.
Little thought had been given to the needs of the newly emancipated slaves. Shortly before the end of the war, Congress created the Freedmen’s Bureau. It furnished food and medical aid to the former slaves. It also established schools for the freedmen. By 1870, a quarter million black children and adults attended more than 4,000 of these schools in the South.
The Freedmen’s Bureau also helped the former slaves in the workplace. It tried to make sure that the former slaves received fair wages and freely chose their employers. The bureau created special courts to settle disputes between black workers and their white employers. It could also intervene in other cases that threatened the rights of freedmen.
White Southerners resented being ruled by Union military governors and Freedmen’s Bureau officials. They sought to restore self-rule. During the summer and fall of 1865, most of the old Confederate states held constitutional conventions. President Johnson’s reconstruction plan permitted only white persons to vote for convention delegates or to participate in the framing of the new state governments. Not surprisingly, none of the state conventions considered extending the right to vote to the freedmen. South Carolina’s provisional governor declared at his state constitutional convention that “this is a white man’s government.”
By the end of the year, most of the South had held elections under the new state constitutions. Often, ex-Confederate leaders won elections for state government offices and for U.S. Congress.
The newly formed state legislatures quickly authorized many needed public projects and the taxes to pay for them. Among these projects was the creation, for the first time in the South, of free public education. But the public schools excluded black children.
Welcome to Black Journals, a channel dedicated to exploring and sharing the rich history, literature, and culture of the African American community. Our channel takes a deep dive into the pages of black journals and uncovers the hidden stories and untold truths of the black experience.
From the harrowing legacy of the Atlantic slave trade to the powerful impact of black literature and the black narrative, we shine a light on the unwritten history and the stories that have been overlooked or suppressed. We celebrate the black legacy and the resilience of the African diaspora, as well as the activism and political history of African Americans in their ongoing fight for justice and equality.
Our channel also explores the beauty and creativity of black art, literature, and culture, offering a platform for African American voices and perspectives to be heard and appreciated. Come along with us as we turn the pages of black journals and uncover the pages of Black Pages of History."
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The Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws
After the United States Civil War, state governments that had been part of the Confederacy tried to limit the voting rights of black citizens and prevent contact between black and white citizens in public places.
Black codes and Jim Crow laws were laws passed at different periods in the southern United States to enforce racial segregation and curtail the power of black voters.
After the Civil War ended in 1865, some states passed black codes that severely limited the rights of black people, many of whom had been enslaved. These codes limited what jobs African Americans could hold, and their ability to leave a job once hired. Some states also restricted the kind of property black people could own.
The Reconstruction Act of 1867 weakened the effect of the black codes by requiring all states to uphold equal protection under the 14th Amendment, particularly by enabling black men to vote. (U.S. law prevented women of any race from voting in federal elections until 1920.)
During Reconstruction, many black men participated in politics by voting and by holding office.
Reconstruction officially ended in 1877, and southern states then enacted more discriminatory laws. Efforts to enforce white supremacy by legislation increased, and African Americans tried to assert their rights through legal challenges. However, this effort led to a disappointing result in 1896, when the Supreme Court ruled, in Plessy v. Ferguson, that so-called “separate but equal” facilities—including public transport and schools—were constitutional. From this time until the Civil Rights Act of 1964, discrimination and segregation were legal and enforceable.
One of the first reactions against Reconstruction was to deprive African-American men of their voting rights. While the 14th and 15th Amendments prevented state legislatures from directly making it illegal to vote, they devised a number of indirect measures to disenfranchise black men. The grandfather clause said that a man could only vote if his ancestor had been a voter before 1867—but the ancestors of most African-Americans citizens had been enslaved and constitutionally ineligible to vote. Another discriminatory tactic was the literacy test, applied by a white county clerk. These clerks gave black voters extremely difficult legal documents to read as a test, while white men received an easy text.
Finally, in many places, white local government officials simply prevented potential voters from registering. By 1940, the percentage of eligible African-American voters registered in the South was only three percent. As evidence of the decline, during Reconstruction, the percentage of African-American voting-age men registered to vote was more than 90 percent.
SOURCE :
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/black-codes-and-jim-crow-laws/
The Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws
After the United States Civil War, state governments that had been part of the Confederacy tried to limit the voting rights of black citizens and prevent contact between black and white citizens in public places.
Black codes and Jim Crow laws were laws passed at different periods in the southern United States to enforce racial segregation and curtail the power of black voters.
After the Civil War ended in 1865, some states passed black codes that severely limited the rights of black people, many of whom had been enslaved. These codes limited what jobs African Americans could hold, and their ability to leave a job once hired. Some states also restricted the kind of property black people could own.
The Reconstruction Act of 1867 weakened the effect of the black codes by requiring all states to uphold equal protection under the 14th Amendment, particularly by enabling black men to vote. (U.S. law prevented women of any race from voting in federal elections until 1920.)
During Reconstruction, many black men participated in politics by voting and by holding office.
Reconstruction officially ended in 1877, and southern states then enacted more discriminatory laws. Efforts to enforce white supremacy by legislation increased, and African Americans tried to assert their rights through legal challenges. However, this effort led to a disappointing result in 1896, when the Supreme Court ruled, in Plessy v. Ferguson, that so-called “separate but equal” facilities—including public transport and schools—were constitutional. From this time until the Civil Rights Act of 1964, discrimination and segregation were legal and enforceable.
One of the first reactions against Reconstruction was to deprive African-American men of their voting rights. While the 14th and 15th Amendments prevented state legislatures from directly making it illegal to vote, they devised a number of indirect measures to disenfranchise black men. The grandfather clause said that a man could only vote if his ancestor had been a voter before 1867—but the ancestors of most African-Americans citizens had been enslaved and constitutionally ineligible to vote. Another discriminatory tactic was the literacy test, applied by a white county clerk. These clerks gave black voters extremely difficult legal documents to read as a test, while white men received an easy text.
Finally, in many places, white local government officials simply prevented potential voters from registering. By 1940, the percentage of eligible African-American voters registered in the South was only three percent. As evidence of the decline, during Reconstruction, the percentage of African-American voting-age men registered to vote was more than 90 percent.
SOURCE :
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/black-codes-and-jim-crow-laws/
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CPL LaForest Gray
The Racist History of the 2nd Amendment
The 2nd Amendment has a not so surprising racist agenda. Kyla Frank breaks it down on Rebel HQ.Follow Kyla on Twitter - https://twitter.com/missla_k1#KylaFra...
https://youtu.be/y_O6ytuD0SQ
ALL United States of America Major Political Parties have embraced and supported racist legislation throughout the history of the USA.
White Bigoted, Hateful, Prejudice, Racist, Insecure, Underdeveloped Mentally & Emotionally Unstable People and their established political, social, economic, judicial systems/institutions have written racist bills, legislation and laws based on racism …. As a FACT.
P.S.
The U.S. has a 5 party system ….
America has a 5 Party Political System :
The two major parties + the other 3
* Democratic Party.
* Republican Party.
* Libertarian Party.
* Green Party.
* Constitution Party.
(All political parties has had kkk membership/members)
———————————————
“Racist Gun Laws and the Second Amendment”
For a significant portion of American history, gun laws bore the ugly taint of racism.
1.) The founding generation that wrote the Second Amendment had racist gun laws, including prohibitions on the possession or carrying of firearms by Black people, whether free or enslaved.
2.) A Florida law in 1825 authorized white people to “enter into all Negro houses” and “lawfully seize and take away all such arms, weapons, and ammunition.”
3.) In Dred Scott v. Sandford,
4.) Chief Justice Roger Taney argued that one reason Black people could not be citizens under the Constitution was that it “would give to persons of the negro race” the right “to keep and carry arms wherever they went.”
5.) After the Civil War, the Black Codes enacted in the South made it a crime for a Black person to have a gun.
6.) Even facially neutral laws were used in a racially discriminatory fashion; Martin Luther King Jr. was denied a concealed carry permit even after his house was firebombed.
7.) For much of American history, gun rights did not extend to Black people and gun control was often enacted to limit access to guns by people of color.
SOURCE : https://harvardlawreview.org/forum/vol-135/racist-gun-laws-and-the-second-amendment/
2.) JURISPRUDENCE
“The Second Amendment Is Not Intended for Black People”
Tracing the racist history of gun governance.
BY DAHLIA LITHWICK
AUG 03, 20212:27 PM
SOURCE : https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/08/second-amendment-guns-racist-black-americans-history.html
3.) RACE | FRESH AIR
Historian Uncovers The Racist Roots Of The 2nd Amendment
Carol Anderson says the Second Amendment was designed to ensure slave owners could quickly crush any rebellion or resistance from those they'd enslaved. Her new book is The Second.
Do Black people have full Second Amendment rights?
That's the question historian Carol Anderson set out to answer after Minnesota police killed Philando Castile, a Black man with a license to carry a gun, during a 2016 traffic stop.
"Here was a Black man who was pulled over by the police, and the police officer asked to see his identification. Philando Castile, using the NRA guidelines, alerts to the officer that he has a licensed weapon with him," she says. "[And] the police officer began shooting."
* On Black people's access to arms after the American Revolution
* You saw incredible restrictions being put in place about limiting access to arms. And this is across the board for free Blacks and, particularly, for the enslaved. And with each uprising, the laws became even more strict, even more definitive, about who could and who could not bear arms. And so free Blacks were particularly proscribed. And so we see this, for instance, in Georgia, where Georgia had a law that restricted the carrying of guns.
* On the Founding Fathers' fear of a slave revolt, which was stoked by the Haitian Revolution
When Haiti began to overthrow the French colonial masters and were seizing that country for themselves, when Blacks were seizing that country for themselves, the violence of the Haitian Revolution, the existence of the Haitian Revolution, just sent basically an earthquake of fear throughout the United States. You had George Washington lamenting the violence. You had Thomas Jefferson talking about [how] he was fearful that those ideas over there, if they get here, it's going to be fire. You had James Madison worried. ...
Whites ... were fleeing Haiti and were bringing their enslaved populations with them, their enslaved people with them. ...
[There was a fear that] the ideas that these Black Haitians would have, that somehow those ideas of revolution, those ideas of racial justice, those ideas of freedom and democracy would just metastasize throughout Virginia's Black enslaved population and cause a revolt.
You had that same fear coming out of Baltimore that then began to open up the public armory to whites, saying, "You are justified in being armed because they're bringing too many of these Black Haitians, these enslaved Haitians, up here who have these ideas that Black people can be free."
SOURCE : https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/npr/2021/06/02/ [login to see] /historian-uncovers-the-racist-roots-of-the-2nd-amendment/
ALL United States of America Major Political Parties have embraced and supported racist legislation throughout the history of the USA.
White Bigoted, Hateful, Prejudice, Racist, Insecure, Underdeveloped Mentally & Emotionally Unstable People and their established political, social, economic, judicial systems/institutions have written racist bills, legislation and laws based on racism …. As a FACT.
P.S.
The U.S. has a 5 party system ….
America has a 5 Party Political System :
The two major parties + the other 3
* Democratic Party.
* Republican Party.
* Libertarian Party.
* Green Party.
* Constitution Party.
(All political parties has had kkk membership/members)
———————————————
“Racist Gun Laws and the Second Amendment”
For a significant portion of American history, gun laws bore the ugly taint of racism.
1.) The founding generation that wrote the Second Amendment had racist gun laws, including prohibitions on the possession or carrying of firearms by Black people, whether free or enslaved.
2.) A Florida law in 1825 authorized white people to “enter into all Negro houses” and “lawfully seize and take away all such arms, weapons, and ammunition.”
3.) In Dred Scott v. Sandford,
4.) Chief Justice Roger Taney argued that one reason Black people could not be citizens under the Constitution was that it “would give to persons of the negro race” the right “to keep and carry arms wherever they went.”
5.) After the Civil War, the Black Codes enacted in the South made it a crime for a Black person to have a gun.
6.) Even facially neutral laws were used in a racially discriminatory fashion; Martin Luther King Jr. was denied a concealed carry permit even after his house was firebombed.
7.) For much of American history, gun rights did not extend to Black people and gun control was often enacted to limit access to guns by people of color.
SOURCE : https://harvardlawreview.org/forum/vol-135/racist-gun-laws-and-the-second-amendment/
2.) JURISPRUDENCE
“The Second Amendment Is Not Intended for Black People”
Tracing the racist history of gun governance.
BY DAHLIA LITHWICK
AUG 03, 20212:27 PM
SOURCE : https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/08/second-amendment-guns-racist-black-americans-history.html
3.) RACE | FRESH AIR
Historian Uncovers The Racist Roots Of The 2nd Amendment
Carol Anderson says the Second Amendment was designed to ensure slave owners could quickly crush any rebellion or resistance from those they'd enslaved. Her new book is The Second.
Do Black people have full Second Amendment rights?
That's the question historian Carol Anderson set out to answer after Minnesota police killed Philando Castile, a Black man with a license to carry a gun, during a 2016 traffic stop.
"Here was a Black man who was pulled over by the police, and the police officer asked to see his identification. Philando Castile, using the NRA guidelines, alerts to the officer that he has a licensed weapon with him," she says. "[And] the police officer began shooting."
* On Black people's access to arms after the American Revolution
* You saw incredible restrictions being put in place about limiting access to arms. And this is across the board for free Blacks and, particularly, for the enslaved. And with each uprising, the laws became even more strict, even more definitive, about who could and who could not bear arms. And so free Blacks were particularly proscribed. And so we see this, for instance, in Georgia, where Georgia had a law that restricted the carrying of guns.
* On the Founding Fathers' fear of a slave revolt, which was stoked by the Haitian Revolution
When Haiti began to overthrow the French colonial masters and were seizing that country for themselves, when Blacks were seizing that country for themselves, the violence of the Haitian Revolution, the existence of the Haitian Revolution, just sent basically an earthquake of fear throughout the United States. You had George Washington lamenting the violence. You had Thomas Jefferson talking about [how] he was fearful that those ideas over there, if they get here, it's going to be fire. You had James Madison worried. ...
Whites ... were fleeing Haiti and were bringing their enslaved populations with them, their enslaved people with them. ...
[There was a fear that] the ideas that these Black Haitians would have, that somehow those ideas of revolution, those ideas of racial justice, those ideas of freedom and democracy would just metastasize throughout Virginia's Black enslaved population and cause a revolt.
You had that same fear coming out of Baltimore that then began to open up the public armory to whites, saying, "You are justified in being armed because they're bringing too many of these Black Haitians, these enslaved Haitians, up here who have these ideas that Black people can be free."
SOURCE : https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/npr/2021/06/02/ [login to see] /historian-uncovers-the-racist-roots-of-the-2nd-amendment/
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