Posted on Aug 11, 2023
United States of Secrets, Part One (full documentary) | FRONTLINE
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NSA
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PO1 William "Chip" Nagel
..."FRONTLINE tells the inside story of the U.S. government’s massive and controversial secret surveillance program that began in the wake of September 11 -- and the lengths they went to trying to keep it hidden from the public. (Aired 2014)"...
..."FRONTLINE tells the inside story of the U.S. government’s massive and controversial secret surveillance program that began in the wake of September 11 -- and the lengths they went to trying to keep it hidden from the public. (Aired 2014)"...
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Most people in the USA were : to arrogant, too disinterested, to busy to read and comprehend both the 9/11 Commission Report and/or The PATRIOT ACT
1.) HOW THE USA PATRIOT ACT REDEFINES "DOMESTIC TERRORISM"
Section 802 of the USA PATRIOT Act (Pub. L. No. 107-52) expanded the definition of terrorism to cover ""domestic,"" as opposed to international, terrorism.
A person engages in domestic terrorism if they do an act "dangerous to human life" that is a violation of the criminal laws of a state or the United States, if the act appears to be intended to: (i) intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination or kidnapping. Additionally, the acts have to occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States and if they do not, may be regarded as international terrorism.
Section 802 does not create a new crime of domestic terrorism.
However, it does expand the type of conduct that the government can investigate when it is investigating "terrorism." The USA PATRIOT Act expanded governmental powers to investigate terrorism, and some of these powers are applicable to domestic terrorism.
The definition of domestic terrorism is broad enough to encompass the activities of several prominent activist campaigns and organizations. Greenpeace, Operation Rescue, Vieques Island and WTO protesters and the Environmental Liberation Front have all recently engaged in activities that could subject them to being investigated as engaging in domestic terrorism.
SOURCE : https://www.aclu.org/other/how-usa-patriot-act-redefines-domestic-terrorism
2.) [107th Congress Public Law 56]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office]
<DOC>
[DOCID: f:publ056.107]
[[Page 271]]
UNITING AND STRENGTHENING AMERICA BY PROVIDING APPROPRIATE TOOLS
REQUIRED TO INTERCEPT AND OBSTRUCT TERRORISM (USA PATRIOT ACT) ACT OF
2001
[[Page 115 STAT. 272]]
Public Law 107-56
107th Congress
An Act
To deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the
world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other
purposes. <<NOTE: Oct. 26, 2001 - [H.R. 3162]>>
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America <<NOTE: Uniting and Strengthening America by
Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism
(USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001.>> in Congress assembled,
SOURCE : https://www.congress.gov/107/plaws/publ56/PLAW-107publ56.htm
3.)
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism)
Congress enacted the Patriot Act by overwhelming, bipartisan margins, arming law enforcement with new tools to detect and prevent terrorism: The USA Patriot Act was passed nearly unanimously by the Senate 98-1, and 357-66 in the House, with the support of members from across the political spectrum.
The Act Improves Our Counter-Terrorism Efforts in Several Significant Ways:
1. The Patriot Act allows investigators to use the tools that were already available to investigate organized crime and drug traffickin
1a.) Allows law enforcement to use surveillance against more crimes of terror
1b.) Allows federal agents to follow sophisticated terrorists trained to evade detection.
1c.) Allows law enforcement to conduct investigations without tipping off terrorists.
1d.) Allows federal agents to ask a court for an order to obtain business records in national security terrorism cases.
2. The Patriot Act facilitated information sharing and cooperation among government agencies so that they can better "connect the dots."
3. The Patriot Act updated the law to reflect new technologies and new threats.
3a.) Allows law enforcement officials to obtain a search warrant anywhere a terrorist-related activity occurred.
3b.) Allows victims of computer hacking to request law enforcement assistance in monitoring the "trespassers" on their computers.
4. The Patriot Act increased the penalties for those who commit terrorist crimes.
4a.) Prohibits the harboring of terrorists
4b.) Enhanced the inadequate maximum penalties for various crimes likely to be committed by terrorists: including arson, destruction of energy facilities, material support to terrorists and terrorist organizations, and destruction of national-defense materials.
4c.) Enhanced a number of conspiracy penalties, including for arson, killings in federal facilities, attacking communications systems, material support to terrorists, sabotage of nuclear facilities, and interference with flight crew members. Under previous law, many terrorism statutes did not specifically prohibit engaging in conspiracies to commit the underlying offenses. In such cases, the government could only bring prosecutions under the general federal conspiracy provision, which carries a maximum penalty of only five years in prison.
The government's success in preventing another catastrophic attack on the American homeland since September 11, 2001, would have been much more difficult, if not impossible, without the USA Patriot Act. The authorities Congress provided have substantially enhanced our ability to prevent, investigate, and prosecute acts of terror.
SOURCE : https://www.justice.gov/archive/ll/highlights.htm
—————-
USA PATRIOT Act and Domestic Detention Policy
Congress should
● tighten the PATRIOT Act’s requirements for advance judicial approval and judicial review;
● impose a shorter-term sunset clause on all provisions of the PATRIOT Act;
● exclude ordinary criminal activities from coverage of the PATRIOT Act;
●establishrulesthatgoverndetentionofcitizensandnoncitizens suspected of terrorist links; and
● ensure that domestic detainees have access to counsel and judicial review
SOURCE : https://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/cato-handbook-policymakers/2003/9/hb108-12.pdf
The Rising Threat of Domestic Terrorism in the U.S. and Federal Efforts to Combat It
Posted on March 02, 2023
Domestic terrorism is on the rise. Several attacks have been widely reported in the last few years. For example, in May 2022, a racially-motivated individual shot and killed 10 people in Buffalo, New York. A 2018 attack on a Pittsburgh synagogue left 11 people dead. All but eight states across the U.S. experienced at least one incident of domestic terrorism between 2010 and 2021. And over the last 10 years, domestic terrorism-related investigations have grown by 357%.
Today’s WatchBlog post looks at our new report on the rising threat of domestic terrorism and federal efforts to combat it.
SOURCE : https://www.gao.gov/blog/rising-threat-domestic-terrorism-u.s.-and-federal-efforts-combat-it
1.) HOW THE USA PATRIOT ACT REDEFINES "DOMESTIC TERRORISM"
Section 802 of the USA PATRIOT Act (Pub. L. No. 107-52) expanded the definition of terrorism to cover ""domestic,"" as opposed to international, terrorism.
A person engages in domestic terrorism if they do an act "dangerous to human life" that is a violation of the criminal laws of a state or the United States, if the act appears to be intended to: (i) intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination or kidnapping. Additionally, the acts have to occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States and if they do not, may be regarded as international terrorism.
Section 802 does not create a new crime of domestic terrorism.
However, it does expand the type of conduct that the government can investigate when it is investigating "terrorism." The USA PATRIOT Act expanded governmental powers to investigate terrorism, and some of these powers are applicable to domestic terrorism.
The definition of domestic terrorism is broad enough to encompass the activities of several prominent activist campaigns and organizations. Greenpeace, Operation Rescue, Vieques Island and WTO protesters and the Environmental Liberation Front have all recently engaged in activities that could subject them to being investigated as engaging in domestic terrorism.
SOURCE : https://www.aclu.org/other/how-usa-patriot-act-redefines-domestic-terrorism
2.) [107th Congress Public Law 56]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office]
<DOC>
[DOCID: f:publ056.107]
[[Page 271]]
UNITING AND STRENGTHENING AMERICA BY PROVIDING APPROPRIATE TOOLS
REQUIRED TO INTERCEPT AND OBSTRUCT TERRORISM (USA PATRIOT ACT) ACT OF
2001
[[Page 115 STAT. 272]]
Public Law 107-56
107th Congress
An Act
To deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the
world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other
purposes. <<NOTE: Oct. 26, 2001 - [H.R. 3162]>>
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America <<NOTE: Uniting and Strengthening America by
Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism
(USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001.>> in Congress assembled,
SOURCE : https://www.congress.gov/107/plaws/publ56/PLAW-107publ56.htm
3.)
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism)
Congress enacted the Patriot Act by overwhelming, bipartisan margins, arming law enforcement with new tools to detect and prevent terrorism: The USA Patriot Act was passed nearly unanimously by the Senate 98-1, and 357-66 in the House, with the support of members from across the political spectrum.
The Act Improves Our Counter-Terrorism Efforts in Several Significant Ways:
1. The Patriot Act allows investigators to use the tools that were already available to investigate organized crime and drug traffickin
1a.) Allows law enforcement to use surveillance against more crimes of terror
1b.) Allows federal agents to follow sophisticated terrorists trained to evade detection.
1c.) Allows law enforcement to conduct investigations without tipping off terrorists.
1d.) Allows federal agents to ask a court for an order to obtain business records in national security terrorism cases.
2. The Patriot Act facilitated information sharing and cooperation among government agencies so that they can better "connect the dots."
3. The Patriot Act updated the law to reflect new technologies and new threats.
3a.) Allows law enforcement officials to obtain a search warrant anywhere a terrorist-related activity occurred.
3b.) Allows victims of computer hacking to request law enforcement assistance in monitoring the "trespassers" on their computers.
4. The Patriot Act increased the penalties for those who commit terrorist crimes.
4a.) Prohibits the harboring of terrorists
4b.) Enhanced the inadequate maximum penalties for various crimes likely to be committed by terrorists: including arson, destruction of energy facilities, material support to terrorists and terrorist organizations, and destruction of national-defense materials.
4c.) Enhanced a number of conspiracy penalties, including for arson, killings in federal facilities, attacking communications systems, material support to terrorists, sabotage of nuclear facilities, and interference with flight crew members. Under previous law, many terrorism statutes did not specifically prohibit engaging in conspiracies to commit the underlying offenses. In such cases, the government could only bring prosecutions under the general federal conspiracy provision, which carries a maximum penalty of only five years in prison.
The government's success in preventing another catastrophic attack on the American homeland since September 11, 2001, would have been much more difficult, if not impossible, without the USA Patriot Act. The authorities Congress provided have substantially enhanced our ability to prevent, investigate, and prosecute acts of terror.
SOURCE : https://www.justice.gov/archive/ll/highlights.htm
—————-
USA PATRIOT Act and Domestic Detention Policy
Congress should
● tighten the PATRIOT Act’s requirements for advance judicial approval and judicial review;
● impose a shorter-term sunset clause on all provisions of the PATRIOT Act;
● exclude ordinary criminal activities from coverage of the PATRIOT Act;
●establishrulesthatgoverndetentionofcitizensandnoncitizens suspected of terrorist links; and
● ensure that domestic detainees have access to counsel and judicial review
SOURCE : https://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/cato-handbook-policymakers/2003/9/hb108-12.pdf
The Rising Threat of Domestic Terrorism in the U.S. and Federal Efforts to Combat It
Posted on March 02, 2023
Domestic terrorism is on the rise. Several attacks have been widely reported in the last few years. For example, in May 2022, a racially-motivated individual shot and killed 10 people in Buffalo, New York. A 2018 attack on a Pittsburgh synagogue left 11 people dead. All but eight states across the U.S. experienced at least one incident of domestic terrorism between 2010 and 2021. And over the last 10 years, domestic terrorism-related investigations have grown by 357%.
Today’s WatchBlog post looks at our new report on the rising threat of domestic terrorism and federal efforts to combat it.
SOURCE : https://www.gao.gov/blog/rising-threat-domestic-terrorism-u.s.-and-federal-efforts-combat-it
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SURVEILLANCE UNDER THE USA/PATRIOT ACT
Section 215 of the Patriot Act violates the Constitution in several ways. It: Violates the Fourth Amendment, which says the government cannot conduct a search without obtaining a warrant and showing probable cause to believe that the person has committed or will commit a crime.
What is the "USA/Patriot" Act?
Just six weeks after the September 11 attacks, a panicked Congress passed the "USA/Patriot Act," an overnight revision of the nation's surveillance laws that vastly expanded the government's authority to spy on its own citizens, while simultaneously reducing checks and balances on those powers like judicial oversight, public accountability, and the ability to challenge government searches in court.
https://www.aclu.org/other/surveillance-under-usapatriot-act
Only Surveillance Can Save Us
Big data offers tools to stop the pandemic right now—if we change our definition of privacy.
Bruno MaçãesApril 10, 2020, 3:40 PM
“If only governments used all the technology already available to them. Each case could then be treated according to individual parameters. Once a person has been confirmed to be infected, his or her close contacts could automatically be traced and instructed to get tested. Meanwhile, the infected person’s compliance with lockdown instructions could be tracked using digital tools that monitor individual travel and behavior patterns. Of course, this would require governments accessing cell-phone users’ individual data—and eliminating the legal hurdles currently preventing them from doing so.”
https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/10/coronavirus-pandemic-surveillance-privacy-big-data/
Section 215 of the Patriot Act violates the Constitution in several ways. It: Violates the Fourth Amendment, which says the government cannot conduct a search without obtaining a warrant and showing probable cause to believe that the person has committed or will commit a crime.
What is the "USA/Patriot" Act?
Just six weeks after the September 11 attacks, a panicked Congress passed the "USA/Patriot Act," an overnight revision of the nation's surveillance laws that vastly expanded the government's authority to spy on its own citizens, while simultaneously reducing checks and balances on those powers like judicial oversight, public accountability, and the ability to challenge government searches in court.
https://www.aclu.org/other/surveillance-under-usapatriot-act
Only Surveillance Can Save Us
Big data offers tools to stop the pandemic right now—if we change our definition of privacy.
Bruno MaçãesApril 10, 2020, 3:40 PM
“If only governments used all the technology already available to them. Each case could then be treated according to individual parameters. Once a person has been confirmed to be infected, his or her close contacts could automatically be traced and instructed to get tested. Meanwhile, the infected person’s compliance with lockdown instructions could be tracked using digital tools that monitor individual travel and behavior patterns. Of course, this would require governments accessing cell-phone users’ individual data—and eliminating the legal hurdles currently preventing them from doing so.”
https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/10/coronavirus-pandemic-surveillance-privacy-big-data/
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