Posted on Nov 8, 2023
Scientists just created chromosomes from scratch—"Huge"
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In a milestone achievement, a whole chromosome has been created from scratch by scientists for the first time ever.
The tRNA Neochromosome is a man-made chromosome of the common baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It may soon allow for the creation of synthetic and superior yeast cells, according to a collection of new papers in the scientific journals Cell and Cell Genomics.
This discovery is the newest in an international project called Sc2.0, which has also synthesized all 16 of the yeast's chromosomes with an aim to combine them into a functional cell that might help make yeast faster, more resilient and more productive.
The tRNA Neochromosome is special, as it is entirely synthetic, not made based on one of the original chromosomes of the yeast.
"It is the world's first de novo synthetic chromosome," Patrick Cai, the chair in synthetic genomics at the University of Manchester, international coordinator of the Sc2.0 project, and co-author of the Cell paper, told Newsweek.
The tRNA Neochromosome is a man-made chromosome of the common baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It may soon allow for the creation of synthetic and superior yeast cells, according to a collection of new papers in the scientific journals Cell and Cell Genomics.
This discovery is the newest in an international project called Sc2.0, which has also synthesized all 16 of the yeast's chromosomes with an aim to combine them into a functional cell that might help make yeast faster, more resilient and more productive.
The tRNA Neochromosome is special, as it is entirely synthetic, not made based on one of the original chromosomes of the yeast.
"It is the world's first de novo synthetic chromosome," Patrick Cai, the chair in synthetic genomics at the University of Manchester, international coordinator of the Sc2.0 project, and co-author of the Cell paper, told Newsweek.
Scientists just created chromosomes from scratch—"Huge"
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Posted 6 mo ago
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PO1 William "Chip" Nagel
..."This discovery is the newest in an international project called Sc2.0, which has also synthesized all 16 of the yeast's chromosomes with an aim to combine them into a functional cell that might help make yeast faster, more resilient and more productive.
The tRNA Neochromosome is special, as it is entirely synthetic, not made based on one of the original chromosomes of the yeast.
"It is the world's first de novo synthetic chromosome," Patrick Cai, the chair in synthetic genomics at the University of Manchester, international coordinator of the Sc2.0 project, and co-author of the Cell paper, told Newsweek.
"Unlike the other 16 'syn' chromosomes, the tRNA Neochromosome is not modeled on an existing natural chromosome but was literally designed piece by piece, on a computer, the pieces [coming] from at least 9 different species of microorganisms," Cai said.
"There is nothing like it in nature. The fact that it can function by producing tRNAs like a natural genome does is pretty amazing. It is also designed to avoid 'head-on collisions' between RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase, which can lead to DNA breaks and other challenges for the cell."
Thus far, six and a half of the synthetic chromosomes have been combined in a yeast cell at Sc2.0. The project hopes that these synthetic yeast cells may be able to work faster, yield greater results, and be more tolerant to environmental changes when used to make bread or in the production of biofuels, pharmaceuticals, flavors and fragrances."...
..."This discovery is the newest in an international project called Sc2.0, which has also synthesized all 16 of the yeast's chromosomes with an aim to combine them into a functional cell that might help make yeast faster, more resilient and more productive.
The tRNA Neochromosome is special, as it is entirely synthetic, not made based on one of the original chromosomes of the yeast.
"It is the world's first de novo synthetic chromosome," Patrick Cai, the chair in synthetic genomics at the University of Manchester, international coordinator of the Sc2.0 project, and co-author of the Cell paper, told Newsweek.
"Unlike the other 16 'syn' chromosomes, the tRNA Neochromosome is not modeled on an existing natural chromosome but was literally designed piece by piece, on a computer, the pieces [coming] from at least 9 different species of microorganisms," Cai said.
"There is nothing like it in nature. The fact that it can function by producing tRNAs like a natural genome does is pretty amazing. It is also designed to avoid 'head-on collisions' between RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase, which can lead to DNA breaks and other challenges for the cell."
Thus far, six and a half of the synthetic chromosomes have been combined in a yeast cell at Sc2.0. The project hopes that these synthetic yeast cells may be able to work faster, yield greater results, and be more tolerant to environmental changes when used to make bread or in the production of biofuels, pharmaceuticals, flavors and fragrances."...
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PO1 William "Chip" Nagel
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