Debunking a Decades-Long Misconception about the Origin of the Vertebrate Sympathetic Nervous...

For decades, researchers believed that lamprey—eel-like jawless fish—did not have sympathetic neurons, which are a part of the peripheral nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is made up of nerves that target internal organs throughout the body, including the heart, pancreas, and gut. Persistent activity of the sympathetic nervous system is required to maintain homeostasis, as it modulates processes such as cardiac output, blood glucose monitoring, and digestion. The system is also best known for mediating the fight-or-flight response in vertebrates.
Lamprey, or Petromyzon marinus, are the closest thing we have today to studying the ancient fish ancestors from which we evolved 550 million years ago. Researchers in the laboratory of Marianne Bronner, Edward B. Lewis Professor of Biology and director of the Beckman Institute, use lamprey to study how developmental changes may have promoted progressive evolution of vertebrate traits. Now, new research from Bronner's lab finds sympathetic neurons in lamprey, revising the timeline of sympathetic nervous system evolution.