I think I am actually making my first post. I chose such a heavy topic because of how passionate people have become about the subject of gun crime, in particular, mass shootings. The media is consistently presenting the role of "military style rifles" and "assault weapons/weapons of war" in a manner that I actually think shows a general lack of understanding of firearms and ballistics, and the influence of mental illness. I also think it's inevitable that new gun control regulations get passed at this point and if other gun owners such as myself don't participate in the discussion then we're REALLY not going to like the laws that get rolled out.
How many of the statistics and statements in this DOJ database people familiar with?
First, the subject of need versus want. I agree, there is a big difference between the attitude of "I would like to own a firearm to be able to protect myself in a worst case scenario" and "I need one to protect my family". One of these two attitudes is predicated on expecting to be attacked with lethal force, and even in the most dangerous parts of the U.S. that is far from a guarantee. Most Americans have never been shot at.
Second, if my memory serves me right, the final development of the 5.56 round and AR-15/M-16 coincided with the early phase of the Vietnam War. At the time the expectation was that our military would be operating mostly between the tropics of cancer and capricorn in wooded and jungle environments for the duration of the cold war, and needed a primary weapon with a fast light round that could go through brush and didn't weigh a lot, so an effective quantity of ammo could be carried in places vehicles couldn't traverse.
I did also hear one rumor that directly conflicts one of your points but I have never been able to confirm it, this would be through the lens of 1960's weapon development and battlefield triage. The 5.56mm x 45mm projectile is more likely to cause a survivable wound than larger rifle calibers, this would potentially lead to reserve troops having to go into the line of fire to retrieve casualties, allowing for a higher overall number of enemy fighters being taken out of action in direct fire engagements.
As to the rest, I'm following completely on the the wind effects, and I know that a lighter weight projectile is more greatly affected when hitting something on it's way to the target. I guess I just always assumed that was more about the projectile having a smaller cross-section and being less likely to hit something on along it's path of travel.
What I am taking from you though is that ammunition weight was the biggest concern, how to move more rounds at one time for the least effort, while still having an effective primary combat rifle. I learned something.