I first read Upton about 30 years back when was focusing on the Russians. His mission that Sherman sent him out to do was really a first of its kind for the US Army. He was sent out on a round the globe tour to visit with foreign armies and bring back information on their organization and schooling. From his notes - you get a picture of the late 1800s armies - and you can see many things of a nation from that to include the specifics of leadership development. For those who have never read it -- here is the free Google book link.