Do cadets actually outrank non-commissioned officers?

No.

Also, depending on the year of college that a cadet is in determines their ranking. On my ID card, my rank and pay grade are Enlisted. With that understanding, we can infer that cadets do not outrank NCO's.

I always called them Spot.

I was in ROTC and am now an OC instead. This is technically correct but a Cadet, unless authority is given to him by an actual commissioned officer, has none(even then its technically the officer who gave the authority's authority). So if say a Cadet was in a foreign country or on an exercise and the PL was killed or incapacitated by something the Platoon Sergeant or next highest ranking enlisted would assume command not the cadet because he doesn't fall into the chain of command of that unit. The likelihood of such an occurrence while possible due to some of the countries Cadets can go to in the summer is highly unlikely.

The only situation that I can think of where a cadet would ever have command authority in combat is if for some reason they were sending a unit of cadets into combat. Then the senior cadet would naturally have said authority. I vaguely recall a story from the civil war where that happened but I think that was on the confederate side. If they did that in a modern war I think that would mean we're screwed.