Do cadets actually outrank non-commissioned officers?

Absolutely, but the possibility of running across one in uniform is extremely rare. Hope that isn't at the top of your "Worry List."

Absolutely not.

The answer is NO, they do not outrank NCOs, they are Cadets, IN training. They are paid at the grade of E5 until they are commissioned. Their rank is whatever the rank they've achieved until they are commissioned. If they have achieved a higher Noncommissioned rank then they retain that rank responsibility.
A Cadet is an officer in training and is not an officer until they are commissioned. They can work in positions of authority if they belong to a Reserve or Guard unit outside of their school role.
I worked as a Training NCO for 17 years, and we had SMP or Simultaneous Membership Program personnel. If the Commander determined to put them in leadership roles, such as an O1 billet, then they had that level of responsibility and the unit identified them as that level. However, NCOs are not required to salute a Cadet.

They do but...one would have to have some really big balls to try to pull rank on any NCO
And then they would get ripped off and handed to him

I went thru this BS on a Midshipman Crusie. 6 of these twits came about the USS JohnS. McCain DL-3. I was a lowly PO3 and was assigned to give them the 25 cent tour of CIC (Combat Information Center). Somehow the conversion got around to who outranked who. I made them a bet that if I could do more pushups than 1 of them they would call me Mr and didn't have to call them Sir. The biggest of the group said how about 20 to start with... my reply was which arm, right or left. I did 20 with my right arm and then it was over. What they didn't know was I have been lifting weights for almost 3 years and 20 pushups were just a warm-up. At that time I could bench press 325. Today not so much.

I contend that they don't rank anything because they're still in training. We were all E-1's or higher at boot but then we're standard enlisted ranks. I don't think a cadet ranks for shit, I don't care how many stripes or stars they've got. If they expect a salute then they have another thing coming

Ha, that's cute.

I worked with Cadets from West Point and they say that " CADETS " have the rank of E-5!

I only dealt with cadets as a group attending my class on proper preparation and use of an M-60 range card. I had no problems with them and I was only an E-4. Given the relationship between our NCOs and the officers of our unit I would expect a brilliant show from any command officer from the company CO up to the Brigade Commander in response to cadet’s attempt to assert their “rank” over their NCOs.

I love it when we send them out the door on their "Cherry Jump" (Sgt. Mike ret. 509th Airborne)