What are the best army schools to go to for good career progression and in what order

This should build upon your interest and jobs you would like to have while in the Army.  Don't be scared to step away from the MOS specific schools to your job.  As you get senior the most important thing is to continue going to schools.  You just want to show the Army and your leadership that you want to grow into an effect leader yourself.  Go to Ranger school before you get to old and get your degree as you progress but before you board for SFC.  When attending a NCOES strive to be on the CL and to do this your command should remove all things from your plate.  Having some type of "honor" will set you up for success in the long run.

Kind of a MOS question but in your case being Infantry kind of a no brainer - Airborne then Ranger School as to be assigned to a Ranger Regiment or go to Ranger School you must be Airborne qualified. Other than that college to get a degree maybe even your masters.

There are a lot of good options.  If you are physically capable, going to Ranger school will help.  Trying for Airborne and Air Assault will be good choices, as well as additional duty schools like MRT, SHARP, and EO.  Basically, I would recommend you try to do any school that is available to you and working from there.  Talk to the schools NCO in your unit, find out what is available, then submit the 4187 to request training.  I have seen many times where Soldiers ask about it but never follow up, so they don't get the training.  Sometimes you need to take charge of your career by being proactive.