John Jay - Wikipedia

John Jay (December 23 [O.S. December 12] 1745 – May 17, 1829) was an American statesman, Patriot, diplomat, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, signatory of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, second Governor of New York, and the first Chief Justice of the United States(1789–1795). He directed U.S. foreign policy for much of the 1780s and was an important leader of the Federalist Partyafter the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788.
Jay was born into a wealthy family of merchants and government officials in New York City. He became a lawyer and joined the New York Committee of Correspondence, organizing opposition to British polices in the time preceding the American Revolution. Jay was elected to the Second Continental Congress, and he served as the President of the Second Continental Congress. From 1779 to 1782, Jay served as the ambassador to Spain, and he convinced Spain to provide financial aid to the fledgling United States. He also served as a negotiator of the Treaty of Paris, in which Britain recognized American independence. Following the end of the war, Jay served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs, directing United States foreign policy under the Articles of Confederation government. He would also serve as the first Secretary of State on an interim basis.A proponent of strong, centralized government, Jay worked to ratify the United States Constitution in New York in 1788 by pseudonymously writing five of the several The Federalist papers, along with the main authors Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. After the establishment of the new federal government, Jay was appointed by President George Washington to become the first Chief Justice of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1795. The Jay Court experienced a light workload, deciding just four cases over six years. In 1794, while serving as Chief Justice, Jay negotiated the highly controversial Jay Treaty with Britain. Jay received a handful of electoral votes in three of the first four presidential elections, but never undertook a serious bid for the presidency.Jay served as the Governor of New Yorkfrom 1795 to 1801. Long an opponent of slavery, he helped enact a law that provided for the gradual emancipation of slaves, and the institution of slavery was abolished in New York in Jay's lifetime. In the waning days of President John Adams's administration, Jay was confirmed by the Senate for another term as Chief Justice, but he declined the position and retired to his farm in Westchester County, New York.

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