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Marie Antoinette (/ˌæntwəˈnɛt, ˌɒ̃twə-/;[1] French: [maʁi ɑ̃twanɛt]; born Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna; 2 November 1755 – 16 October 1793) was the last Queen of France before the French Revolution. She was born an Archduchess of Austria and was the penultimate child and youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. She became Dauphine of France in May 1770 at age 14 upon her marriage to Louis-Auguste, heir apparent to the French throne. On 10 May 1774, her husband ascended the throne as Louis XVI and she assumed the title Queen of France and Navarre, which she held until September 1791, when she became Queen of the French as the French Revolution proceeded, a title that she held until 21 September 1792.
After eight years of marriage, Marie Antoinette gave birth to Marie Thérèse, the first of her four children. A growing percentage of the population came to dislike her, accusing her of being profligate and promiscuous and of harboring sympathies for France's enemies, particularly her native Austria. The Affair of the Diamond Necklace damaged her reputation further. During the Revolution, she became known as Madame Déficit because the country's financial crisis was blamed on her lavish spending and her opposition to the social and financial reforms of Turgot and Necker.
Several events linked to Marie Antoinette during the Revolution, after the government had placed the royal family under house arrest in the Tuileries Palace in October 1789. The June 1791 attempted flight to Varennes and her role in the War of the First Coalition had disastrous effects on French popular opinion. On 10 August 1792, the attack on the Tuileries forced the royal family to take refuge at the Assembly, and they were imprisoned in the Temple Prison on 13 August. On 21 September 1792, the monarchy was abolished. Her trial began on 14 October 1793, and two days later Marie Antoinette was convicted by the Revolutionary Tribunal of high treason and executed by guillotine on the Place de la Révolution.
After eight years of marriage, Marie Antoinette gave birth to Marie Thérèse, the first of her four children. A growing percentage of the population came to dislike her, accusing her of being profligate and promiscuous and of harboring sympathies for France's enemies, particularly her native Austria. The Affair of the Diamond Necklace damaged her reputation further. During the Revolution, she became known as Madame Déficit because the country's financial crisis was blamed on her lavish spending and her opposition to the social and financial reforms of Turgot and Necker.
Several events linked to Marie Antoinette during the Revolution, after the government had placed the royal family under house arrest in the Tuileries Palace in October 1789. The June 1791 attempted flight to Varennes and her role in the War of the First Coalition had disastrous effects on French popular opinion. On 10 August 1792, the attack on the Tuileries forced the royal family to take refuge at the Assembly, and they were imprisoned in the Temple Prison on 13 August. On 21 September 1792, the monarchy was abolished. Her trial began on 14 October 1793, and two days later Marie Antoinette was convicted by the Revolutionary Tribunal of high treason and executed by guillotine on the Place de la Révolution.
Marie Antoinette - Wikipedia
Posted from en.wikipedia.org
Birthday
France
World History
Posted >1 y ago
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Thank you my friend Maj Marty Hogan for making us aware that November 2 is the anniversary of the birth of the lady born an Archduchess of Austria who was the penultimate child and youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor Marie Antoinette born Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna who was the last Queen of France before the French Revolution.
The Reign of terror on Robespierre tried Marie Antoinette from October 14 until October 16, 1793 when she was convicted and executed by guillotine.
The oft repeated quip let them eat cake was never said by the Queen of France Marie Antoinette.
Image: 1780s Queen Marie Antoinette of France and Two of Her Children Walking in the Park of Trianon by Adolf Ulrik Wertmuller
Rest in peace Marie Antoinette
Background from chateauversailles.fr/discover/history/great-characters/marie-antoinette#marie-antoinette-in-private
"queen of France
1755-1793
Described by her brother, Emperor Joseph II, as “honest and lovable,” Marie Antoinette was an Austrian princess and the wife of King Louis XVI. She remains one of the most fascinating characters in Versailles’ rich history. Devoting her attentions to organising elaborate entertainment at court, keeping to the company of her close friends and shrinking from the pomp and ceremony associated with her position, the queen sank gradually lower in the public esteem and ultimately met a tragic end during the French Revolution.
Full name Marie Antoinette of Habsburg-Lorraine
Title Queen of France
Life at Court
From 1770 to 1789
Marie Antoinette was born in Vienna on 2 November 1755, the daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa. Her marriage with the future Louis XVI, celebrated on 16 May 1770, was partly the work of French minister Choiseul, one of the principal architects of the reconciliation between France and Austria. The marriage nonetheless met with a lukewarm reception from the French public, who had not forgotten the years of war with Austria. The wedding festivities were timed to coincide with the inauguration of the Royal Opera House at the Palace of Versailles. A few years later, it was at the opera that she would meet her presumed lover Axel von Fersen.
Louis XVI entrusted her with the task of organising entertainment for the court. The queen was a great fan of entertaining, and she put on plays two or three times per week and also revived the tradition of grand balls.
A queen at the court
Louis XVI entrusted her with organising entertainment for the court. The queen took to this job with zeal, putting on plays two or three times a week and reviving the tradition of grand balls. She also converted the Peace Room into a games room and became a keen player of billiards and cards. Marie Antoinette was a music-lover too, and played the harp. She was also a great patron of the arts, with a particular fondness for the cabinetmaker and royal furniture supplier Riesener, and the painter Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, whose successful career as a portraitist artist owed much to the queen’s support, and who produced around thirty portraits of her. The queen also devoted much of her time to fashion, being advised daily on what to wear by her favourite designer and stylist, Rose Bertin. Her hairdresser, Léonard, came up with elaborate new hairstyles which she adored.
A ROYAL HOME
Marie Antoinette in private
Marie Antoinette lived in the Queen’s Chambers and was bound by the official rituals of her royal position: the waking-up ceremony, the elaborate preparations, royal audiences, public meals, etc. Having grown up with the less elaborate ceremonial routine of Austria’s royal palaces, she had a hard time adapting to Versailles’ complex etiquette and longed for a more private life. Surrounded by a coterie of close friends, she often sought refuge in her Private Chambers at the Petit Trianon, bestowed on her by Louis XVI, or else in her Hamlet, a picturesque model village built especially for her.
After eight long years of marriage, and with the court eagerly awaiting the arrival of an heir, she finally gave birth to her first child in 1778. This first child was a daughter, “Madame Royale”, whom Marie Antoinette nicknamed “Mousseline la Sérieuse”. She was soon joined by the Dauphin Louis Joseph Xavier François, born in 1781. A few years later she gave birth to Louis-Charles, whom she nicknamed “Chou d’amour”, and who would go on to become Dauphin after the death of his brother in 1789. Marie Antoinette gave birth to one more daughter, Sophie-Béatrice, who died after just a few months.
A contested queen
Under the influence of her mother, she made clumsy attempts to get involved with politics, which were met with scorn by the court. Madame Adélaïde, aunt of Louis XVI, disdainfully referred to her as “the Austrian”, a nickname which would stick with her until her untimely demise. The queen became the target of numerous pamphlets, libels, and caricatures. These attacks intensified after the Affair of the Diamond Necklace in 1785, a swindle of which she was an innocent victim, but which provided a pretext for further slanders. In her private theatre in Le Trianon, she even dared to put on The Marriage of Figaro, a play written in 1778 by Beaumarchais and containing some strident criticisms of Ancien Régime society, so much so that the king had it banned. The split between queen and court was now irremediable.
Marie Antoinette’s ambiguous attitude at the outbreak of the French Revolution – she seemed uncertain whether to run away or seek reconciliation – accelerated her tragic demise. She was transferred to the Temple on 10 August 1792, then moved to the Conciergerie shortly after the execution of the king in 1793. She demonstrated great courage during her trial before the Revolutionary Tribunal and at her execution on 16 October 1793 on what is now the Place de la Concorde. In 1815 her remains, along with those of Louis XVI, were transferred to the royal crypt in the basilica of Saint-Denis."
PBS Marie Antoinette [SD, 854x480].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSpHcpskrfY
FYI Nicci Eisenhauer Kathlean KeeslerSGT Tim Fridley (Join to see) CPT Enrique M. Michael Horne SSG David Andrews CW5 Jack Cardwell ] SPC Gary Welch SGT Rick Colburn SMSgt Tom Burns SP5 Geoffrey Vannerson SPC Paul C. SFC Stephen Lucas MSgt Dale Johnson Capt (Join to see) CWO3 Randy Weston Alan K.
The Reign of terror on Robespierre tried Marie Antoinette from October 14 until October 16, 1793 when she was convicted and executed by guillotine.
The oft repeated quip let them eat cake was never said by the Queen of France Marie Antoinette.
Image: 1780s Queen Marie Antoinette of France and Two of Her Children Walking in the Park of Trianon by Adolf Ulrik Wertmuller
Rest in peace Marie Antoinette
Background from chateauversailles.fr/discover/history/great-characters/marie-antoinette#marie-antoinette-in-private
"queen of France
1755-1793
Described by her brother, Emperor Joseph II, as “honest and lovable,” Marie Antoinette was an Austrian princess and the wife of King Louis XVI. She remains one of the most fascinating characters in Versailles’ rich history. Devoting her attentions to organising elaborate entertainment at court, keeping to the company of her close friends and shrinking from the pomp and ceremony associated with her position, the queen sank gradually lower in the public esteem and ultimately met a tragic end during the French Revolution.
Full name Marie Antoinette of Habsburg-Lorraine
Title Queen of France
Life at Court
From 1770 to 1789
Marie Antoinette was born in Vienna on 2 November 1755, the daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa. Her marriage with the future Louis XVI, celebrated on 16 May 1770, was partly the work of French minister Choiseul, one of the principal architects of the reconciliation between France and Austria. The marriage nonetheless met with a lukewarm reception from the French public, who had not forgotten the years of war with Austria. The wedding festivities were timed to coincide with the inauguration of the Royal Opera House at the Palace of Versailles. A few years later, it was at the opera that she would meet her presumed lover Axel von Fersen.
Louis XVI entrusted her with the task of organising entertainment for the court. The queen was a great fan of entertaining, and she put on plays two or three times per week and also revived the tradition of grand balls.
A queen at the court
Louis XVI entrusted her with organising entertainment for the court. The queen took to this job with zeal, putting on plays two or three times a week and reviving the tradition of grand balls. She also converted the Peace Room into a games room and became a keen player of billiards and cards. Marie Antoinette was a music-lover too, and played the harp. She was also a great patron of the arts, with a particular fondness for the cabinetmaker and royal furniture supplier Riesener, and the painter Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, whose successful career as a portraitist artist owed much to the queen’s support, and who produced around thirty portraits of her. The queen also devoted much of her time to fashion, being advised daily on what to wear by her favourite designer and stylist, Rose Bertin. Her hairdresser, Léonard, came up with elaborate new hairstyles which she adored.
A ROYAL HOME
Marie Antoinette in private
Marie Antoinette lived in the Queen’s Chambers and was bound by the official rituals of her royal position: the waking-up ceremony, the elaborate preparations, royal audiences, public meals, etc. Having grown up with the less elaborate ceremonial routine of Austria’s royal palaces, she had a hard time adapting to Versailles’ complex etiquette and longed for a more private life. Surrounded by a coterie of close friends, she often sought refuge in her Private Chambers at the Petit Trianon, bestowed on her by Louis XVI, or else in her Hamlet, a picturesque model village built especially for her.
After eight long years of marriage, and with the court eagerly awaiting the arrival of an heir, she finally gave birth to her first child in 1778. This first child was a daughter, “Madame Royale”, whom Marie Antoinette nicknamed “Mousseline la Sérieuse”. She was soon joined by the Dauphin Louis Joseph Xavier François, born in 1781. A few years later she gave birth to Louis-Charles, whom she nicknamed “Chou d’amour”, and who would go on to become Dauphin after the death of his brother in 1789. Marie Antoinette gave birth to one more daughter, Sophie-Béatrice, who died after just a few months.
A contested queen
Under the influence of her mother, she made clumsy attempts to get involved with politics, which were met with scorn by the court. Madame Adélaïde, aunt of Louis XVI, disdainfully referred to her as “the Austrian”, a nickname which would stick with her until her untimely demise. The queen became the target of numerous pamphlets, libels, and caricatures. These attacks intensified after the Affair of the Diamond Necklace in 1785, a swindle of which she was an innocent victim, but which provided a pretext for further slanders. In her private theatre in Le Trianon, she even dared to put on The Marriage of Figaro, a play written in 1778 by Beaumarchais and containing some strident criticisms of Ancien Régime society, so much so that the king had it banned. The split between queen and court was now irremediable.
Marie Antoinette’s ambiguous attitude at the outbreak of the French Revolution – she seemed uncertain whether to run away or seek reconciliation – accelerated her tragic demise. She was transferred to the Temple on 10 August 1792, then moved to the Conciergerie shortly after the execution of the king in 1793. She demonstrated great courage during her trial before the Revolutionary Tribunal and at her execution on 16 October 1793 on what is now the Place de la Concorde. In 1815 her remains, along with those of Louis XVI, were transferred to the royal crypt in the basilica of Saint-Denis."
PBS Marie Antoinette [SD, 854x480].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSpHcpskrfY
FYI Nicci Eisenhauer Kathlean KeeslerSGT Tim Fridley (Join to see) CPT Enrique M. Michael Horne SSG David Andrews CW5 Jack Cardwell ] SPC Gary Welch SGT Rick Colburn SMSgt Tom Burns SP5 Geoffrey Vannerson SPC Paul C. SFC Stephen Lucas MSgt Dale Johnson Capt (Join to see) CWO3 Randy Weston Alan K.
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LTC Stephen F.
FYI my friend SP5 Mark Kuzinski Marie Antoinette never said let them eat cake. That rumor was probably spread by Robespierre's folks SP5 Mark Kuzinski
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