Did Republicans just give away the 2016 election by raising birthright citizenship?
It may not seem like it, but this week has seen the most significant development yet in the immigration debate’s role in the 2016 election. I’d go even farther — it’s possible that the entire presidential election just got decided.
Is that an overstatement? Maybe. But hear me out.
For months, people like me have been pointing to the fundamental challenge Republican presidential candidates face on immigration: they need to talk tough to appeal to their base in the primaries, but doing so risks alienating the Hispanic voters they’ll need in the general election. This was always going to be a difficult line to walk, but a bunch of their candidates just leaped off to one side.
After Donald Trump released his immigration plan, which includes an end to birthright citizenship — stating that if you were born in the United States but your parents were undocumented, you don’t get to be a citizen — some of his competitors jumped up to say that they agreed. NBC News asked Scott Walker the question directly, and he seemed to reply that he does favor an end to birthright citizenship, though his campaign qualified the statement later. Bobby Jindal tweeted, “We need to end birthright citizenship for illegal immigrants.” Then reporters began looking over others’ past statements to see where they stood on this issue, and found that this isn’t an uncommon position among the GOP field. Remember all the agonizing Republicans did about how they had to reach out to Hispanic voters? They never figured out how to do it, and now they’re running in the opposite direction.
EDITORIAL COMMENT:- I can see how it might just possibly be a bit difficult to run for office on a platform which includes "And, of course, I'm going to say that I'm going to ignore the Constitution of the United States of America - because doing that is going to get me a whole bunch of votes but I know that I can't both do that and take the oath of office at the same time."
I cannot agree that the Fourteenth Amendment was "to grant citizenship to slaves" as the Fourteenth Amendment simply didn't do that - it only granted citizenship to anyone who had been born in the United States of America and many slaves had not been born in the United States of America. Had the actual intent of the Fourteenth Amendment been "to grant citizenship to slaves" then Section 1 would have read along the lines of "All former and/or current slaves within the United States of America are now citizens of the United States of America." and Section 1 (as enacted) would have been Section 2.
The problem when considering the "Indian Cases" is that (notionally) the Native Americans were citizens of independent and sovereign nations (other than the United States of America) which just happened to be co-located with the United States of America. Native Americans "off the reservation" fell under the jurisdiction of the US government but Native Americans "on the reservation" (technically) did not.
What we might do were we to be enacting the Fourteenth Amendment today is almost totally irrelevant until the existing Fourteenth Amendment and US v. WONG have been bulldozed out of the road.
However, if the US government wants to establish a new policy whereby a system of "Anchor Homes" wherein the US born children of illegal aliens can be sheltered and raised as good American citizens after their scofflaw parents have been deported, the US government clearly has the authority to do so. [If it doesn't then the financial responsibilities would devolve onto the several states wherein those children are found when their felonious parents are apprehended and granted their full due-process rights before being deported and banned from ever entering the United States of America again. And, since that is the case, then I doubt that you would find a single "states' right" advocate who would argue that this was something that the Federal government didn't have the authority to do {and the responsibility to pay for}.]
It was "meant primarily" for those who had supported the concept of slavery and or "second class" citizenship for Negros.
A little more attention to drafting to avoid the "Everybody Knows" syndrome would have been helpful.
Regardless of what the legislators/voters INTENDED to do, the actual wording of the Fourteenth Amendment is what they DID do.
The problem is simply that the legislators didn't do that (and, in fact, didn't even extend citizenship to ALL slaves - only the ones born in the United States of America).
It is the fact of what the legislators DID DO that the politicians will have to deal with.
PS - The "misinterpretation" has been around since 1898
https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/169/649
United States v. Wong Kim Ark | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
A child born in the United States, of parents of Chinese descent, who, at the time of his birth, are subjects of the Emperor of China, but have a permanent domicil and residence in the United States, and are there carrying on business, and are not employed in any diplomatic or official capacity under the Emperor of China, becomes at the time of his birth a citizen of the United States, by virtue of the first clause of the Fourteenth Amendment...
Regardless, the crux of the decision was not on HOW either Mr. Wong (or his parents) got to the United States of America but what the law was.
I agree that ALL judicial decisions are based on "interpretation" of the law - that is what the court is paid to do. Sometimes it's easy and sometimes it's hard, but the mandated task of the courts is NOT to decide what the law "says" but what the law "means".
I am well aware of what Mr. Howard says. I am also well aware of what a "parenthetical expression/phrase" is. I am also well aware that the Supreme Court of the United States of America has previously considered EXACTLY that argument and ruled against it.
Be that as it may, the proper course of action, since you cannot appeal a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States of America to any temporal court, is to stop nattering about it and get to work to amend the Constitution of the United States of America. (The easiest way would be to simply strike the first section of the Fourteenth Amendment. [Of course that would mean that Congress would have to get its act together and pass the 762 page "American Citizenship Act" {with one page of Preamble, one page defining "citizen", 150 pages defining how to become a citizen, and 612 pages of "tied spending" so that everyone could go home and show the voters what a good job they are doing}.]
Besides why would anyone want to wait ten or twenty years for a "constitutional reference case" to work its way up to the Supreme Court - only to lose it and then have to spend another ten or twenty years getting the Constitution amended? Twenty years doesn't really sound like a "quick fix" (ten years doesn't either but it IS less than twenty years).
"This will not, of course, include persons born in the United States who are foreigners, aliens, who belong to the families of ambassadors or foreign ministers accredited to the Government of the United States, but will include every other class of persons."
Clearly a child born to a foreign diplomat working in the US is not considered to be under the full jurisdiction of the US government and therefore such a child is not granted US citizenship, dual or otherwise, regardless the laws of the diplomat's home country.
Furthermore... " Sen. Lyman Trumbull, Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, author of the Thirteenth Amendment, and the one who inserted the phrase:
[T]he provision is, that 'all persons born in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens.' That means 'subject to the complete jurisdiction thereof.' What do we mean by 'complete jurisdiction thereof?' Not owing allegiance to anybody else. That is what it means.
Trumbull continues, "Can you sue a Navajo Indian in court? Are they in any sense subject to the complete jurisdiction of the United States? By no means. We make treaties with them, and therefore they are not subject to our jurisdiction. If they were, we wouldn't make treaties with them...It is only those persons who come completely within our jurisdiction, who are subject to our laws, that we think of making citizens; and there can be no objection to the proposition that such persons should be citizens.[2]
So, Sir, when Senator Trumbull says "not owing allegiance to anybody else", would YOU argue that people who cross our borders illegally, without declaring themselves, whether to traffic drugs across our border, or to seek employment, seasonal, or otherwise, have a singular allegiance to the United States of America? If you can make that argument, then your argument would hold, at least some water. It is clear that the meaning of that phrase "under the jurisdiction of", does NOT include people who came to this country without declaring themselves, (which by default means applying for, and being granted citizenship, as, up to that point a person has NOT declared singular allegiance to the United States.
Senator Howard then confirms Senator Trumbull's assertion...
"Mr. HOWARD: I concur entirely with the honorable Senator from Illinois [Trumbull], in holding that the word "jurisdiction," as here employed, ought to be construed so as to imply a full and complete jurisdiction on the part of the United States, whether exercised by Congress, by the executive, or by the judicial department; that is to say, the same jurisdiction in extent and quality as applies to every citizen of the United States now. "
And there's more Sir, in the article I've posted here a number of times. One has to wonder HOW these authors and ratifiers of the 14th Amendment could have made the intent of the Citizenship Clause any more clear, and unambiguous. Though, it is also clear that those who WANT the Citizenship clause to mean something else will add, remove, or move about, commas in the words themselves, while ignoring the original statements and arguments that support their present location. I have seen people make the same comma argument for the second amendment as well when they want to make it appear to mean something other than that which it was intended to mean, again, as made clear by the actual wording, AND the statements of the men who actually wrote, ratified, and inserted those amendments.
Again, respectful regards sir.
A newborn infant does NOT "owe their allegiance" to any country - since the very concept "country" is beyond them.
You can keep on repeating the same quotation as many times as you want, but until you show some understanding of what a "parenthetical clause" or "parenthetical expression" is and what its grammatical role is then you are simply repeating "Quadruple Hearsay" (the first person who reported the statement reported hearsay, the newspaper article that reported the words of first person who reported the statement reported double hearsay, the author of the article which reported the newspaper article that reported the words of first person who reported the statement reported triple hearsay, and when you report it again it becomes quadruple hearsay.
What you have to remember is that "Statute Law" consists of the ACTUAL words of the statute and there is no mention of "allegiance" in the Fourteenth Amendment.
I will grant you that ONE of the people who was supporting the Fourteenth Amendment MIGHT have INTENDED that the Fourteenth Amendment only apply to people who "owed allegiance" to the United States of America. HOWEVER, that is not what the law says. [Besides, that would mean that no one under the legal age of majority would be a citizen of the United States of America because they would be legally incapable of "owing allegiance" to anyone - and that's just plain stupid. (OK so legislators do dumb things all the time - but not that dumb.)
PS - I don't suppose that you noticed the "ought to be construed" bit. Just because something "ought to be" does not mean that it is or ever was.
Thus, the child of an expatriate (Jewish) Israeli woman who has become a citizen of Borneo and a Chinese national who has renounced their citizenship and become a citizen of Brazil that is born in the United States of America is quite likely to be a citizen (or at least be eligible for citizenship) of
[1] Israel,
[2] Borneo,
[3] China,
[4] Brazil, and
[5] The United States of America
due to the various "Nationality Laws" of the jurisdictions involved.
The United States of America has no legal provision (that I know of) for "revoking" citizenship which is NOT granted through a bureaucratic process - although it does have a legal provision for recognizing a person's "renunciation" of citizenship through either words or deeds.
It is way too early for anybody to give away the November 2016 Presidential election. If this news came out one year from now it may well have an impact, but, not in the summer of 2015.
Birthright citizenship laws need to be re-looked and updated so that all children born to legal US citizens anywhere in the world are citizens of the USA and that any children born to illegal residents is not automatically granted citizenship but will not be prohibited from citizenship if they later work to meet the requirements.
My wife is Cuban and I know many Hispanics including some who are probably not legal. By and large they are socially conservative and do not support open asylum laws for all illegal aliens, birthright citizenship, etc. Many of the working class people who are ion this area are sending money to their home country and hope to return there.
How about limiting the Constitutional Convention to a maximum of 100 words for any Constitutional Amendment (if you can't express any "societal basic" in 100 words or less then it probably isn't a "societal basic") and then require the final reading to be certified as unambiguous by some outside authority (that doesn't have the authority to say how it should be reworded but DOES have to point out exactly where the ambiguities are to be found [and why they are ambiguities]) before proceeding forward on the road to ratification?
The first person who accuses me of "creating insurmountable barriers to constitutional amendment" has to buy the next round of cyber-beers.
While the students might well be exposed to the THEORETICAL way that the Federal government is supposed to function, I strongly suspect that the way that the Federal government ACTUALLY functions is something that the "Educational Theorists" want to burden impressionable young minds with.
Part of that suspicion is that knowing how the governmental system ACTUALLY works might incite keen young minds to the same mind-set as that of the Founding Fathers and people might start demanding that there be "No Taxation Without REAL Representation".
I know that it's hard to comprehend, but you simply can't have it both ways - no matter how much you scrunch up your eyes and pretend.
PS - Just because the Fourteenth Amendment "wasn't considered to" give American citizenship to Native Americans until 1922 that doesn't mean that it didn't - it just means that "The White Man's Law" didn't consider Native Americans as people.
Second, people whose parents crossed illegally with them are deported all the time, including people who were brought here as infants and never knew any other country and don't even speak any language but English. There's no right to live in America for someone who came here illegally. There are many people trying to legally immigrate to the US, what right does someone who did not come here legally have to jump the line?
Emotional arguments appeal to emotional people, but they don't have any logical validity. They're just people crying because they don't like facts, normally.
What would, however, be required to do that would be an amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America and not simply "An Act of Congress".
I am not expressing any opinion on whether or not it SHOULD be done - only on the fact that several of the Republican aspirants to the Republican nomination for the position of President of the United States of America appear to be total dunces when it comes to the Constitution that they are going to be swearing to uphold and protect if they get elected.
Even if it were NOT a concern of other countries, it IS a concern within the United States of America and I am quite content to see the US amend its own laws as it sees fit according to its own particular circumstances.
[PLEASE NOTE:- The first statement above DOES NOT have the concurrence of the US State Department.]
This is NOT a "legal issue" it is a "policy issue".
Those "anchor babies" ARE American citizens and the US government DOES NOT have the right to "deport" (the correct legal term is NOT "deport" it is "exile") them. The US government DOES have the right to deport the child's parents - but then must accept the legal responsibility for rearing the child if the parents do not take the child with them when they are deported.
There is (as far as I know) NO LEGAL RIGHT for the US government to ban ANY US citizen from entering the United States of America - regardless of age, race, gender, religion, criminal record, economic status, or any other factor - even if that US citizen is 100% certain to become a charge on the state.
Quite frankly I'm surprised that no one has actually launched a test case (using someone who was not even old enough to vote) via someone standing 'in loco parentus' to test the US government's POLICY of denying American citizens the right to enter the United States of America on the basis of age and/or economic condition.
By analogy, the US government could "deny" a six year old child of welfare parents who lived on Point Roberts (WA) the "right of return" to the United States of America if that child were with its parents when its parents went to Blaine (WA) by road. [You have to drive through a foreign country to get from Point Roberts to Blaine.]
United States v. Wong Kim Ark | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
A child born in the United States, of parents of Chinese descent, who, at the time of his birth, are subjects of the Emperor of China, but have a permanent domicil and residence in the United States, and are there carrying on business, and are not employed in any diplomatic or official capacity under the Emperor of China, becomes at the time of his birth a citizen of the United States, by virtue of the first clause of the Fourteenth Amendment...
http://blogs.gonzaga.edu/gulawreview/files/2011/01/Lohman1.pdf
United States v. Rhodes:
All persons born in the allegiance of the King are natural-born subjects, and all persons born in the allegiance of the United States are natural-born citizens. Birth and allegiance go together. Such is the rule of the common law, and it is the common law of this country, as well as of England. We find no warrant for the opinion that this great principle of the common law has ever been changed in the United States. It has always obtained here with the same vigor, and subject only to the same exceptions, since as before the Revolution
A valid interpretation includes the defining language of the founders. See William Blackstone, Commentaries...
http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/a1_8_4_citizenships1.html

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