Posted on Mar 9, 2022
LTC Stephen F.
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What is the most significant date 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, or other?
In the mid-19th century, many people lived relatively normal days as farmers, business people, students, teachers, doctors, nurses, policemen and clergy. Those who served in the Federal or Confederate military experienced long periods of drudgery and boredom, punctuated with relatively short and violent extreme-combat at close range.
The winter months tended to see less direct major force engagements.

Images:
1. The Fairfax, Virginia raid by CSA Captain John Singleton Mosby on March 9, 1863 painted by Mort Kunstler
2. 1,000 CSA dollar note depicting John Caldwell Calhoun on left and Andrew Jackson on right
3. First battle of Ironclad warship USS Monitor vs CSS Virginia (formerly the USS Merrimack) on March 9, 1862 off Hampton Roads.
4. Lieutenant General and future President Ulysses S Grant [1822-1885].

A. On March 9, 1861 The Coinage Bill is passed by the Confederate Congress, authorizing up to 50 million dollars in Confederate currency to be printed. 50 CSA Dollar Bill -Jefferson Davis; 1,000 CSA dollar bill John Caldwell Calhoun and Andrew Jackson
B. On March 9, 1862, one of the most famous naval battles in American history occurs as two ironclads, the U.S.S. Monitor and the C.S.S. Virginia, fight to a draw off Hampton Roads, Virginia. The ships pounded each other all morning but their armor plates easily deflected the cannon shots, signaling a new era of steam-powered iron ships.
The C.S.S. Virginia was originally the U.S.S. Merrimack, a 40-gun frigate launched in 1855. The Confederates captured it and covered it in heavy armor plating above the waterline. Outfitted with powerful guns, the Virginia was a formidable vessel when the Confederates launched her in February 1862. On March 8, the Virginia sunk two Union ships and ran one aground off Hampton Roads.
The battle between the Virginia and the Monitor began on the morning of March 9 and continued for four hours. The ships circled one another, jockeying for position as they fired their guns. The cannon balls simply deflected off the iron ships. In the early afternoon, the Virginia pulled back to Norfolk. Neither ship was seriously damaged, but the Monitor effectively ended the short reign of terror that the Confederate ironclad had brought to the Union navy.
Both ships met ignominious ends. When the Yankees invaded the James Peninsula two months after the battle at Hampton Roads, the retreating Confederates scuttled their ironclad. The Monitor went down in bad weather off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, at the end of the year. Though they had short lives, the ships ushered in a new era in naval warfare.
Background from {[history.com/this-day-in-history/u-s-s-monitor-battles-c-s-s-virginia
C. On March 9, 1863 at 2:00 A.M. Captain John S. Mosby and 29 men suddenly appeared in the town of Fairfax Court House, Virginia, 10 miles behind the Union lines. There were thousands of Union troops in the surrounding camps and many in the town. The night being dark and rainy, Mosby and his men had been able to slip past the numerous outposts and pickets as they approached, cutting the telegraph wires to prevent knowledge of their activities from escaping the town. As his men quietly captured the guards, Mosby knocked on the door of General Edwin H. Stoughton's headquarters. The lieutenant answering the door had no choice but to conduct Mosby to the general's bedroom, where Stoughton lay asleep in bed. Mosby awakened Stoughton with a slap on his behind and informed him that he was now a prisoner. When Stoughton was dressed, Mosby escorted him out to the street, where the rangers had gathered 32 other surprised prisoners and 58 horses.
One and one-half hours after arriving at Fairfax Court House, the rangers, never having fired a shot, rode out of town with their prisoners and horses. Using a roundabout route to confuse any pursuers, Mosby and his men made it safely back to Confederate territory. Reporting to General Jeb Stuart, Mosby wrote: "The fruits of this expedition are 1 brigadier general, 2 captains, and 30 men prisoners. We also brought off 58 horses, most of them very fine... I had 29 men with me; sustained no loss. They all behaved admirably."
President Abraham Lincoln, hearing of the raid, expressed more concern for the loss of the horses than
"Hurrah for Mosby! I wish I had a hundred like him!" said Confederate General Robert E. Lee. Lee was exuberant about Captain John S. Mosby and his disciplined band of partisan rangers, who had recently completed a spectacular and daring raid behind the federal lines in northern Virginia his general. He said, "I can make brigadier generals, but I can't make horses."
D. March 9, 1864 President Abraham Lincoln promoted Ulysses S. Grant to Lieutenant General and given command of all active United States forces. He replaced Lieutenant General G. Henry Halleck as “General-in-Chief” who is relieved of duty at his own request. Future USA president Ulysses S. Grant was a much better soldier than president IMHO.
Background from {[http://www.wtv-zone.com/civilwar/fairfax.html]}

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LTC Stephen F.
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As far as I am concerned the most significant act on March 9 during the Civil War was the March 9, 1862, naval battle of Hampton Roads, Virginia as two ironclads, the U.S.S. Monitor and the C.S.S. Virginia [formerly the USS Merrimack.] While these two vessels were taken out of action before the end of the Civil War; armored warships began to dominate naval fleets and by the end of the 19th century most, if not all warships were armored with gun turrets.
The second most significant event for history is the March 9, 1864 President Abraham Lincoln promoting Ulysses S. Grant to Lieutenant General and giving him command of all active United States forces. Future President Ulysses S. Grant's role as commander-in-chief was familiar territory for him. However the machinations and intrigues of politics tripped him up and his presidency is considered one of the low points in presidential history.
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Grant followed by Sherman and then Sheridan were the first to hold the rank of General of the Army.
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