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On October 5, 1953, Earl Warren was sworn in as the 14th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. From the article:
"Earl Warren helped end school segregation with the court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The Fourteenth Amendment didn’t clearly disallow segregation and the doctrine of separate but equal was deemed constitutional in the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson. However, the Plessy decision pertained to transportation, not education. In his written opinion, Warren stated that "in the field of public education, the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."
During its tenure, the Warren Court generated a seismic shift in the area of criminal justice procedure. Beginning in 1961, the case of Mapp v. Ohio questioned whether credible evidence obtained through an illegal search could be admissible in court. In 1914, the Supreme Court ruled in Weeks v. United States that evidence illegally obtained could not be used in federal court. However, that ruling did not extend to the states. In 1961, the Warren Court ruled that illegally obtained evidence is not admissible in state courts due to the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause. Subsequent court rulings have placed some exceptions to this ruling, but its main intent remains in force.
In 1966, the Warren Court made another controversial ruling on criminal justice procedures in the case of Miranda v. Arizona. In a close 5-4 decision, the court ruled that a suspect must be informed of his rights to remain silent and have counsel at the time of arrest, or the arrest and all the evidence obtained are inadmissible in court.
While Earl Warren was chief justice, the court also dealt with state-sponsored discrimination though apportionment of legislative districts. For decades, the state of Alabama had used the 1900 census to apportion representation in state legislative districts. Since then, the population had shifted from rural to urban areas. The greater population in the urban areas (primarily African American and other minorities) was disproportionately represented because the state used the older census. In Reynolds v. Sims (1964), the court ruled that Alabama had to reapportion its state legislative districts based on current population figures. Writing for the Court, Chief Justice Earl Warren argued the right to vote freely and unimpaired preserves all the other basic civil and political rights.
In one of its more personal cases affecting the lives of ordinary people, the Warren Court took on state anti-miscegenation laws banning interracial marriages in the case of Loving v. Virginia (1967). Mildred and Richard Loving were married in Virginia, but soon were convicted of violating the law against interracial marriage. They fled to live in Washington, D.C. for a few years, but then returned to Virginia. The Lovings were arrested, found guilty, and sentenced to a year in jail. Inspired by the Johnson administration’s fight for civil rights, Mildred Loving wrote a letter to then-Attorney General Robert Kennedy, who advised the couple contact the ACLU. Two of its lawyers represented the Loving at the Supreme Court. In a unanimous decision, the Court ruled that anti-miscegenation laws were unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Heads Inquiry Into JFK Assassination
In addition to his work on the Supreme Court, Earl Warren also ran the 1963-64 investigation into the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. He had been asked by President Lyndon B. Johnson to serve on this investigative committee, which became known as the Warren Commission. In the affiliated report, investigators asserted that Kennedy had been killed by a lone gunman, Lee Harvey Oswald. They found no evidence of Oswald's involvement in a larger conspiracy.
After 16 years on the bench, Earl Warren retired from the Supreme Court in 1969. After suffering from a series of heart problems in his final years, Warren died on July 9, 1974, of congestive heart failure. His colleague, Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall, shared his thoughts about Warren with The New York Times, saying 'When history is written, he'll go down as one of the greatest chief justices the country has ever been blessed with.'"
"Earl Warren helped end school segregation with the court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The Fourteenth Amendment didn’t clearly disallow segregation and the doctrine of separate but equal was deemed constitutional in the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson. However, the Plessy decision pertained to transportation, not education. In his written opinion, Warren stated that "in the field of public education, the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."
During its tenure, the Warren Court generated a seismic shift in the area of criminal justice procedure. Beginning in 1961, the case of Mapp v. Ohio questioned whether credible evidence obtained through an illegal search could be admissible in court. In 1914, the Supreme Court ruled in Weeks v. United States that evidence illegally obtained could not be used in federal court. However, that ruling did not extend to the states. In 1961, the Warren Court ruled that illegally obtained evidence is not admissible in state courts due to the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause. Subsequent court rulings have placed some exceptions to this ruling, but its main intent remains in force.
In 1966, the Warren Court made another controversial ruling on criminal justice procedures in the case of Miranda v. Arizona. In a close 5-4 decision, the court ruled that a suspect must be informed of his rights to remain silent and have counsel at the time of arrest, or the arrest and all the evidence obtained are inadmissible in court.
While Earl Warren was chief justice, the court also dealt with state-sponsored discrimination though apportionment of legislative districts. For decades, the state of Alabama had used the 1900 census to apportion representation in state legislative districts. Since then, the population had shifted from rural to urban areas. The greater population in the urban areas (primarily African American and other minorities) was disproportionately represented because the state used the older census. In Reynolds v. Sims (1964), the court ruled that Alabama had to reapportion its state legislative districts based on current population figures. Writing for the Court, Chief Justice Earl Warren argued the right to vote freely and unimpaired preserves all the other basic civil and political rights.
In one of its more personal cases affecting the lives of ordinary people, the Warren Court took on state anti-miscegenation laws banning interracial marriages in the case of Loving v. Virginia (1967). Mildred and Richard Loving were married in Virginia, but soon were convicted of violating the law against interracial marriage. They fled to live in Washington, D.C. for a few years, but then returned to Virginia. The Lovings were arrested, found guilty, and sentenced to a year in jail. Inspired by the Johnson administration’s fight for civil rights, Mildred Loving wrote a letter to then-Attorney General Robert Kennedy, who advised the couple contact the ACLU. Two of its lawyers represented the Loving at the Supreme Court. In a unanimous decision, the Court ruled that anti-miscegenation laws were unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Heads Inquiry Into JFK Assassination
In addition to his work on the Supreme Court, Earl Warren also ran the 1963-64 investigation into the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. He had been asked by President Lyndon B. Johnson to serve on this investigative committee, which became known as the Warren Commission. In the affiliated report, investigators asserted that Kennedy had been killed by a lone gunman, Lee Harvey Oswald. They found no evidence of Oswald's involvement in a larger conspiracy.
After 16 years on the bench, Earl Warren retired from the Supreme Court in 1969. After suffering from a series of heart problems in his final years, Warren died on July 9, 1974, of congestive heart failure. His colleague, Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall, shared his thoughts about Warren with The New York Times, saying 'When history is written, he'll go down as one of the greatest chief justices the country has ever been blessed with.'"
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Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren: A Profile of the Man
A public domain video Earl Warren was an American jurist and politician, who served as the 30th Governor of California (1943–1953) and later the 14th Chief J...
Thank you my friend SGT (Join to see) for making us aware that on October 5, 1953 Earl Warren was sworn in as the 14th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren: A Profile of the Man
Earl Warren was an American jurist and politician, who served as the 30th Governor of California (1943–1953) and later the 14th Chief Justice of the United States (1953–1969).
He is best known for the liberal decisions of the so-called Warren Court, which outlawed segregation in public schools and transformed many areas of American law, especially regarding the rights of the accused, ending public school-sponsored prayers, and requiring "one man–one vote" rules of apportionment of election districts. He made the Supreme Court a power center on a more even basis with Congress and the Presidency, especially through four landmark decisions: Brown v. Board of Education (1954), Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), Reynolds v. Sims (1964), and Miranda v. Arizona (1966).
Warren is the only person elected to three consecutive terms as Governor of California, and with those three elected terms he is second only to Jerry Brown for total gubernatorial wins in California. Before holding these positions, he was the District Attorney for Alameda County, California, and the Attorney General of California.
Warren was the nominee of the Republican Party for Vice President in 1948, as the running mate of Thomas E. Dewey. He was appointed to chair what became known as the Warren Commission, which was formed to investigate the 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kf_tyoABCs
Images:
1. 1960's Justice Earl Warren Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-41653
2. Portrait of Nina Warren (nee Meyers) and her husband, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court Earl Warren as they pose on board the SS America, New York, New York, August 27, 1957 [Getty]
3. Formal portrait of members of the United States Supreme Court, Washington DC, 1962. Pictured are, front row, from left, Justice Tom C Clark, Justice Hugo L Black, Chief Justice Earl Warren
4. 1969-06-23 Outgoing Chief Justice Earl Warren waves from the steps of the U.S. Supreme Court at the end of 16 years on the high tribunal on June 23, 1969
Biographies:
1. thoughtco.com/earl-warren-chief-justice-supreme-court-104781
2.
1.Background from {[https://www.thoughtco.com/earl-warren-chief-justice-supreme-court-104781# /]}Earl Warren, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
By Martin Kelly Updated December 03, 2017
Earl Warren was born on March 19, 1891, in Los Angeles, California to immigrant parents who moved the family to Bakersfield, California in 1894 where Warren would grow up. Warren’s father worked in the railroad industry, and Warren would spend his summer working in railroading. Warren attended the University of California, Berkeley (Cal) for his undergraduate degree, a B.A. in political science in 1912, and his J.D. in 1914 from the Berkeley School of Law.
In 1914, Warren was admitted to the California bar. He took his first legal job working for Associated Oil Company in San Francisco, where he stayed for one year before moving to the Oakland firm of Robinson & Robinson. He remained there until August 1917 when he enlisted in the United States Army to serve in World War I.
Life After World War I
First Lieutenant Warren was discharged from the Army in 1918, and he was hired as a Judicial Committee Clerk for the 1919 Session of the California State Assembly where he stayed until 1920. From 1920 to 1925, Warren was Oakland’s Deputy City Attorney and in 1925, he was appointed as Alameda County’s District Attorney.
During his years as a prosecutor, Warren’s ideology concerning the criminal justice system and law enforcement techniques began taking shape. Warren was re-elected to three four-year terms as Alameda’s D.A., having made a name for himself as a hard-nosed prosecutor who fought public corruption at all levels.
Attorney General of California
In 1938, Warren was elected to California’s Attorney General, and he assumed that office in January 1939. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Attorney General Warren, believing that civil defense was a main function of his office, became the leading proponent of moving Japanese away from the California coast. This resulted in more than 120,000 Japanese being placed in internment camps without any due process rights or charges or any kind officially brought against them. In 1942, Warren called the Japanese presence in California “the Achilles heel of the entire civilian defense effort.” After serving one term, Warren was then elected as California’s 30th Governor taking office in January 1943.
While at Cal, Warren became friends with Robert Gordon Sproul, who would remain close friends throughout his life. In 1948, Sproul nominated Governor Warren for Vice President at the Republican National Convention to be Thomas E. Dewey’s running mate. Harry S. Truman won the Presidential election. Warren would remain as Governor until October 5, 1953 when President Dwight David Eisenhower appointed him to be the 14th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
Career as Supreme Court Chief Justice
While Warren did not have any judicial experience, his years of actively practicing law and political accomplishments placed him in a unique position on the Court and also made him an efficient and influential leader. Warren was also adept at forming majorities that supported his views on major Court opinions.
The Warren Court rendered a number of major decisions. These included:
• Brown v. Board of Education, which declared segregation policies in public schools unconstitutional,
• Loving v. Virginia, which declared anti-miscegenation laws (laws that enforced and/or criminalized racial segregation in marriage and intimate relationships) unconstitutional,
• Griswold v. Connecticut, which stated that the Constitution contains a general right to privacy,
• Abington School District v. Schempp, which prohibited mandatory Bible readings in schools,
• and Engel v. Vitale, which prohibited official prayer in schools.
Also, Warren used his experiences and ideological beliefs from his days as District Attorney to change the landscape in the arena. These cases included:
• Brady v. Maryland, which requires the government to provide exculpatory evidence to a defendant,
• Miranda v. Arizona, which requires that a defendant being questioned by law enforcement must be informed about his rights,
• Gideon v. Wainwright, which requires that legal counsel be provided to indigent defendants during Court proceedings,
• Escobedo v. Illinois, which requires that legal counsel be provided to indigent defendants during interrogation by law enforcement,
• Katz v. United States, which extended Fourth Amendment protection to all areas where a person has a "reasonable expectation of privacy,"
• Terry v. Ohio, which allows law enforcement officer to stop and frisk a person if the police officer has a reasonable suspicion that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime and has a reasonable belief that the person "may be armed and presently dangerous."
In addition to the number of major decisions that the Court released while he was Chief Justice, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him to lead what became known as “The Warren Commission” which investigated and compiled a report about the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
In 1968, Warren tendered his resignation from the Court to President Eisenhower when it became apparent that Richard Milhous Nixon would become the next President. Warren and Nixon had a mutually strong dislike for each other stemming from events that occurred at the 1952 Republican National Convention. Eisenhower attempted to name his replacement but was unable to have the Senate confirm the nomination. Warren ended up retiring in 1969 while Nixon was President and passed away in Washington, D.C., on July 9, 1974.
2. Background from {[https://www.oyez.org/justices/earl_warren]}
Earl Warren
BORN Mar 19, 1891 at Los Angeles, CA
DIED ON Jul 9, 1974
ETHNICITY Scandinavian
RELIGION Protestant
FAMILY STATUS Lower-middle class
MOTHER Chrystal Hernlund
FATHER Methias Warren
FATHER'S OCCUPATION Railroad car mechanicI
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Oct 5, 1953 — Jun 23, 1969
APPOINTED BY Dwight D. Eisenhower
COMMISSIONED ON Oct 2, 1953
SWORN IN ON Oct 5, 1953
SEAT 1
REASON FOR LEAVING Retired
PRECEDED BY Fred M. Vinson
SUCCEEDED BY Warren E. Burger
A self-made man, Chief Justice Earl Warren transformed the judicial system during a tumultuous time for American politics. Earl Warren was born on March 19, 1891, in Los Angeles, California. The second child of Chrystal and Methias Warren, Earl and his sister, Ethel, grew up in a financially conservative family whose values centered on the importance of a good work ethic and education. His family moved to Bakersfield, California, where Warren entered school a year sooner than most children upon his father’s urging. Though his father funded him all the way through college, Warren held a job every summer from the age of nine. One of his jobs was working for Southern Pacific, the company where his father worked as a railroad car mechanic. There he learned lessons about monopolistic power, corruption, and political dominance that shaped his career. Warren went on to college at the University of California at Berkeley.
Warren was little more than an average student, with decent but undistinguished grades. In his senior year of college, Warren entered the University of California Law School at Berkeley. Ever since he was a child, Warren would ride his bicycle to the courthouse square to watch a trial. He was fascinated by the ease with which lawyers presented their cases and their ability to think on their feet. Upon graduation, Warren accepted a job with the Law Department of the Associated Oil Company. Soon after, he joined the firm Robinson and Robinson.
After working at the firm for a year and a half, his plans took a backseat with the onset of World War I. He tried to enlist with the U.S. Armed Forces, but was not chosen. Instead, his perseverance to fight for his country earned him a position in charge of the first ten percent of draftees in Oakland, California. He was soon promoted to first lieutenant and sent to Texas to be a bayonet instructor in the Central Officers Training Camp. He arrived two days before the war ended. Warren was discharged soon after arriving in Texas, and he returned to California to live with his sister and brother-in-law. He became a clerk for the Judiciary Committee of the Assembly and remained in public service for the next fifty years.
Warren’s interest in becoming a lawyer had not subsided, and he decided to seize every opportunity that would help him overcome his fear of public speaking. Along with this came the chance to be acquainted with the district attorney, which helped him become the deputy district attorney. This position exposed him to the tumultuous realm of political turnings, and he became quite adept at recognizing the corruption underlying “cinch bills” introduced to get money from special interests by legislators. While he was Deputy District Attorney, he met his wife, Nina Elizabeth Meyers. Nina and Earl married after Warren was appointed District Attorney of Alameda County on January 12, 1925.
Serving as District Attorney for 13 years, Warren put an end to the scandalous affairs of corrupt bail bond brokers. He also helped lead a crusade against bootleggers during the prohibition years. Warren announced his candidacy for Attorney General, and with the 1938 election he moved from local law enforcement to the realm of state politics.
Warren took a very active role as Attorney General of California. He carefully scrutinized and then shut down activities that had formerly received intermittent attention such as prostitution, gambling, bootlegging, and speakeasies. After he gained support in his role and became a public figure, Warren ran for governor under the nonpartisanship theme and won in 1942.
Warren’s early governorship was characterized by tax reductions, frugal spending, and the creation of revenue surpluses – all marks of a conservative. Later in his career, he supported government involvement with the mentally ill, elderly, and those severely injured, which was a move toward the liberal side. This political stance fit with California Progressivism.
Much like Warren, President Eisenhower was noted for his lack of partisan affiliation. After Chief Justice Fred Vinson died in September 1953, Warren became the likely choice as a successor because of his law enforcement experience. Eisenhower viewed Warren as a fellow moderate Republican and nominated him on the basis of affiliation with national politics. Warren was sworn in as the 14th Chief Justice on October 4, 1953. Since he was not attracted to national politics, however, his role as a “Republican” was not as predictive of his role on the Supreme Court as Ike had thought.
Warren’s position as Chief was one of courage and flexibility in carving new paths. Warren joined the Court in the midst of some of its most important issues – racial segregation in public schools and the expansion of civil liberties. The new Chief proved an effective leader as he brought the Court from division to unanimity in many cases. With this courage came a lack of humility, however. Warren viewed his rule as righteous; those who challenged him, he thought of as violating justice. Despite Warren’s vanity, the air amongst the justices was overwhelmingly cordial.
Growing liberal with age, much of Warren’s decisions were still rooted in Progressive beliefs supported by the rule of common law. Warren viewed crime as mutually exclusive to poverty, education, social conditions, degradation, and standards of law enforcement. Warren gravitated away from the strict hand by which he formerly dealt with perpetrators. Instead, he believed crime could be ridden by improving the condition of cities and thus took into account the influential conditions violators lived within. After the reaction to Brown v. Board of Education, Warren thought of the Court as a protector of the public, the means to restore ethics and mind the conducts of legislators. The Warren Court did not view constitutional law as text alone; it was living.
Chief Justice Warren retired from the Court in June of 1969. At the end of his service, Warren concluded that his greatest contribution to government was his opinion in the reapportionment cases. However, his contribution to racial equality and civil liberties still stands as a testament to his role as a leader in shaping this judicial revolution."
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Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren: A Profile of the Man
Earl Warren was an American jurist and politician, who served as the 30th Governor of California (1943–1953) and later the 14th Chief Justice of the United States (1953–1969).
He is best known for the liberal decisions of the so-called Warren Court, which outlawed segregation in public schools and transformed many areas of American law, especially regarding the rights of the accused, ending public school-sponsored prayers, and requiring "one man–one vote" rules of apportionment of election districts. He made the Supreme Court a power center on a more even basis with Congress and the Presidency, especially through four landmark decisions: Brown v. Board of Education (1954), Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), Reynolds v. Sims (1964), and Miranda v. Arizona (1966).
Warren is the only person elected to three consecutive terms as Governor of California, and with those three elected terms he is second only to Jerry Brown for total gubernatorial wins in California. Before holding these positions, he was the District Attorney for Alameda County, California, and the Attorney General of California.
Warren was the nominee of the Republican Party for Vice President in 1948, as the running mate of Thomas E. Dewey. He was appointed to chair what became known as the Warren Commission, which was formed to investigate the 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kf_tyoABCs
Images:
1. 1960's Justice Earl Warren Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-41653
2. Portrait of Nina Warren (nee Meyers) and her husband, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court Earl Warren as they pose on board the SS America, New York, New York, August 27, 1957 [Getty]
3. Formal portrait of members of the United States Supreme Court, Washington DC, 1962. Pictured are, front row, from left, Justice Tom C Clark, Justice Hugo L Black, Chief Justice Earl Warren
4. 1969-06-23 Outgoing Chief Justice Earl Warren waves from the steps of the U.S. Supreme Court at the end of 16 years on the high tribunal on June 23, 1969
Biographies:
1. thoughtco.com/earl-warren-chief-justice-supreme-court-104781
2.
1.Background from {[https://www.thoughtco.com/earl-warren-chief-justice-supreme-court-104781# /]}Earl Warren, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
By Martin Kelly Updated December 03, 2017
Earl Warren was born on March 19, 1891, in Los Angeles, California to immigrant parents who moved the family to Bakersfield, California in 1894 where Warren would grow up. Warren’s father worked in the railroad industry, and Warren would spend his summer working in railroading. Warren attended the University of California, Berkeley (Cal) for his undergraduate degree, a B.A. in political science in 1912, and his J.D. in 1914 from the Berkeley School of Law.
In 1914, Warren was admitted to the California bar. He took his first legal job working for Associated Oil Company in San Francisco, where he stayed for one year before moving to the Oakland firm of Robinson & Robinson. He remained there until August 1917 when he enlisted in the United States Army to serve in World War I.
Life After World War I
First Lieutenant Warren was discharged from the Army in 1918, and he was hired as a Judicial Committee Clerk for the 1919 Session of the California State Assembly where he stayed until 1920. From 1920 to 1925, Warren was Oakland’s Deputy City Attorney and in 1925, he was appointed as Alameda County’s District Attorney.
During his years as a prosecutor, Warren’s ideology concerning the criminal justice system and law enforcement techniques began taking shape. Warren was re-elected to three four-year terms as Alameda’s D.A., having made a name for himself as a hard-nosed prosecutor who fought public corruption at all levels.
Attorney General of California
In 1938, Warren was elected to California’s Attorney General, and he assumed that office in January 1939. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Attorney General Warren, believing that civil defense was a main function of his office, became the leading proponent of moving Japanese away from the California coast. This resulted in more than 120,000 Japanese being placed in internment camps without any due process rights or charges or any kind officially brought against them. In 1942, Warren called the Japanese presence in California “the Achilles heel of the entire civilian defense effort.” After serving one term, Warren was then elected as California’s 30th Governor taking office in January 1943.
While at Cal, Warren became friends with Robert Gordon Sproul, who would remain close friends throughout his life. In 1948, Sproul nominated Governor Warren for Vice President at the Republican National Convention to be Thomas E. Dewey’s running mate. Harry S. Truman won the Presidential election. Warren would remain as Governor until October 5, 1953 when President Dwight David Eisenhower appointed him to be the 14th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
Career as Supreme Court Chief Justice
While Warren did not have any judicial experience, his years of actively practicing law and political accomplishments placed him in a unique position on the Court and also made him an efficient and influential leader. Warren was also adept at forming majorities that supported his views on major Court opinions.
The Warren Court rendered a number of major decisions. These included:
• Brown v. Board of Education, which declared segregation policies in public schools unconstitutional,
• Loving v. Virginia, which declared anti-miscegenation laws (laws that enforced and/or criminalized racial segregation in marriage and intimate relationships) unconstitutional,
• Griswold v. Connecticut, which stated that the Constitution contains a general right to privacy,
• Abington School District v. Schempp, which prohibited mandatory Bible readings in schools,
• and Engel v. Vitale, which prohibited official prayer in schools.
Also, Warren used his experiences and ideological beliefs from his days as District Attorney to change the landscape in the arena. These cases included:
• Brady v. Maryland, which requires the government to provide exculpatory evidence to a defendant,
• Miranda v. Arizona, which requires that a defendant being questioned by law enforcement must be informed about his rights,
• Gideon v. Wainwright, which requires that legal counsel be provided to indigent defendants during Court proceedings,
• Escobedo v. Illinois, which requires that legal counsel be provided to indigent defendants during interrogation by law enforcement,
• Katz v. United States, which extended Fourth Amendment protection to all areas where a person has a "reasonable expectation of privacy,"
• Terry v. Ohio, which allows law enforcement officer to stop and frisk a person if the police officer has a reasonable suspicion that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime and has a reasonable belief that the person "may be armed and presently dangerous."
In addition to the number of major decisions that the Court released while he was Chief Justice, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him to lead what became known as “The Warren Commission” which investigated and compiled a report about the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
In 1968, Warren tendered his resignation from the Court to President Eisenhower when it became apparent that Richard Milhous Nixon would become the next President. Warren and Nixon had a mutually strong dislike for each other stemming from events that occurred at the 1952 Republican National Convention. Eisenhower attempted to name his replacement but was unable to have the Senate confirm the nomination. Warren ended up retiring in 1969 while Nixon was President and passed away in Washington, D.C., on July 9, 1974.
2. Background from {[https://www.oyez.org/justices/earl_warren]}
Earl Warren
BORN Mar 19, 1891 at Los Angeles, CA
DIED ON Jul 9, 1974
ETHNICITY Scandinavian
RELIGION Protestant
FAMILY STATUS Lower-middle class
MOTHER Chrystal Hernlund
FATHER Methias Warren
FATHER'S OCCUPATION Railroad car mechanicI
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Oct 5, 1953 — Jun 23, 1969
APPOINTED BY Dwight D. Eisenhower
COMMISSIONED ON Oct 2, 1953
SWORN IN ON Oct 5, 1953
SEAT 1
REASON FOR LEAVING Retired
PRECEDED BY Fred M. Vinson
SUCCEEDED BY Warren E. Burger
A self-made man, Chief Justice Earl Warren transformed the judicial system during a tumultuous time for American politics. Earl Warren was born on March 19, 1891, in Los Angeles, California. The second child of Chrystal and Methias Warren, Earl and his sister, Ethel, grew up in a financially conservative family whose values centered on the importance of a good work ethic and education. His family moved to Bakersfield, California, where Warren entered school a year sooner than most children upon his father’s urging. Though his father funded him all the way through college, Warren held a job every summer from the age of nine. One of his jobs was working for Southern Pacific, the company where his father worked as a railroad car mechanic. There he learned lessons about monopolistic power, corruption, and political dominance that shaped his career. Warren went on to college at the University of California at Berkeley.
Warren was little more than an average student, with decent but undistinguished grades. In his senior year of college, Warren entered the University of California Law School at Berkeley. Ever since he was a child, Warren would ride his bicycle to the courthouse square to watch a trial. He was fascinated by the ease with which lawyers presented their cases and their ability to think on their feet. Upon graduation, Warren accepted a job with the Law Department of the Associated Oil Company. Soon after, he joined the firm Robinson and Robinson.
After working at the firm for a year and a half, his plans took a backseat with the onset of World War I. He tried to enlist with the U.S. Armed Forces, but was not chosen. Instead, his perseverance to fight for his country earned him a position in charge of the first ten percent of draftees in Oakland, California. He was soon promoted to first lieutenant and sent to Texas to be a bayonet instructor in the Central Officers Training Camp. He arrived two days before the war ended. Warren was discharged soon after arriving in Texas, and he returned to California to live with his sister and brother-in-law. He became a clerk for the Judiciary Committee of the Assembly and remained in public service for the next fifty years.
Warren’s interest in becoming a lawyer had not subsided, and he decided to seize every opportunity that would help him overcome his fear of public speaking. Along with this came the chance to be acquainted with the district attorney, which helped him become the deputy district attorney. This position exposed him to the tumultuous realm of political turnings, and he became quite adept at recognizing the corruption underlying “cinch bills” introduced to get money from special interests by legislators. While he was Deputy District Attorney, he met his wife, Nina Elizabeth Meyers. Nina and Earl married after Warren was appointed District Attorney of Alameda County on January 12, 1925.
Serving as District Attorney for 13 years, Warren put an end to the scandalous affairs of corrupt bail bond brokers. He also helped lead a crusade against bootleggers during the prohibition years. Warren announced his candidacy for Attorney General, and with the 1938 election he moved from local law enforcement to the realm of state politics.
Warren took a very active role as Attorney General of California. He carefully scrutinized and then shut down activities that had formerly received intermittent attention such as prostitution, gambling, bootlegging, and speakeasies. After he gained support in his role and became a public figure, Warren ran for governor under the nonpartisanship theme and won in 1942.
Warren’s early governorship was characterized by tax reductions, frugal spending, and the creation of revenue surpluses – all marks of a conservative. Later in his career, he supported government involvement with the mentally ill, elderly, and those severely injured, which was a move toward the liberal side. This political stance fit with California Progressivism.
Much like Warren, President Eisenhower was noted for his lack of partisan affiliation. After Chief Justice Fred Vinson died in September 1953, Warren became the likely choice as a successor because of his law enforcement experience. Eisenhower viewed Warren as a fellow moderate Republican and nominated him on the basis of affiliation with national politics. Warren was sworn in as the 14th Chief Justice on October 4, 1953. Since he was not attracted to national politics, however, his role as a “Republican” was not as predictive of his role on the Supreme Court as Ike had thought.
Warren’s position as Chief was one of courage and flexibility in carving new paths. Warren joined the Court in the midst of some of its most important issues – racial segregation in public schools and the expansion of civil liberties. The new Chief proved an effective leader as he brought the Court from division to unanimity in many cases. With this courage came a lack of humility, however. Warren viewed his rule as righteous; those who challenged him, he thought of as violating justice. Despite Warren’s vanity, the air amongst the justices was overwhelmingly cordial.
Growing liberal with age, much of Warren’s decisions were still rooted in Progressive beliefs supported by the rule of common law. Warren viewed crime as mutually exclusive to poverty, education, social conditions, degradation, and standards of law enforcement. Warren gravitated away from the strict hand by which he formerly dealt with perpetrators. Instead, he believed crime could be ridden by improving the condition of cities and thus took into account the influential conditions violators lived within. After the reaction to Brown v. Board of Education, Warren thought of the Court as a protector of the public, the means to restore ethics and mind the conducts of legislators. The Warren Court did not view constitutional law as text alone; it was living.
Chief Justice Warren retired from the Court in June of 1969. At the end of his service, Warren concluded that his greatest contribution to government was his opinion in the reapportionment cases. However, his contribution to racial equality and civil liberties still stands as a testament to his role as a leader in shaping this judicial revolution."
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LTC Stephen F.
Chief Justice Earl Warren - Super Chief
Chief Justice Earl Warren - Super Chief. A documentary on Earl Warren
Chief Justice Earl Warren - Super Chief
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKqbf0cUFMQ
Images
1. The Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States (Artist signed C.J. Fox)
2. Studio portrait of American politician Earl Warren (1891 - 1974). Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and head of the Warren Commission
3. President Kennedy and Chief Justice Earl Warren with their wives, November 1963
4. Earl Warren as a U.S. Army officer in 1918
Warren Court
1. thoughtco.com/earl-warren-chief-justice-supreme-court-104781
2. landmarkcases.org/brown-v-board-of-education/earl-warren
1. Background from {[https://www.thoughtco.com/earl-warren-chief-justice-supreme-court-104781#]}
The Warren Court: Its Impact and Importance by Robert Longley
Robert Longley is a U.S. government and history expert with over 30 years of experience in municipal government. He has written for ThoughtCo since 1997.
Updated August 13, 2019
The Warren Court was the period from October 5, 1953, to June 23, 1969, during which Earl Warren served as chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Along with the Marshall Court of Chief Justice John Marshall from 1801 to 1835, the Warren Court is remembered as one of the two most impactful periods in American constitutional law. Unlike any court before or since, the Warren Court dramatically expanded civil rights and civil liberties, as well as the powers of the judiciary and the federal government.
Key Takeaways: The Warren Court
• The term Warren Court refers to the U.S. Supreme Court as led by Chief Justice Earl Warren from October 5, 1953, to June 23, 1969.
• Today, the Warren Court is considered one of the two most important periods in the history of American constitutional law.
• As Chief Justice, Warren applied his political abilities to guide the court to reaching often controversial decisions that dramatically expanded civil rights and liberties, as well as judicial power.
• The Warren Court effectively ended racial segregation in U.S. public schools, expanded the constitutional rights of defendants, ensured equal representation in state legislatures, outlawed state-sponsored prayer in public schools, and paved the way for the legalization of abortion.
Today, the Warren Court is hailed and criticized for ending racial segregation in the United States, liberally applying the Bill of Rights through the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment, and ending state-sanctioned prayer in public schools.
Warren and Judicial Power
Best known for his ability to manage the Supreme Court and win the support of his fellow justices, Chief Justice Warren was famous for wielding judicial power to force major social changes.
When President Eisenhower appointed Warren as chief justice in 1953, the other eight justices were New Deal liberals appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt or Harry Truman. However, the Supreme Court remained ideologically divided. Justices Felix Frankfurter and Robert H. Jackson favored judicial self-restraint, believing the Court should defer to the wishes of the White House and Congress. On the other side, Justices Hugo Black and William O. Douglas led a majority faction that believed the federal courts should play a leading role in expanding property rights and individual liberties. Warren’s belief that the overriding purpose of the judiciary was to seek justice aligned him with Black and Douglas. When Felix Frankfurter retired in 1962 and was replaced by Justice Arthur Goldberg, Warren found himself in charge of a solid 5-4 liberal majority."
Background from {[https://www.landmarkcases.org/brown-v-board-of-education/earl-warren]}
Landmark Case Biography: Earl Warren (1891–1974)
Earl Warren was Chief Justice during one of the most turbulent times in our nation's history. During his tenure, the Court dealt with controversial cases on civil rights and civil liberties and the very nature of the political system.
Warren was born in Los Angeles, but grew up in Bakersfield, California where his father worked as a railroad car repairman. Bakersfield was a rough and tumble frontier town where Warren recalled seeing "crime and vice of all kinds countenanced by a corrupt government." He worked on the railroad himself in the summer, which left him with knowledge about working people and their problems, as well as with the anti-Asian racism then rampant on the West Coast.
Warren attended the University of California at Berkeley and its law school. After serving a brief stint in the army during World War I, he worked for the Alameda County district attorney's office for eighteen years. During that time he proved to be a tough prosecutor, but he was also sensitive to the rights of the accused and personally fought to secure a public defender for people who could not afford one. A 1931 survey concluded that Earl Warren was the best district attorney in the United States.
From 1938 to 1942, Earl Warren was attorney general of California and was then elected governor. Warren is remembered mostly for his role in demanding the evacuation of Japanese from the West Coast. Though the action seemed inconsistent with his future decisions, Warren maintained during his lifetime that it seemed like the right action at the time. In his memoirs, however, he acknowledged error.
Warren served three terms as governor of California and played a key role in Dwight Eisenhower's nomination for the presidency in 1952. Eisenhower rewarded Warren with the Chief Justice position in 1953. Warren took over a court that was deeply divided between those justices who advocated a more active role for the court and those who supported judicial restraint. He proved skillful at "massing the court" and securing consensus as is evidenced by the unanimous decision in the Brown v. Board of Education case, one of the first cases that he had to deal with as Chief Justice.
The Brown case was the first in a long string of judgments that marked a more active role for the Supreme Court of the United States in American life. The Warren Court took on the defense of individual rights as no court before it. Warren considered this a proper role for the courts; he never saw the role of the judiciary as passive, or somehow inferior to the other two branches of government.
Warren's opinion in Brown has been criticized for its lack of constitutional analysis. In Brown the key finding does not appeal to precedent or to the history of the 14th Amendment. Rather there is an emphasis on common sense, justice, and fairness that can be seen in Warren's reliance on social science and psychological research. Warren was not anti-government, but he believed that the Constitution prohibited the government from acting unfairly against the individual. In taking this position, he carved out a powerful position for the Court as a protector of civil rights and civil liberties."
FYI SGM Gerald FifeMaj Wayne CristSGM Bill FrazerCSM (Join to see)SSG Jeffrey LeakeCSM Bruce TregoSP5 Dennis LobergerSFC Bruce SmithSSG Chad HenningSPC Chris HallgrimsonMSG Glen MillerSSG Robert RicciSSG Paul HeadleeCWO3 Randy WestonSGT John Graham1651880-spc-kerry-good]SFC (Join to see)SSG Samuel KermonSSG Robert Mark OdomCpl (Join to see)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKqbf0cUFMQ
Images
1. The Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States (Artist signed C.J. Fox)
2. Studio portrait of American politician Earl Warren (1891 - 1974). Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and head of the Warren Commission
3. President Kennedy and Chief Justice Earl Warren with their wives, November 1963
4. Earl Warren as a U.S. Army officer in 1918
Warren Court
1. thoughtco.com/earl-warren-chief-justice-supreme-court-104781
2. landmarkcases.org/brown-v-board-of-education/earl-warren
1. Background from {[https://www.thoughtco.com/earl-warren-chief-justice-supreme-court-104781#]}
The Warren Court: Its Impact and Importance by Robert Longley
Robert Longley is a U.S. government and history expert with over 30 years of experience in municipal government. He has written for ThoughtCo since 1997.
Updated August 13, 2019
The Warren Court was the period from October 5, 1953, to June 23, 1969, during which Earl Warren served as chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Along with the Marshall Court of Chief Justice John Marshall from 1801 to 1835, the Warren Court is remembered as one of the two most impactful periods in American constitutional law. Unlike any court before or since, the Warren Court dramatically expanded civil rights and civil liberties, as well as the powers of the judiciary and the federal government.
Key Takeaways: The Warren Court
• The term Warren Court refers to the U.S. Supreme Court as led by Chief Justice Earl Warren from October 5, 1953, to June 23, 1969.
• Today, the Warren Court is considered one of the two most important periods in the history of American constitutional law.
• As Chief Justice, Warren applied his political abilities to guide the court to reaching often controversial decisions that dramatically expanded civil rights and liberties, as well as judicial power.
• The Warren Court effectively ended racial segregation in U.S. public schools, expanded the constitutional rights of defendants, ensured equal representation in state legislatures, outlawed state-sponsored prayer in public schools, and paved the way for the legalization of abortion.
Today, the Warren Court is hailed and criticized for ending racial segregation in the United States, liberally applying the Bill of Rights through the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment, and ending state-sanctioned prayer in public schools.
Warren and Judicial Power
Best known for his ability to manage the Supreme Court and win the support of his fellow justices, Chief Justice Warren was famous for wielding judicial power to force major social changes.
When President Eisenhower appointed Warren as chief justice in 1953, the other eight justices were New Deal liberals appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt or Harry Truman. However, the Supreme Court remained ideologically divided. Justices Felix Frankfurter and Robert H. Jackson favored judicial self-restraint, believing the Court should defer to the wishes of the White House and Congress. On the other side, Justices Hugo Black and William O. Douglas led a majority faction that believed the federal courts should play a leading role in expanding property rights and individual liberties. Warren’s belief that the overriding purpose of the judiciary was to seek justice aligned him with Black and Douglas. When Felix Frankfurter retired in 1962 and was replaced by Justice Arthur Goldberg, Warren found himself in charge of a solid 5-4 liberal majority."
Background from {[https://www.landmarkcases.org/brown-v-board-of-education/earl-warren]}
Landmark Case Biography: Earl Warren (1891–1974)
Earl Warren was Chief Justice during one of the most turbulent times in our nation's history. During his tenure, the Court dealt with controversial cases on civil rights and civil liberties and the very nature of the political system.
Warren was born in Los Angeles, but grew up in Bakersfield, California where his father worked as a railroad car repairman. Bakersfield was a rough and tumble frontier town where Warren recalled seeing "crime and vice of all kinds countenanced by a corrupt government." He worked on the railroad himself in the summer, which left him with knowledge about working people and their problems, as well as with the anti-Asian racism then rampant on the West Coast.
Warren attended the University of California at Berkeley and its law school. After serving a brief stint in the army during World War I, he worked for the Alameda County district attorney's office for eighteen years. During that time he proved to be a tough prosecutor, but he was also sensitive to the rights of the accused and personally fought to secure a public defender for people who could not afford one. A 1931 survey concluded that Earl Warren was the best district attorney in the United States.
From 1938 to 1942, Earl Warren was attorney general of California and was then elected governor. Warren is remembered mostly for his role in demanding the evacuation of Japanese from the West Coast. Though the action seemed inconsistent with his future decisions, Warren maintained during his lifetime that it seemed like the right action at the time. In his memoirs, however, he acknowledged error.
Warren served three terms as governor of California and played a key role in Dwight Eisenhower's nomination for the presidency in 1952. Eisenhower rewarded Warren with the Chief Justice position in 1953. Warren took over a court that was deeply divided between those justices who advocated a more active role for the court and those who supported judicial restraint. He proved skillful at "massing the court" and securing consensus as is evidenced by the unanimous decision in the Brown v. Board of Education case, one of the first cases that he had to deal with as Chief Justice.
The Brown case was the first in a long string of judgments that marked a more active role for the Supreme Court of the United States in American life. The Warren Court took on the defense of individual rights as no court before it. Warren considered this a proper role for the courts; he never saw the role of the judiciary as passive, or somehow inferior to the other two branches of government.
Warren's opinion in Brown has been criticized for its lack of constitutional analysis. In Brown the key finding does not appeal to precedent or to the history of the 14th Amendment. Rather there is an emphasis on common sense, justice, and fairness that can be seen in Warren's reliance on social science and psychological research. Warren was not anti-government, but he believed that the Constitution prohibited the government from acting unfairly against the individual. In taking this position, he carved out a powerful position for the Court as a protector of civil rights and civil liberties."
FYI SGM Gerald FifeMaj Wayne CristSGM Bill FrazerCSM (Join to see)SSG Jeffrey LeakeCSM Bruce TregoSP5 Dennis LobergerSFC Bruce SmithSSG Chad HenningSPC Chris HallgrimsonMSG Glen MillerSSG Robert RicciSSG Paul HeadleeCWO3 Randy WestonSGT John Graham1651880-spc-kerry-good]SFC (Join to see)SSG Samuel KermonSSG Robert Mark OdomCpl (Join to see)
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LTC Stephen F. this is certainly a name from history. Although I was a child, his name was very prominent in the adult world.
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As a four year-old at the time, I don't remember him being sworn in, but I certainly remember him as being Chief Justice through out my youth. What I remember most about him is the Warren Commission.
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Those were the days... Warren was a Baltimore Orioles fan and I saw him on occasion sitting in the upper deck at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, wearing jeans and a flannel shirt while drinking a National Boh (Bohemian beer - worst stuff ever) and eating a hot dog, cheering for his O's. Not a bodyguard in sight (and it would be easy to see them inasmuch as the Orioles never attracted more than a couple thousand people to a game)
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