Posted on Oct 16, 2020
Jack Johnson KOs Stanley Ketchel This Day October 16, 1909 Retains Crown
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On October 16, 1909, in his 4th title defense, Jack Johnson KOd Stanley Ketchel in the 12th round at Mission St Arena, Colma, California to retain his heavyweight boxing crown. Legend has it that Ketchel and Johnson made an agreement to go the full twenty rounds for the cameras. Ketchel saw an opening in the 12, and he went for the knockout. Johnson got up immediately and knocked Ketchel out. It is reputed that Johnson not only knocked him out, but he also swiped Ketchel's embedded teeth from his glove. This occurs at 10:49 of the video.
Boxing
Fighting
World History
American History
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"Boxing's Best - Jack Johnson" (Documentary)
Great Documentary about Heavyweight Legend Jack Johnson______________________________________________________________________________________Tags: boxing's b...
Thank you my friend SGT (Join to see) for making us aware that on October 16, 1909 in his 4th title defense, Jack Johnson KOd Stanley Ketchel in the 12th round at Mission St Arena, Colma, California to retain his heavyweight boxing crown.
"Boxing's Best - Jack Johnson" (Documentary)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9vZ3cY4-Aw
Images:
1. Controversial boxer John Arthur 'Jack' Johnson of Galveston, Texas.
2. John Arthur 'Jack' Johnson knocked out Jim Jeffries in the 15th round of their meeting.
3. In 1911 John Arthur 'Jack' Johnson married Etta Terry Duryea, he beat her many times and suffering from severe depression, she committed suicide a year later in 1912.
4. Tommy Burns versus Jack Johnson on December 26, 1908 Australia crowned him as the first African American heavyweight champ
Biographies:
1. thoughtco.com/jack-johnson-inventor-4078001
2. blackpast.org/african-american-history/johnson-jack-1878-1946
Background from {[https://www.thoughtco.com/jack-johnson-inventor-4078001]}
Biography of Jack Johnson, American Boxing Champion
By Mary Bellis; Updated May 15, 2019
Jack Johnson (March 31, 1878–June 10, 1946) was an American boxer who became the world's first Black American heavyweight champion. He came to fame during the Jim Crow era, when the South was still racially segregated. Johnson's success in the ring made him one of the most famous Black Americans of his time.
Fast Facts: Jack Johnson
• Known For: Johnson was a Black American boxer who reigned as the heavyweight champion from 1908 to 1915.
• Also Known As: John Arthur Johnson, Galveston Giant
• Born: March 31, 1878 in Galveston, Texas
• Parents: Henry and Tina Johnson
• Died: June 10, 1946 in Raleigh, North Carolina
• Published Works: My Life and Battles (1914), Jack Johnson: In the Ring and Out (1927)
• Awards and Honors: International Boxing Hall of Fame
• Spouse(s): Etta Terry Duryea (m. 1911-1912), Lucille Cameron (m. 1912-1924), Irene Pineau (m. 1925-1946)
Early Life
Jack Johnson was born John Arthur Johnson on March 31, 1878, in Galveston, Texas. His parents Henry and Tina Johnson were formerly enslaved; his father worked as a janitor and his mother worked as a dishwasher. Johnson left school after only a few years and went to work at the docks. He later moved to Dallas, where he first began learning how to box, and then Manhattan, where he roomed with boxer Barbados Joe Walcott. Johnson eventually returned to Galveston, where he participated in his first professional match on November 1, 1898. Johnson won the fight.
Boxing Career
Johnson boxed professionally from 1898 through 1928 and in exhibition matches until 1945. He fought 113 fights, winning 79 matches, 44 of them by knockouts. He defeated Canadian Tommy Burns on December 26, 1908, in the World Boxing Championship held in Sydney, Australia. This began a quest to find a "Great White Hope" to defeat him. James Jeffries, a leading White fighter, came out of retirement to answer the challenge.
The ensuing match—known as the "Fight of the Century"—took place on July 4, 1910, in Reno, Nevada, in front of a crowd of 20,000 people. The fight went on for 15 rounds, with Jeffries growing wearier and wearier. He was even knocked down—for the first time in his career—twice. His team decided to surrender to save Jeffries from having a knockout on his record.
For the fight, Johnson earned $65,000. News of Jeffries' defeat ignited numerous incidents of violence by White people against Black people, but Black poet William Waring Cuney captured the exuberant Black American reaction in his poem “My Lord, What a Morning:"
O my Lord,
What a morning,
O my Lord,
What a feeling,
When Jack Johnson
Turned Jim Jeffries'
Snow-white face
to the ceiling.
The Johnson-Jefferies fight was filmed and became one of the most popular motion pictures of the era. However, there was a strong movement to censor the film, as many people did not want to publicize the news of Johnson's victory.
Johnson won the heavyweight title when he knocked out Tommy Burns in 1908, and he held onto the title until April 5, 1915, when he was knocked out by Jess Willard in the 26th round of the world championship fight in Havana, Cuba. Johnson defended his heavyweight championship three times in Paris before his fight against Jess Willard. He continued boxing professionally until 1938, when, well past his prime, he lost his final match to Walter Price.
Johnson was known for his defensive fighting style; he preferred to gradually wear down his opponents rather than going for a knockout. With each passing round, as his opponents became more exhausted, Johnson would ratchet up his attacks until going for the final blow.
Personal Life
Johnson received bad publicity because of his three marriages, all to White women. Interracial marriages were prohibited in most of America at the time. He was convicted of violating the Mann Act in 1912 when he transported his wife across state lines before their marriage and was sentenced to a year in prison.
Fearing for his safety, Johnson escaped while he was out on appeal. Posing as a member of a Black baseball team, he fled to Canada and later to Europe and remained a fugitive for seven years.
Wrench Patent
In 1920, Johnson decided to return to the U.S. to serve his sentence. It was during this time that, searching for a tool that would tighten or loosen nuts and bolts, he made improvements to the design of the monkey wrench. Johnson received a patent for his innovations in 1922.
Johnson’s wrench was unique in that it could be easily taken apart for cleaning or repair and its gripping action was superior to that of other tools on the market at the time. Johnson is credited with coining the term “wrench.”
Later Years
After his release from prison, Jack Johnson's boxing career declined. He worked in vaudeville to make ends meet, even appearing with a trained flea act. He opened a night club in Harlem in 1920; it was later purchased from him and renamed the Cotton Club. Johnson wrote two memoirs, "Mes Combats" in 1914, and "Jack Johnson: In the Ring and Out" in 1927.
Death
On June 10, 1946, Johnson was in an automobile accident near Raleigh, North Carolina, after speeding away from a diner where he was refused service. He was rushed to the nearest Black hospital, where he died at the age of 68. Johnson was buried in Graceland Cemetery in Chicago.
Legacy
Johnson was inducted into the Boxing Hall of Fame in 1954, followed by the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1990. His career inspired numerous people, including heavyweight champion Muhammed Ali and jazz trumpeter Miles Davis, who recorded an album in 1971 called "A Tribute to Jack Johnson." The 1910 film of Johnson's famous fight against James Jefferies was added to the National Film Registry in 2005. Johnson's life was the inspiration for the 1970 film "The Great White Hope."
On May 24, 2018, President Donald Trump issued a posthumous pardon for Johnson's 1912 conviction. Trump called the heavyweight champion "one of the greatest that ever lived" and "a truly great fighter."
Sources
• Johnson, Jack. "Jack Johnson: in the Ring and Out." Kessinger Pub., 2007.
• “Remarks by President Trump at Pardoning of John Arthur ‘Jack’ Johnson.” The White House, The United States Government.
• Ward, Geoffrey C. "Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson." Yellow Jersey Press, 2015.
2. Background from {[https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/johnson-jack-1878-1946/}]
JACK JOHNSON (1878-1946)
POSTED ONF EBRUARY 12, 2007BY CONTRIBUTED BY: DWAYNE MACK
Jack Johnson, the first African American and first Texan to win the heavyweight boxing championship of the world, was born the second of six children to Henry and Tiny Johnson in Galveston on March 31, 1878. His parents were former slaves. To help support his family, Jack Johnson left school in the fifth grade to work on the dock in his port city hometown. In the 1890s Johnson began boxing as a teenager in “battles royal” matches where white spectators watched black men fight and at the end of the contest tossed money at the winner.
Johnson turned professional in 1897 but four years later he was arrested and jailed because boxing was at that time a criminal sport in Texas. After his release from jail he left Texas to pursue the title of “Negro” heavyweight boxing champion. Although he made a good living as a boxer, Johnson for six years sought a title fight with the white heavyweight champion, James J. Jeffries. Jeffries denied Johnson and other African American boxers a shot at his title and he retired undefeated in 1904.
Nevertheless, Johnson’s reputation as a skilled ring tactician continued to grow as he defeated both black and white boxers. Finally, in 1908, Johnson fought a white champion Tommy Burns in Australia for $30,000, then the highest purse in boxing history. Johnson knocked out Burns in the 14th round to become the first African American heavyweight champion of the world.
Johnson’s capture of the title initiated a search among white promoters for a “great white hope” to defeat the black champion and reclaim the title for white America. They eventually lured Jim Jeffries out of retirement to face Johnson. On July 4, 1910, in what would be billed as the “Battle of the Century,” Johnson finally fought and beat Jeffries in Reno, Nevada to retain his title. Newspapers warned Johnson and his supporters against gloating over the victory. Nonetheless, scores of African Americans and some whites died as a result of the race rioting that broke out in cities across the nation in response to Johnson’s victory. In fear of more race riots, the Texas legislature banned all films showing the black fighter’s wins over any of his white opponents.
Johnson also attracted considerable condemnation because of his unabashed sexual relationships with numerous white women. In 1913, Johnson fled the United States because federal officials charged him with violating the Mann Act, which prohibited the transportation of women across state lines for prostitution, debauchery, or immoral acts.
While in exile in Cuba, Johnson lost his title in 1914 to little known white boxer Jess Willard. Failing to get other matches abroad, Johnson returned to the U.S. in 1920 to surrender to Federal authorities. He was tried and convicted for violation of the Mann Act and sentenced to a year and a day in the Federal penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas. Ironically, Johnson was appointed athletic director of the prison while still an inmate. Upon his release from prison in 1921, he returned to the ring, participating only in exhibition fights. Promoters never again gave Johnson another title shot.
Jack Johnson married three white women in succession, Etta Duryea, Lucille Cameron, and Irene Pineau, but those unions failed to produce children. On October 6, 1946, after a North Carolina diner denied him service, he stormed out of the business and soon afterwards crashed his car. Johnson died from the impact. He was 68. The Boxing Hall of Fame posthumously inducted Johnson in 1954 and he received the same honor from the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1990."
FYI COL Mikel J. Burroughs SMSgt Lawrence McCarter SPC Michael Duricko, Ph.D GySgt Thomas Vick MSG Felipe De Leon Brown SGT Denny Espinosa SSG Stephen Rogerson SPC Matthew Lamb LTC (Join to see) LTC Greg Henning Maj Bill Smith, Ph.D. MAJ Dale E. Wilson, Ph.D. Maj Kim Patterson PO1 William "Chip" Nagel PO2 (Join to see) SSG Franklin Briant SPC Woody Bullard TSgt David L. MSgt Robert "Rock" Aldi
"Boxing's Best - Jack Johnson" (Documentary)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9vZ3cY4-Aw
Images:
1. Controversial boxer John Arthur 'Jack' Johnson of Galveston, Texas.
2. John Arthur 'Jack' Johnson knocked out Jim Jeffries in the 15th round of their meeting.
3. In 1911 John Arthur 'Jack' Johnson married Etta Terry Duryea, he beat her many times and suffering from severe depression, she committed suicide a year later in 1912.
4. Tommy Burns versus Jack Johnson on December 26, 1908 Australia crowned him as the first African American heavyweight champ
Biographies:
1. thoughtco.com/jack-johnson-inventor-4078001
2. blackpast.org/african-american-history/johnson-jack-1878-1946
Background from {[https://www.thoughtco.com/jack-johnson-inventor-4078001]}
Biography of Jack Johnson, American Boxing Champion
By Mary Bellis; Updated May 15, 2019
Jack Johnson (March 31, 1878–June 10, 1946) was an American boxer who became the world's first Black American heavyweight champion. He came to fame during the Jim Crow era, when the South was still racially segregated. Johnson's success in the ring made him one of the most famous Black Americans of his time.
Fast Facts: Jack Johnson
• Known For: Johnson was a Black American boxer who reigned as the heavyweight champion from 1908 to 1915.
• Also Known As: John Arthur Johnson, Galveston Giant
• Born: March 31, 1878 in Galveston, Texas
• Parents: Henry and Tina Johnson
• Died: June 10, 1946 in Raleigh, North Carolina
• Published Works: My Life and Battles (1914), Jack Johnson: In the Ring and Out (1927)
• Awards and Honors: International Boxing Hall of Fame
• Spouse(s): Etta Terry Duryea (m. 1911-1912), Lucille Cameron (m. 1912-1924), Irene Pineau (m. 1925-1946)
Early Life
Jack Johnson was born John Arthur Johnson on March 31, 1878, in Galveston, Texas. His parents Henry and Tina Johnson were formerly enslaved; his father worked as a janitor and his mother worked as a dishwasher. Johnson left school after only a few years and went to work at the docks. He later moved to Dallas, where he first began learning how to box, and then Manhattan, where he roomed with boxer Barbados Joe Walcott. Johnson eventually returned to Galveston, where he participated in his first professional match on November 1, 1898. Johnson won the fight.
Boxing Career
Johnson boxed professionally from 1898 through 1928 and in exhibition matches until 1945. He fought 113 fights, winning 79 matches, 44 of them by knockouts. He defeated Canadian Tommy Burns on December 26, 1908, in the World Boxing Championship held in Sydney, Australia. This began a quest to find a "Great White Hope" to defeat him. James Jeffries, a leading White fighter, came out of retirement to answer the challenge.
The ensuing match—known as the "Fight of the Century"—took place on July 4, 1910, in Reno, Nevada, in front of a crowd of 20,000 people. The fight went on for 15 rounds, with Jeffries growing wearier and wearier. He was even knocked down—for the first time in his career—twice. His team decided to surrender to save Jeffries from having a knockout on his record.
For the fight, Johnson earned $65,000. News of Jeffries' defeat ignited numerous incidents of violence by White people against Black people, but Black poet William Waring Cuney captured the exuberant Black American reaction in his poem “My Lord, What a Morning:"
O my Lord,
What a morning,
O my Lord,
What a feeling,
When Jack Johnson
Turned Jim Jeffries'
Snow-white face
to the ceiling.
The Johnson-Jefferies fight was filmed and became one of the most popular motion pictures of the era. However, there was a strong movement to censor the film, as many people did not want to publicize the news of Johnson's victory.
Johnson won the heavyweight title when he knocked out Tommy Burns in 1908, and he held onto the title until April 5, 1915, when he was knocked out by Jess Willard in the 26th round of the world championship fight in Havana, Cuba. Johnson defended his heavyweight championship three times in Paris before his fight against Jess Willard. He continued boxing professionally until 1938, when, well past his prime, he lost his final match to Walter Price.
Johnson was known for his defensive fighting style; he preferred to gradually wear down his opponents rather than going for a knockout. With each passing round, as his opponents became more exhausted, Johnson would ratchet up his attacks until going for the final blow.
Personal Life
Johnson received bad publicity because of his three marriages, all to White women. Interracial marriages were prohibited in most of America at the time. He was convicted of violating the Mann Act in 1912 when he transported his wife across state lines before their marriage and was sentenced to a year in prison.
Fearing for his safety, Johnson escaped while he was out on appeal. Posing as a member of a Black baseball team, he fled to Canada and later to Europe and remained a fugitive for seven years.
Wrench Patent
In 1920, Johnson decided to return to the U.S. to serve his sentence. It was during this time that, searching for a tool that would tighten or loosen nuts and bolts, he made improvements to the design of the monkey wrench. Johnson received a patent for his innovations in 1922.
Johnson’s wrench was unique in that it could be easily taken apart for cleaning or repair and its gripping action was superior to that of other tools on the market at the time. Johnson is credited with coining the term “wrench.”
Later Years
After his release from prison, Jack Johnson's boxing career declined. He worked in vaudeville to make ends meet, even appearing with a trained flea act. He opened a night club in Harlem in 1920; it was later purchased from him and renamed the Cotton Club. Johnson wrote two memoirs, "Mes Combats" in 1914, and "Jack Johnson: In the Ring and Out" in 1927.
Death
On June 10, 1946, Johnson was in an automobile accident near Raleigh, North Carolina, after speeding away from a diner where he was refused service. He was rushed to the nearest Black hospital, where he died at the age of 68. Johnson was buried in Graceland Cemetery in Chicago.
Legacy
Johnson was inducted into the Boxing Hall of Fame in 1954, followed by the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1990. His career inspired numerous people, including heavyweight champion Muhammed Ali and jazz trumpeter Miles Davis, who recorded an album in 1971 called "A Tribute to Jack Johnson." The 1910 film of Johnson's famous fight against James Jefferies was added to the National Film Registry in 2005. Johnson's life was the inspiration for the 1970 film "The Great White Hope."
On May 24, 2018, President Donald Trump issued a posthumous pardon for Johnson's 1912 conviction. Trump called the heavyweight champion "one of the greatest that ever lived" and "a truly great fighter."
Sources
• Johnson, Jack. "Jack Johnson: in the Ring and Out." Kessinger Pub., 2007.
• “Remarks by President Trump at Pardoning of John Arthur ‘Jack’ Johnson.” The White House, The United States Government.
• Ward, Geoffrey C. "Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson." Yellow Jersey Press, 2015.
2. Background from {[https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/johnson-jack-1878-1946/}]
JACK JOHNSON (1878-1946)
POSTED ONF EBRUARY 12, 2007BY CONTRIBUTED BY: DWAYNE MACK
Jack Johnson, the first African American and first Texan to win the heavyweight boxing championship of the world, was born the second of six children to Henry and Tiny Johnson in Galveston on March 31, 1878. His parents were former slaves. To help support his family, Jack Johnson left school in the fifth grade to work on the dock in his port city hometown. In the 1890s Johnson began boxing as a teenager in “battles royal” matches where white spectators watched black men fight and at the end of the contest tossed money at the winner.
Johnson turned professional in 1897 but four years later he was arrested and jailed because boxing was at that time a criminal sport in Texas. After his release from jail he left Texas to pursue the title of “Negro” heavyweight boxing champion. Although he made a good living as a boxer, Johnson for six years sought a title fight with the white heavyweight champion, James J. Jeffries. Jeffries denied Johnson and other African American boxers a shot at his title and he retired undefeated in 1904.
Nevertheless, Johnson’s reputation as a skilled ring tactician continued to grow as he defeated both black and white boxers. Finally, in 1908, Johnson fought a white champion Tommy Burns in Australia for $30,000, then the highest purse in boxing history. Johnson knocked out Burns in the 14th round to become the first African American heavyweight champion of the world.
Johnson’s capture of the title initiated a search among white promoters for a “great white hope” to defeat the black champion and reclaim the title for white America. They eventually lured Jim Jeffries out of retirement to face Johnson. On July 4, 1910, in what would be billed as the “Battle of the Century,” Johnson finally fought and beat Jeffries in Reno, Nevada to retain his title. Newspapers warned Johnson and his supporters against gloating over the victory. Nonetheless, scores of African Americans and some whites died as a result of the race rioting that broke out in cities across the nation in response to Johnson’s victory. In fear of more race riots, the Texas legislature banned all films showing the black fighter’s wins over any of his white opponents.
Johnson also attracted considerable condemnation because of his unabashed sexual relationships with numerous white women. In 1913, Johnson fled the United States because federal officials charged him with violating the Mann Act, which prohibited the transportation of women across state lines for prostitution, debauchery, or immoral acts.
While in exile in Cuba, Johnson lost his title in 1914 to little known white boxer Jess Willard. Failing to get other matches abroad, Johnson returned to the U.S. in 1920 to surrender to Federal authorities. He was tried and convicted for violation of the Mann Act and sentenced to a year and a day in the Federal penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas. Ironically, Johnson was appointed athletic director of the prison while still an inmate. Upon his release from prison in 1921, he returned to the ring, participating only in exhibition fights. Promoters never again gave Johnson another title shot.
Jack Johnson married three white women in succession, Etta Duryea, Lucille Cameron, and Irene Pineau, but those unions failed to produce children. On October 6, 1946, after a North Carolina diner denied him service, he stormed out of the business and soon afterwards crashed his car. Johnson died from the impact. He was 68. The Boxing Hall of Fame posthumously inducted Johnson in 1954 and he received the same honor from the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1990."
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LTC Stephen F.
Jack Johnson Breaking Barriers Documentary
Jack Johnson Breaking Barriers Documentary
Jack Johnson Breaking Barriers Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A41nF2hGRPg
Images
1. President Donald Trump issued a posthumous pardon for Johnson's 1913 conviction on May 24, 2018.
2. Jack Johnson in 1908 in a photograph by Otto Saron
3. Jack Johnson (on the right), Joe Flynn on left at Las Vegas, New Mexico, July 4, 1912
4. Johnson with his second wife Lucille in 1921. Their relationship led to Johnson's first 1912 arrest.
Background from {[
Jack Johnson (his real name was Arthur John, and he was also known as Lil' Arthur), the first black to win the world heavyweight boxing championship, was born in Galveston on March 31, 1878, of poor parents. He was the second of six children of Henry (a former slave) and Tiny Johnson. He left school in the fifth grade. Young Johnson began traveling in South Texas, picking up odd jobs as a porter, barber's helper, dockworker, and general laborer. He began his fighting career as a sparring partner and participated in so-called battles royal, where black youths fought each other and white spectators threw money to the winner. He started fighting in private clubs in the Galveston area, and became a professional prizefighter in 1897. The Galveston hurricane of 1900 destroyed his family's home, and the next year he was jailed for boxing—at that time it was illegal in Texas. He subsequently left Galveston and did not return. Johnson began wandering the country, fighting and gaining increasing recognition. In 1903 he won the Negro heavyweight championship. Jim Jeffries, the reigning white heavyweight champion, refused to cross the color line and fight him. Johnson had to wait until 1908, when he defeated Tommy Burns in Australia, to technically win the world heavyweight boxing championship; even then he was not officially recognized as the champion. The actual heavyweight championship title was bestowed on him on July 4, 1910, in Reno, Nevada, when he defeated Jim Jeffries, who had stepped out of retirement to become the first in a series of recruited "white hopes." Race riots erupted after the match. After his victory, Johnson continued to fight and also appeared in several vaudeville skits. In 1913 he fled a contrived conviction for a violation of the Mann Act, which forbade the transportation of white women interstate for the purpose of prostitution. Facing a year in prison and a $1,000 fine if he remained in the United States, Johnson toured Europe, Mexico, and Canada and hoped for a pardon. He lost his championship to white Jess Willard in Cuba in 1915. On July 20, 1920, he returned to the United States and was arrested. He was jailed in Leavenworth Prison, where he was appointed the athletic director of the penitentiary. After his release, he returned to boxing, but his professional career was over. By 1928 he was only taking part in exhibition fights; he managed, refereed, and occasionally trained boxers. He also gave speeches, selling war bonds during World War II. Johnson was a nonconformist; as his career took off he turned to white women, fast cars, and expensive jewels, defying an antagonistic press and public. Known "for his arrogance, his golden smile, and his white wives," Johnson married Etta Terry Duryea in 1911. She committed suicide in 1912, and he married Lucille Cameron in 1913. They were divorced in 1924, and he married Irene Marie Pineau in 1925. He did not have any children. Johnson died in an automobile crash on June 10, 1946, near Raleigh, North Carolina. President Donald Trump issued a posthumous pardon for Johnson's 1913 conviction on May 24, 2018."
FYI SSG Michael Noll LTC Wayne Brandon LTC (Join to see) SCPO Morris Ramsey SGT (Join to see) SFC William Farrell PO1 H Gene LawrenceMaj Marty Hogan SMSgt David A Asbury Cpl (Join to see)SSG Jimmy CernichSSG Jeffrey LeakeCPL Dave Hoover SSG Samuel KermonSSG Donald H "Don" Bates SGT Gregory Lawritson SGT John " Mac " McConnell CWO3 Dennis M. SPC Matthew Lamb MSgt Paul Connors
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A41nF2hGRPg
Images
1. President Donald Trump issued a posthumous pardon for Johnson's 1913 conviction on May 24, 2018.
2. Jack Johnson in 1908 in a photograph by Otto Saron
3. Jack Johnson (on the right), Joe Flynn on left at Las Vegas, New Mexico, July 4, 1912
4. Johnson with his second wife Lucille in 1921. Their relationship led to Johnson's first 1912 arrest.
Background from {[
Jack Johnson (his real name was Arthur John, and he was also known as Lil' Arthur), the first black to win the world heavyweight boxing championship, was born in Galveston on March 31, 1878, of poor parents. He was the second of six children of Henry (a former slave) and Tiny Johnson. He left school in the fifth grade. Young Johnson began traveling in South Texas, picking up odd jobs as a porter, barber's helper, dockworker, and general laborer. He began his fighting career as a sparring partner and participated in so-called battles royal, where black youths fought each other and white spectators threw money to the winner. He started fighting in private clubs in the Galveston area, and became a professional prizefighter in 1897. The Galveston hurricane of 1900 destroyed his family's home, and the next year he was jailed for boxing—at that time it was illegal in Texas. He subsequently left Galveston and did not return. Johnson began wandering the country, fighting and gaining increasing recognition. In 1903 he won the Negro heavyweight championship. Jim Jeffries, the reigning white heavyweight champion, refused to cross the color line and fight him. Johnson had to wait until 1908, when he defeated Tommy Burns in Australia, to technically win the world heavyweight boxing championship; even then he was not officially recognized as the champion. The actual heavyweight championship title was bestowed on him on July 4, 1910, in Reno, Nevada, when he defeated Jim Jeffries, who had stepped out of retirement to become the first in a series of recruited "white hopes." Race riots erupted after the match. After his victory, Johnson continued to fight and also appeared in several vaudeville skits. In 1913 he fled a contrived conviction for a violation of the Mann Act, which forbade the transportation of white women interstate for the purpose of prostitution. Facing a year in prison and a $1,000 fine if he remained in the United States, Johnson toured Europe, Mexico, and Canada and hoped for a pardon. He lost his championship to white Jess Willard in Cuba in 1915. On July 20, 1920, he returned to the United States and was arrested. He was jailed in Leavenworth Prison, where he was appointed the athletic director of the penitentiary. After his release, he returned to boxing, but his professional career was over. By 1928 he was only taking part in exhibition fights; he managed, refereed, and occasionally trained boxers. He also gave speeches, selling war bonds during World War II. Johnson was a nonconformist; as his career took off he turned to white women, fast cars, and expensive jewels, defying an antagonistic press and public. Known "for his arrogance, his golden smile, and his white wives," Johnson married Etta Terry Duryea in 1911. She committed suicide in 1912, and he married Lucille Cameron in 1913. They were divorced in 1924, and he married Irene Marie Pineau in 1925. He did not have any children. Johnson died in an automobile crash on June 10, 1946, near Raleigh, North Carolina. President Donald Trump issued a posthumous pardon for Johnson's 1913 conviction on May 24, 2018."
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