Every Country England Has Invaded: Visualized

Thank you my friend LTC Greg Henning for posting an interesting yet mistaken documentary. The video omits mention of how many times England was invaded and by whom dating back to pre-Roman times.

Image:
1. UK History summary

History of England - Documentary
Corrections
1.The tollundman was erroneously referred to as a corpse from the British Isles. He was, in fact, from Scandinavia.
2. Strathclyde was listed as a "Scottish kingdom." To clarify on this - Strathclyde was NOT a Scottish (in the sense of Pictish) kingdom, but was, rather, a remnant kingdom of the related Britons, much like the Welsh, which, later on in its history, was a puppet kingdom of Scotland (the kingdom of Alba) and absorbed into Scotland. When exactly this took place is not known, but it appears to have been under Scottish influence by the reign of Constantine II of Scotland. (c. 940-943).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=joErUdT-bD0

This video may well have been produced by Lyndon LaRouche who believed that the UK was the root of all evil :-)
I debated his followers at times in the 1990s.

There are so many errors ...
1. Napoleonic Wars were fought by allies in coalitions
2. The Great War [WWI] was fought by the Entente allies against the Central Powers
3. WWII was fought by allies


Germany and Italy became nations in 1871 prior to that they consisted of nation states
1. The summary missed it on France.
a. After the French conquered England after the battle of Hastings in 1066, France and England comingled territories through and after the 100 years war. This is one reason Britany exists in France
2. The Hanover period George 1 through Victoria.
a. Beginning in the early 18th century, the British monarchy was ruled by Germanic Kings from Hanover through 19th century. Then Windsor's through today Queen Elizabeth II is a member of the House of Windsor.
b. The Stuarts ruled prior to the Hanover house. They included some Germanic members.
c. Tudors [included Spanish] Edward Tudor through Mary 1
d. Plantagenets [French] Geoffrey V of Anjou through Richard III [1113-1485]

Background from {[http://projectbritain.com/history.html]}
Thousands of years ago, Great Britain was joined to Europe and was covered with ice. About 15,000 years ago, the weather became warmer. The ice melted and the sea level rose. Great Britain became an island about 8000 years ago.
Celtic people called Britons settles in Britain. They were warriors and farmers who were skilled metal workers. They built villages and hill forts, and used iron weapons and tools. Celts called Gaels lived in Ireland.

British life and culture - England, Scotland and Wales
Prehistoric Britain
The first men and women came to Britain over two and a half million years ago. They were hunters and gatherers of food who used simple stone tools and weapons. Much of Britain was covered in forests`

Year What happened in Britain The World
700,000 BC People migrate to 'Britain' from Europe.
Britain is joined to Europe (no sea in between)
Mammoth, rhino and giant beavers live in 'Britain'
Date of earliest human tools found on Suffolk coast.

130,000 BC Neanderthal Britain
The dominate human species is Neanderthal.

25,000 BC Ice Age
Northern Europe and most of modern Britain is plunged into a deep Ice Age

12,000 BC Beginning of the end of the Ice Age
Re-colonization of Britain by home sapiens.
8,500 BC Warmer climate led to the growth of forests all over Britain.
6,000 BC Britain becomes an Island.
The land bridge joining Britain to Europe flooded as the sea level rose
4,200 BC
Farming people arrive from Europe.

First evidence of farming
Farming quickly spread all across the British Isles. Land is cleared, wheat and barley planted , and herds of domesticated sheep, cattle, and pigs raised.


3,000 BC
New Stone Age begins: farming people arrive from Europe.
First stone circles erected.

2,800 BC First phase of building Stonehenge
2,700 BC Tools and weapons made from copper
2,100 BC
Bronze Age begins

First metal workers
People learn to make bronze weapons and tools.
Introduction of cremation of the dead and burials in round barrows.

Beaker culture - their name is thought to originate from the distinctive beakers that accompanied their burials. They were farmers and archers. They lived in round huts (similar to the Celts) with a low stone wall for a base. The roof was made of thatch, turf, or hides.


2,000 BC Stonehenge completed
1650 BC Trade routes began to form
1200 BC Small Villages were first formed
1136-1327 Pharaoh Tutankhamen rules Egypt
753 Romulus and Remus found Rome.
750 BC
Iron Age began
Iron replaces bronze as most useful metal.

Population about 150,000.


563 Birth of Prince Siddhartha Gautama. He later became Buddha
509 Rome expels kings and becomes a republic.
500 BC The Celtic people arrive from Central Europe.
The Celts were farmers and lived in small village groups in the centre of their arable fields. They were also warlike people. The Celts fought against the people of Britain and other Celtic tribes.


II Roman Britain
The Romans came to Britain 2000 years ago. They changed our country. The Roman Empire made its mark on Britain, and even today, the ruins of Roman buildings, forts, roads, and baths can be found all over Britain.
Britain (not Scotland) was part of the Roman Empire for almost 400 years! The Romans divided England into four areas centered by the following towns London, Cirencester, York and Lincoln.

By the time the Roman armies left around 410 AD, they had established medical practice, a language of administration and law and had created great public buildings and roads.
Britain
55 BC Julius Caesar heads first Roman Invasion but later withdraws
AD
30 30 Jesus Crucified
43
italy flag Romans invade and Britain becomes part of the Roman Empire
50 London Founded
61 Boadicea leads the Iceni in revolt against the Romans
70 Romans conquer welsh flag Wales and the North
76 The Emperor Hadrian is born
80 The Colosseum of Rome completed
122 - 128 Emperor Hadrian builds a wall on the Scottish Border
140 Romans conquer scottish flag Scotland
209 St Alban becomes the 1st Christian martyr
306 Constantine the Great declared Emperor at York
350 The Picts and Scots attack the border
401 - 410 The Romans withdraw from Britain: Anglo Saxons migrants begin to Settle

III Saxon Invasion - 5th Century
The Roman army left Britain about AD 410. When they had gone there was no strong army to defend Britain, and tribes called the Angle, Saxon, and Jute (the Anglo-Saxons) invaded. They left their homelands in northern german flag Germany, danish flag Denmark and northern netherlands flag Holland and rowed across the North Sea in wooden boats.

saxons
The Anglo-Saxons ruled most of Britain but never conquered cornwall flag Cornwall in the south-west, welsh flag Wales in the west, or scottish flag Scotland in the north.
The Anglo-Saxons divided England into several kingdoms.
Missionaries from Roman spread Christianity across southern Britain.

450 First invasions of the Jutes from Jutland, Angles from South of Denmark and Saxons from Germany.
Britain is divided up into the Seven Kingdoms of Northumbria, Mercia, Anglia, Wessex, Essex, Sussex and Kent.
450 Saxons Hengist and Horsa settle in Kent.
460 St Patrick returns to convert Ireland
516 The Battle of Mount Badon: Britons under an unknown leader defeat the Angles and Saxons
597 St Augustine brings Christianity to England from Rome
King Æthelberht of Kent gave him land in Canterbury to build a church. Æthelberht became the first Anglo-Saxon king to turn his back on paganism and become Christian.
600 Æthelberht is now one of the most powerful kings in England
617 Northumbria becomes the Supreme Kingdom
627 Edwin of Northumbria becomes the first Christian king in the north of England
779 Mercia becomes the Supreme Kingdom and King Offa builds a Dyke along the Welsh Border

IV Viking Britain
The Danish flag Viking Age in Britain began about 1,200 years ago in the 8th Century AD and lasted for 300 years.
793 First recorded Viking attack happens in Dorset
793 Vikings attack the monastery of Lindisfarne, Northumbria
795 Vikings attack the island monastery of Iona, Scotland
Iona was attacked in 795 AD, in 802 AD and again in 806 AD
829 Wessex becomes the Supreme Kingdom
Egbert, King of the West Saxons, conquers Mercia and forces the Northumbrians to submit as well. From then on, Wessex retained its dominance in England. Egbert's grandson, Alfred, initiated the creation of the single kingdom of England.
843 Kingdom of Scotland formed
Some sources suggest that around 843 AD the kingdom of the Scots and the Picts was amalgamated, and that from this date historians can speak of a 'kingdom of Scotland'.
851 Athelstan, son of the king of Wessex, defeats a Viking fleet in battle
Egbert, king of Wessex, had made his second son Athelstan king of Kent. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Athelstan fought a sea battle against the Vikings off Sandwich, capturing nine ships and putting the rest to flight.
866 - 77 Invasion of the Great danish flag Danish (Viking) Army.
867 The Vikings kill rival kings of Northumbria and capture York
The city became Yorvik, the Viking capital in England.
869
Edmund, King of the East Angles, is killed by the Vikings
He was beheaded and his head thrown away to prevent proper burial. Much later, his head was finally reunited with the body, and both were buried in the royal residence, which later became known as Bury St Edmunds, a town in East Anglia.
877 Welsh king Rhodri Mawr is defeated by the Vikings and flees to Ireland
878 Wessex is overrun by Vikings and King Alfred goes into hiding in the marshes of Athelney (Somerset). After Easter, he called up his troops and defeated the Viking king Guthrum, who he persuaded to be baptised. He later brought Guthrum to terms and created a settlement that divided England.
886 England is Divided
Alfred, King of Wessex, agrees a treaty with Vikings to divide England
The Saxons retain the west, while the east (between the Thames and Tees rivers) was to be Viking territory - later known as the 'Danelaw' - where English and (Danish) Vikings were equal in law.
889 The Anglo Saxon Chronicle starts
926 Eastern England (Danelaw) is conquered by the Saxons
927 Athelstan, king of Wessex, takes York (Yorvik) from the Vikings, and forces the submission of Constantine of the Scots and of the northern kings.
939 Athelstan, first king of all England, dies
954 Eric Bloodaxe, the last Viking king in England, is forced out of Yorvik (York)
Eric Bloodaxe was invited to take over the kingdom of Yorvik (York) around 946 AD. He was welcomed by Athelstan, king of Wessex, who wanted Eric to protect his kingdom from Scots and Irish invaders.

960 Dunstan becomes archbishop of Canterbury
973 Edgar is crowned king of England at Bath, 14 years after taking power
Edgar ruled England from 959 to 975 AD, but it was not until 973 AD - two years before his death - that he organized a solemn coronation and anointing.

975 Edward, oldest son of Edgar crowned King of England.
He was not popular and was treacherously murdered at Corfe in Dorset three years later.
978 Edward's half-brother Æthelred becomes the new king.
1013 Swein Forkbeard, son of the Danish king Harold Bluetooth, forces Æthelred the Unready into exile
England now under Danish control.
1016 King Canute of Denmark captures the English Crown
1042 August: Edward the Confessor (Edward II) becomes king of England
1055 Westminster Abbey is completed
1055 6 January: Edward the Confessor dies and is succeed by Harold Godwinson
Harold, earl of Wessex, was crowned king of England on 6 January 1066. He was immediately faced with powerful threats from William, duke of Normandy, and Harold Hardrada, king of Norway, both of whom laid claim to the English throne.

V Norman Britain - The Middle Ages
The Middle Ages in Britain cover a huge period. They take us from the shock of the French flag Norman Conquest, which began in 1066, to the devastating Black Death of 1348, the Hundred Years' War with France and the War of the Roses, which finally ended in 1485.
The Normans built impressive castles, imposed a feudal system and carried out a census of the country.

VI Tudor Dynasty 1485 - 1603
Henry VIII The Tudors were a Welsh-English family that ruled England from 1485 to 1603. They came to power as a result of the victory of Henry VII over Yorkist king Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. The Tudor dynasty ended when Henry's grand-daughter Elizabeth I died childless. The Throne passed to their cousins, the Scottish Stuarts, unifying England and Scotland.

1485 22 August: Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth.
1485 Heenry 730 October: Henry Vll crowned at Westminster Abbey
1486 January: Henry VII marries Elizabeth of York, uniting the two houses and ending the Wars of the Roses.
1487 17 June: Henry VII defeats a pretender to his throne at the Battle of Stoke
1497 John Cabot sailed from Bristol aboard the 'Matthew' and discovered North America
1502 2 April: Arthur, Prince of Wales dies, leaving his widow, Catherine of Aragon
With the heir to the throne now dead, the 11-year old Henry, Duke of York, became first in line to the throne.
1503 8 August: James IV of Scotland marries Margaret, daughter of Henry VII of England. Although this meant peace between the two countries, the marriage also gives James IV's descendants a claim to the English throne.
1509 Henry 821 April: Henry VII dies and is succeeded by his younger son Henry VIII
Two months after he became king, he married his brother's Spanish widow, Catherine of Aragon.
1513 9 September: James IV of Scotland is defeated and killed at the Battle of Flodden Field. While Henry VIII's forces were campaigning against the French king Louis XII, James IV of Scotland invaded England.
1515 Thomas Wolsey becomes a cardinal and Lord Chancellor
1518 Thomas Wolsey is made papal legate, making him effectively head of the English church. He was the most powerful man in England after the king.
1521 June: Henry VIII meets Francis I of France at the 'Field of the Cloth of Gold'
The first meeting of Henry VIII and Francis I of France took place just outside the English-held town of Guines near Calais, France. In a fortnight of ceremonies and entertainments, the English and French kings attempted to outshine each other with extravagant clothes and jewels, lavish tents and spectacular feasts, jousts and games.
1521 17 October: The pope grants Henry VIII the title 'Defender of the Faith'
Pope Leo X conferred the title on Henry for his book 'Assertio Septem Sacramentorum' (Defence of the Seven Sacraments), which affirmed the supremacy of the pope.
1528 Henry VIII appeals to the pope to annul his marriage so that he could marry Ann Boleyn instead.
152829 February: First Protestant martyr is burned in Scotland
1530 Thomas Wolsey, unable to arrange the king's divorce from Catherine of Aragon, was stripped of his offices and died on his way to face a charge of treason.
1533 January: Henry VIII commands Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer to declare the marriage to Catherine of Aragon void on the grounds that the union was illegitimate because Catherine was his brother's widow.
1533 25 January: Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn, following divorce from Catherine of Aragon
1533 September: Anne Boleyn gives birth to Elizabeth
1534 November: Act of Supremacy makes Henry head of the English church
Henry VIII formed the 'Church of England separating England from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry himself was never a Protestant, but the break with Rome was a huge encouragement to Protestants in England.
1534 6 July: Former Chancellor Sir Thomas More is executed for treason for refusing to swear to the Act of Succession (which made Ann Boleyn's daughter Elizabeth heir to the throne) because its preface undermined the authority of the pope.
1536 Wales Act of Union joined England and Wales
The Laws in Wales Acts of 1535 and 1542 attempted to regularise the relationship between the two nations, by introducing the English legal system in Wales. English became the official language of administration.
1536 - 1540 Destruction or closure of 560 monasteries and religious houses
1536 Henry VIII's second wife Anne Boleyn is executed
1536 Eleven days after the execution of his second wife, Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour.
1536 4 August Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer receives the first Bible in English
1537 12 October: A male heir, Edward, is born to Henry VIII and Jane Seymour
Henry was shattered by her death shortly after Edward's birth.
1541 Henry VIII changes his title from Lord of Ireland to King of Ireland
1542 Mary, Queen of Scots laid claim to the English throne
1547 Edward 128 January: Henry VIII dies and is succeeded by nine-year-old Edward VI
1553 6 July: Edward VI dies and is succeeded by Lady Jane Grey
Four days after Edward died, Jane was proclaimed queen, but widespread popular support for Mary ensured her reign lasted only a matter of days.
1553 Mary 119 July: Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, becomes queen
Mary was the first woman to be crowned monarch of England in her own right. A devout Catholic, she was determined to halt the growth of Protestantism initiated by her father, and return England to Roman Catholicism.
1554 25 July: Mary marries Philip of Spain despite widespread opposition
1556 21 March: Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer is burnt for heresy
Thomas Cranmer, who had approved the divorce of Henry VIII from Mary's mother, Catherine of Aragon, went to the stake the following March.
1558 7 January: England's last French possession, Calais, is lost
1558 Elizabeth 117 November Mary dies and Elizabeth I accedes to the throne
1559 24 June: Book of Common Prayer becomes the only legal form of worship
1570 Sir Francis Drake set sails for his first voyage to the West Indies
1577 15 November: Sir Francis Drake set sails in his flagship 'Pelican' - soon renamed 'Golden Hind' to circumnavigate the world.
1580 c. 26 September: Francis Drake arrives at Plymouth after circumnavigating the world
1587 8 February: Mary Stuart (Mary I of Scotland) is executed when found guilty of treason to kill Elizabeth
1588 The English defeats the Spanish Armada at the Battle of Gravelines
1591 First performance of a play by William Shakespeare
1600 First British involvement in the Indian continent - East India Company formed.

VII Stuart Britain 1603 - 1714
The Stuart (Stewart) dynasty ruled Scottish flag Scotland (1371 - 1714) and England flag England (1603 - 1714), with an interregnum (1249 - 60). This is the period in British history when a king was executed!
In 1707, England and Scotland officially became one country - Great Britain
James II, tried to make England a catholic country again (the religion of his wife) Parliament did not like this and replaced him with Dutch Prostestant King William III who was married to Mary daughter of James II.
After the last Stewart monarch (Queen Anne) the Hanoverian dynasty (invited by a group of leading Britons) took over thus ensuring a Protestant succession.

1603 James 124 March James VI of scottish flag Scotland crowned James I of England flag England uniting the two kingdoms. James's accession meant that the three separate kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland were now united, for the first time, under a single monarch.
1604 August - James I ends the war with Spain
The long war with Spain had continued intermittently for 20 years. England and Spain were now at peace for the next 50 years.

1604 James styles himself as King of Great Britain
1605 5 November - Gunpowder Plot to assassinate James I is discovered
Guy Fawkes is thwarted when he tried to blow up Parliament.

1606 The Union Flag adopted as the National Flag
1607 First permanent British colony in North America.
Jamestown in Virginia, founded by Captain John Smith
1611 King James Bible is published
1613 14 February - James I's daughter Elizabeth marries Frederick V, Elector Palatine. It was through Elizabeth's descendants that the House of Hanover came to inherit the English throne after the Stuarts.

1616 23 April - William Shakespeare dies
1620 August - The Pilgrim Fathers set sail for New England from Plymouth, aboard the 'Mayflower' to escape religious persecution in England.
1624-1630 War with Spanish flag Spain
1625 Charles 127 March - James I dies and his son Charles I accedes to the throne
1625 14 May - Barbados comes under British control
Captain John Powell landed in Barbados in 1625 and claimed the island as a British Caribbean colony.

1626-1629 War with french flag France
1629 Charles I dissolves parliament and begins 11 years of personal rule
1640
13 April - 'Short Parliament' opens at Westminster
Desperate for money to fight the Scots, Charles I was forced to summon a new parliament. Only open a month before Charles dissolved it.

1640 28 August - Scots defeat the English at Newburn on the River Tyne
1640 3 November -'Long Parliament' opens at Westminster
With the Scottish army firmly established in Northern England and refusing to leave until its expenses had been paid, Charles I was again forced to summon a parliament. Many of the members of parliament voiced angry complaints against his policies.
1641 October - Rebellion breaks out in Ireland
Several thousand English and Scottish Protestant settlers were killed and many more were forced to flee.
1642 4 January - Charles I tries to arrest five leading members of parliament
Fearing that his opponents in parliament were not only determined to seize political control, but also to impeach his Catholic wife, Henrietta Maria, Charles I marched into the House of Commons and attempted to arrest five leading members of parliament. Forewarned, they slipped away and Charles was forced to leave empty-handed.
1642 22 August- Civil War begins as Charles I raises his standard at Nottingham
1642 23 October - Royalist and Parliamentarian armies clash at Edgehill, Warwickshire
1643 25 September - Parliamentarians enter into an alliance with the Scots
1646 5 May - Charles I surrenders to the Scots

1649 30 January - Charles I is executed at Whitehall, London
1649-1650 Cromwell's conquest of Irish flag Ireland
No monarch
England became a Republic for eleven years from 1649 - 1660

1650-1652 Cromwell's conquest of Scottish flag Scotland
1651 1 January 1651 Charles II is crowned king of Scotland
1651 3 September Oliver Cromwell defeats Charles II at the Battle of Worcester

1652 Tea arrived in Britain Union Flag
1653 16 December - Oliver Cromwell makes himself Lord Protector
Cromwell’s self-appointment as 'Lord Protector' gave him powers akin to a monarch. His continuing popularity with the army propped up his regime.
1660 Charles 2Restoration of the Monarchy under King Charles II
1660 1 January - Samuel Pepys starts his diary
1664 - 1665
29 May - The Great Plague of London killed more than 100,000 people died. By the time the epidemic finished in December 1665, a quarter of the capital's inhabitants had perished.
1666 fire
Great Fire of London raged from 2 - 5 September destroying two-thirds of the city
1667 June - Dutch ships attack the English fleet in the River Medway

1677 4 November - Mary Stuart marries William of Orange, Charles I's grandson
Mary Stuart was the elder daughter of Charles II's brother, James, Duke of York (James II). Her marriage in 1677 to the Dutch Protestant Prince William of Orange, himself the grandson of Charles I, strengthened William's claim to the English throne.

1685 James 26 February 1685 Charles II dies and his brother James II accedes to the throne

James II suspends parliament indefinitely
1687-1688 James II attempts to re-catholicize England
1688 10 June - Birth of a Catholic male heir, James Edward Stewart sparks popular outrage. Many of James II's opponents, furious that their Catholic king now had a male heir, denounced the infant as an imposter, and claimed that the baby had been smuggled into the queen's bedroom in a warming-pan.
1688-1689
The Glorious Revolution - the overthrow of King James the II, the crowning of William of Orange and his wife Mary II, and the final recognition of parliament supremacy.
1689 William and Mary13 February William of Orange (William II) and his wife Mary II proclaimed king and queen
1689 16 December English Bill of rights 1689
From now on England's monarchs ruled in partnership with Parliament.
1690 1 July - William III defeats James II at the Battle of the Boyne, Ireland

1692 William III massacres the Jacobites at Glencoe
1694 Bank of England is established to manage mounting debts

1694 December 1694 Mary dies, leaving William III to rule alone
William III's wife Mary died at the age of 32 leaving no children.

1701 English Act of Settlement secures the Postestant Succession placing the House of Hanover in line for the English throne
1702 Anne 8 March - William III dies and his sister-in-law Anne accedes to the throne
William III died two weeks after being thrown from his horse when it tripped over a molehill in Hyde Park, London.
1707 England and Scotland officially became one country - Great Britain
The Scottish parliament was dissolved and England and Scotland became one country - Great Britain
Act of Union between scottish flag Scotland and England flag England - part of the Union flag story

1710 St Paul's Cathderal, London, completed by Sir Christopher Wren
1711 First race meeting held at Ascot
1714 George1 August - Anne dies and George I accedes to the throne
Anne, the last Stuart monarch, died at Kensington Palace in London aged 49. None of her children survived her, so under the terms of the Act of Succession of 1701 she was succeeded by George, Elector of Hanover, who was proclaimed as George I. He was the first of the Hanoverian monarchs.

VIII Georgian Britain (Hanoverian)
By the Act of Succession of 1701, on the death of Queen Anne the throne passed to her nearest Protestant relative. This proved to be George, Elector of Hanover German flag, the great-grandson of James I.
During this period the United Kingdom is created when Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and Ireland are formally joined under the Act of Union in 1801.

1714 George 1
George of Hanover, german flag Germany succeeds Queen Anne to the Throne
1721 - 1742 Sir Robert Walpole becomes the first Prime Minister
1727 George 211 January George I dies and is succeeded by his son George II
1739 19 October Britain declares war on Spain
1740 - 1744 British naval commander George Anson sails around the world
1742 13 April Handel's 'Messiah' gets its first performance, in Dublin
1743 27 June George II becomes the last British monarch to take part in a battle when he commanded the British Army at the Battle of Dettingen
1745 23 July 'Bonnie Prince Charlie' lands in Scotland to claim the British throne
Charles Edward Stuart, or 'Bonnie Prince Charlie', was the grandson of the deposed James II.

1746 16 April 'Bonnie Prince Charlie' is defeated at the Battle of Culloden
1756- 1763 May 1756 The Seven Year War with France begins
1757 First canal in Britain is completed
1759 James Wolfe captures Quebec and adds Canada to the British Empire
Robert Clive brings India under British rule
1760 George 325 October George III succeeds his grandfather George II
1769 James Cook becomes the first European to land on New Zealand
1770 James Cook 'discovers' the south east coast of Australia, landing in Botany Bay.
1771 'Factory Age' begins with the opening of Britain's first cotton mill
1773 16 December Boston Tea Party
1775 18 April American War of Independence begins

1776 America declares independence from Britain on July 4 1776
1778 Parliament passes the Catholic Relief Act, which removes many of the traditional restrictions on Catholics in Britain.
1779 World's first cast iron bridge built in Ironbridge, England
1780's Industrial Revolution begins
1780 2 - 11 June Gordon Riots break out in protest against the Catholic Relief Act
These were amongst the worst riots in English history.

1783 Steam powered cotton mill invented by Sir Richard Arkwright
1787 13 May First fleet of convicts sails to Australia
1788 1 January First edition of 'The Times' of London is published
1789 14 July French Revolution begins with the storming of the Bastille
1793 1 February Britain goes to war with France
War continued until the final defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.

1796 Edward Jenner invents a vaccination against small pox
1800 1 January Act of Union creates the United Kingdom
Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and Ireland were formally joined under the Act of Union to create the United Kingdom in 1801.
1801 The first census. Population of Britain 8 million
Ireland made part of the United Kingdom
1801 10 March Britain holds its first census
1804 Richard Trevithick builds the first steam locomotive
1805 21 October Lord Nelson defeats Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar
1807 25 March Britain abolishes the slave trade
1815 18 June Duke of Wellington defeats Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo
1820 George 429 January George III dies after occupying the throne for 60 years and is succeeded by his son George IV.
1825 27 September World's first steam locomotive passenger service opens between Stockton and Darlington
1829 June 1829 - Robert Peel set up the Metropolitan Police force
1830 William 4
26 June George IV dies and is succeeded by his brother William IV
1831 October - Riots break out over the parliamentary Reform Bill
1832 4 June Great Reform Act changes parliamentary representation
The Great Reform Act made important changes to parliamentary constituencies and extended the franchise (those allowed to vote), but did not introduce parliamentary democracy or a secret ballot.
1833 Factory Act restricts work hours for women and children
Under the terms of the act, mill owners were required to show that children up to age 13 received two hours of schooling, six days per week.
1833 31 July Parliament passes a bill to abolish slavery in the British empire
1834 The Poor Law set up workhouses, where people without homes or jobs could live in return for doing unpaid work.

IX Victorian Britain - 1837 to 1901.
Victoria reigned for more than 60 years, longer than any other British monarch. Her reign was a period of significant social, economic and technological change, which saw the expansion of Britain's industrial power and of the British empire.20 June 1837 - 22 January 1901.
Victoria married her cousin, Prince Albert.
In 1837 most people lived in villages and worked on the land; by 1901, most lived in towns and worked in offices, shops and factories.

1837 Victoria becomes Queen at the age of 18 after the death of her uncle, William IV.
1838 Charles Dickens' 'Oliver Twist' is published
1838 1 August: Slavery is abolished in the British empire
In 1834, slaves in the British empire started a period of 'apprenticeship', during which they were obliged to work without pay for their former owners. When the apprenticeship period ended in 1838, over 700,000 slaves were freed in the British Caribbean. Plantation owners received about £20 million in government compensation for the loss of their slaves. The former slaves received nothing.
1838 17 September: London-Birmingham line opens.
It was the first railway line into London, with passengers disembarking in the newly-designed Euston station.
1840 10 January: The first postage stamps (Penny Post) comes into use
1840 June: Vaccination for the poor is introduced
1842 June: Income tax is introduced for the first time during peacetime
Income tax was levied at a rate of 7d (three pence) in the pound.
1842 Mines Act ends child labour
1845 - 1849
Ireland suffers the Great Potato Famine when entire crops of potatoes, the staple Irish food, are ruined. The famine was a consequence of the appearance of blight, the potato fungus. About 800,000 people died as a result of the famine. A large number of people migrated to Britain, the United States, Canada and Australia.
1850s The first post boxes were built
1851 1 May: The Great Exhibition opens
Census showed just over half of Britain's population (of 20 million) lived in towns
1854- 1856 Crimean War
The Crimean War was fought between the Russians and an alliance of the British, French and Turks who feared Russian expansion in the Balkans.
1854 A cholera epidemic led to demands for a clean water supply and proper sewage systems in the big cities
1856 Union Flag Britain defeats russia flag Russia in the Crimean War
1857 The Indian Mutiny
1858 India came under direct British government control when the remaining authority of the East India Company was dissolved.
1859 Charles Darwin's 'On the Origin of Species' is published

1860 The first public flushing toilet opens
1861 14 December: Victoria's husband, Prince Albert, dies aged 42
Albert's premature death from typhoid plunged Victoria into a long period of mourning and withdrawal from public life.
1862 The first London trams
1863 London Underground opens
The foundation of the Football Association
1866 Alice in Wonderland
1868 Joseph Lister discovers disinfectant
1868
The last public hanging
1869 The first Sainsbury's shop open in Dury Lane, London
1870 Education Act means school for everyone
1871 Queen Victoria opens the Albert Hall
1872 18 July: Voting by secret ballot is introduced
1876 1 May: Victoria is declared empress of India
1876 Alexander Bell invented the telephone
Primary education was made compulsory
1877 The first public electric lighting in London
1880 2 August: Education becomes compulsory for children under ten
1881 17 January: Sir William Armstrong's home at Cragside in Rothbury (Northumberland) becomes the first to use electric light.
Swan's new electric lamps were powered by water from a local stream through a dynamo-electric generator.
1883 First electric railway
1887 The invention of the gramophone
1891 Free education for every child
1901 Population of Britain 40 million
1901 Edward 722 January: Victoria dies and is succeeded by Edward VII
Victoria died at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight at the age of 81.

X Twentieth Century Britain
Modern Britain
1901 Edward 722 January: Victoria dies and is succeeded by her eldest son Edward VII
1902 Britain defeats Dutch settlers in Boer War in South Africa
1902 The first old age pension
1908 27 April: Olympic Games opens at White City in London
They featured 22 nations, 110 events and more than 2,000 athletes.
1908 27 October: Parliament approves old age pensions
New legislation gave a weekly means-tested pension of a maximum of five shillings to all those aged over 70.
1910 George 56 May: Edward VII dies and is succeeded by George V
1911December 191: National Insurance Act
A contributory scheme of health insurance is introduced for those in employment, which provided payment for medical treatment.
1912 15 April: 'Titanic' sinks with the loss of 1,503 lives

1914 - 1918 First World War
4 August 1914: Britain declares war on Germany in response to the invasion of Belgium
Compulsory military service and food rationing introduced
1918 6 February: Limited numbers of women are given the vote for the first time
The Representation of the People Act enfranchised all men over the age of 21, and propertied women over 30.
1918 - 1919 May 'Spanish flu' epidemic killed more than 200,000 people in Britain and up to 50 million worldwide.
1918 11 November: World War One ends when Germany signs an armistice
that brought the fighting on the Western Front to a halt at 11am on 11 November 1918.
1919 1 December 1919 Lady Astor becomes the first woman to take her seat in parliament
1919 23 December Exclusion of women from many jobs is made illegal
Women could now become magistrates, solicitors and barristers.
1920 Women at Oxford University are allowed to receive degrees
Although women had been able to attend degree level courses, they could not receive degrees until 1920.
1920 Republic of Ireland gains independence
1920 26 January: John Logie Baird gives the first public demonstration of television. It was not until after the World War Two that televisions became widely available.

1927 1 January: British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is created
1928 7 May: All women over the age of 21 get the vote
1928 September: The first 'talkie' (film with dialogue) is shown in Britain
Cinema-going was immensely popular during the 1920s and 1930s and virtually every town, suburb and major housing development had at least one cinema.

1928 30 September: Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin
1936 Edward 820 January: George V dies and is succeeded by Edward VIII
1936 5 October: Jarrow men march 300 miles to London to highlight poverty and mass unemployment (as high as 70%) in the north east of England
1936 10 December: Edward VIII abdicates in order to marry Wallace Simpson
Edward VIII wished to marry American Wallis Simpson. Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin advised him that the British people would not accept her because she was a divorcee. Faced with losing the woman he loved, Edward chose instead to abdicate. On 11 December, he broadcast his decision to the nation. He married Wallace Simpson in France in June 1937. They became the Duke and Duchess of Windsor.
1937 George 612 May 1937 George VI, Edward VIII's younger brother, the Duke of York, is crowned king
1937 29 December: New constitution makes Ireland a republic in all but name
1937 Sir Frank Whittle invents the Jet Engine
1939 - 1945 The Second World War
3 September 1939: Britain declares war on Germany in response to the invasion of Poland
1940 10 May: Winston Churchill becomes prime minister of the coalition government

1940 May: Butler Act creates free secondary education to the age of 15
1945 8 May: Britain celebrates the end of war on Victory in Europe Day

1945 15 August: Victory over Japan Day marks the end of World War Two
1947 15 August: India gains independence from Britain
1948 Post-war immigration from the Commonwealth begins
1948 5 July: Introduction of the National Health Service
1948 29 July: Olympic Games open at Wembley Stadium in London
Fifty nine nations took part, but the defeated powers of Germany and Japan were excluded.
1948 18 April: Republic of Ireland comes into being
1951 3 May Festival of Union Flag Britain is opened by George VI
1952 Elizabeth 26 February: Elizabeth II succeeds her father, George VI
1953 2 June Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
1953 25 April: Watson and Crick publish their discovery of the structure of DNA
1955 22 September: Commercial television starts with the first ITV broadcast

1956 17 October: Britain switches on its first nuclear power station - Calder Hall
1957 6 March: Ghana becomes the first British colony in Africa to gain independence
1958 5 December: The first Motorway, the M6 Preston bypass, opens.
1959 M1 opens from Watford to Birmingham.
1964 The BBC starts broadcasting a second channel, BBC Two
1965 12 July: Comprehensive education system is introduced
1965 8 November: Death penalty is abolished
The death sentence for treason and piracy with violence remained on the statue books until 1998 when they were abolished by the Crime and Disorder Act.
1967 Abortion and homosexuality are legalized
1969 2 March: Concorde, the world's first supersonic airliner, makes its maiden flight
1971 15 February: Decimalised currency replaces 'pounds, shillings and pence'
1973 1 January: Britain joins the European Economic Community
1978 25 July: World's first test-tube baby is born in Oldham
1979 3 May: Margaret Thatcher becomes Britain's first woman prime minister
1982 Channel 4 starts broadcasting giving Britain it's fourth television station
1982 2 April Falklands War
Argentina invades the British territory of the Falkland Islands
1984 12 March: 12-month 'Miners' Strike' over pit closures begins
1984 Tim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web
1991 Gulf War
1991 Sir Tim Berners Lee invents the World Wide Web
1992 6 May: Channel Tunnel opens, linking London and Paris by rail

1994 Channel Tunnel links Britain back to the European continent
1994 First women priests are ordained by the Church of England
1994 1 July: Britain hands Hong Kong back to China, after more than 150 years of British rule
1997 31 August: Diana, Princess of Wales, dies in a car crash in Paris
1999 Welsh flag Welsh national assembly and Scottish flag Scottish parliament
2003 The Second Gulf War
2005 December: Civil partnerships give same-sex couples legal rights

FYI PO1 William "Chip" Nagel LTC (Join to see) COL Mikel J. Burroughs Maj Bill Smith, Ph.D. MAJ Dale E. Wilson, Ph.D. Maj Marty Hogan SMSgt Lawrence McCarter SMSgt David A Asbury MSG Felipe De Leon Brown SSG Stephen Rogerson SSG Franklin Briant SSG Robert Mark Odom SSG Michael Noll SPC Nancy Greene SPC Matthew Lamb PO1 H Gene Lawrence

Thank you for the share from YouTube LTC Greg Henning

Looks like they missed a couple...