Posted on Apr 9, 2016
What was the most significant event on April 9 during the U.S. Civil War?
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Springtime was the time for battle after the wintertime. Rains could slow marches. Yet the longer periods of daylight helped scouts, spies, snipers, and leaders with binoculars to perform their assigned tasks.
1862: News travels slow. The South rejoices in the mistaken belief that Shiloh was a southern victory. As victors of Shiloh the Union buries the dead. All dead soldiers from a Union company are buried together in one grave side-by-side. The dead rebels are placed side by side in long graves.
1864: Battle of Pleasant Hill, Arkansas. A Union tactical victory, but a Confederate strategic victory.
1864 small craft torpedo attack against the frigate U.S.S. Minnesota off Newport News, Virginia yields little damage but causes serious concern over vulnerability of wooden-hulled ships to torpedoes.
Pictures:
1. Map of Appomattox Battlefield;
2. Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia to U.S. Grant;
3. The torpedo boat CSS Squib
4. 1862-April-9 Battle of Shiloh Creek - Pittsburgh Landing burning the dead horses near the Peach Orchard
FYI Maj Bill Smith, Ph.D. Maj William W. 'Bill' PriceSMSgt Lawrence McCarter PO3 Edward Riddle CWO4 Terrence Clark CSM Charles Hayden CWO3 (Join to see) PO3 Phyllis MaynardLTC Trent Klug PO1 John Johnson PO2 Tom Belcher PO1 John Johnson PO2 Marco Monsalve SN Greg WrightMSgt James Parker LTC (Join to see) Maj John Bell SFC Ralph E KelleySPC Maurice EvansSPC James Neidig
1862: News travels slow. The South rejoices in the mistaken belief that Shiloh was a southern victory. As victors of Shiloh the Union buries the dead. All dead soldiers from a Union company are buried together in one grave side-by-side. The dead rebels are placed side by side in long graves.
1864: Battle of Pleasant Hill, Arkansas. A Union tactical victory, but a Confederate strategic victory.
1864 small craft torpedo attack against the frigate U.S.S. Minnesota off Newport News, Virginia yields little damage but causes serious concern over vulnerability of wooden-hulled ships to torpedoes.
Pictures:
1. Map of Appomattox Battlefield;
2. Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia to U.S. Grant;
3. The torpedo boat CSS Squib
4. 1862-April-9 Battle of Shiloh Creek - Pittsburgh Landing burning the dead horses near the Peach Orchard
FYI Maj Bill Smith, Ph.D. Maj William W. 'Bill' PriceSMSgt Lawrence McCarter PO3 Edward Riddle CWO4 Terrence Clark CSM Charles Hayden CWO3 (Join to see) PO3 Phyllis MaynardLTC Trent Klug PO1 John Johnson PO2 Tom Belcher PO1 John Johnson PO2 Marco Monsalve SN Greg WrightMSgt James Parker LTC (Join to see) Maj John Bell SFC Ralph E KelleySPC Maurice EvansSPC James Neidig
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Civil War Naval/Maritime History
Edited >1 y ago
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The victors tended to bury the dead in the Civil War. Care was generally given to properly bury both sides dead. Dead pack animals and horses were burned.
Torpedo boats seem to have originated in the US Civil War. These boats had to close in on the opposing ship as opposed to secretly launching torpedoes from far away.
The war in Virginia ended on this day in 1865. News traveled slowly and fighting continued in other parts of the south in the succeeding weeks.
Pictures:
Surrender at Appomattox;
MG Nathaniel banks;
CSA MG Richard Taylor
Appomattox Court House, VA - A group of Federal soldiers at the Appomattox Court House after the surrender of General Lee's force
Since RallyPoint truncates survey selection text I am posting events that were not included and then the full text of each survey choice below:
A. Wednesday, April 9, 1862: Sergeant Alexander G. Downing, of the 11th Iowa Infantry, records his experience with burying the dead at Shiloh: We are still burying the dead. It rained again today. The ground is so thoroughly soaked that it is difficult to dig the graves deep enough and keep out the water. We bury our dead by companies, all of one company in one grave, and if only one of a company is killed, the body is placed in a grave by itself. The bodies of the rebels’ dead are placed side by side in long graves. The carcasses of horses are removed by burning them.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+9%2C+1862
B. Saturday, April 9, 1864: Battle of Pleasant Hill, Arkansas. A Union tactical victory, but a Confederate strategic victory for CSA Maj. Gen. Richard Taylor, since Major General Nathaniel P. Banks chooses to retreat in the face of victory. At about 5:00 PM, CSA Brig. Gen. Camille J. Polignac moves against the Federal right; CSA Gen. Thomas Churchill and Walker go forward, and strike the Federal line near the center, but the Federal left is hidden from their view due to the heavy woods. The Rebels do not realize they have been flanked by virtue of their own advance until the right end of their line passes the 58th Illinois Regiment, lined up perpendicularly to the Rebel advance. The Illinois men strike at the Rebel flank, and then the rest of Brig. Gen. A.J. Smith’s line surges forward, and drives the Rebels back, as the fighting goes on in the dark. Smith sent a brigade in pursuit, but late at night Banks gives orders for the entire army to withdraw back to Grand Ecore. Smith is incredulous. The Rebels for their part, are demoralized and in full rout.
C. 1864: Confederate torpedo boat Squib, Lieutenant Hunter Davidson, successfully exploded a spar torpedo against large steam frigate U.S.S. Minnesota, Lieutenant Commander John H. Upshur, off Newport News, Virginia. The torpedo exploded against the Minnesota’s hull, but the U.S. ship survives, and the Squib escapes.
Confederate torpedo boat Squib, Lieutenant Hunter Davidson, successfully exploded a spar torpedo against large steam frigate U.S.S. Minnesota, Lieutenant Commander John H. Upshur, off Newport News, Virginia. Squib was described by Acting Master John A. Curtis, second in command of the torpedo boat, as being constructed of wood, "about thirty-five feet long, five feet wide, drew three feet of water, two feet freeboard designed by Hunter Davidson. . . . The boiler and engine were encased with iron; forward of the boiler was the cockpit, where the crew stood and from where we steered her." The attack, described by a Northern naval officer observer as "a deed as daring as it was vicious", took place about two o'clock in the morning. The officer of the deck saw a small boat 150 to 200 yards off, just forward of the port beam. To his hail, the Confederates replied "Roanoke." Acting Ensign James Birtwistle ordered her to stay clear. Davidson answered "aye, aye!" Although Birtwistle could discern no visible means of propulsion, the small Confederate boat continued to close Minnesota rapidly. Minnesota attempted to open fire, but, the distance between the two being so slight, her gun could not be brought to bear. Squib rammed her powder charge of more than 50 pounds into the blockader's port quarter. The log of Minnesota recorded: ". . . a tremendous explosion followed.'' Curtis wrote that he closed his eyes at the moment of impact, "opening them in about a second, I think, I never beheld such a sight before, nor since. The air was filled with port shutters and water from the explosion, and the heavy ship was rolling to starboard, and the officer of the deck giving orders to save yourselves and cried out 'Torpedo, torpedo!'"
D. Sunday, April 9, 1865: Beleaguered by Federal troops and cut off from desperately needed supplies, the worn-out and weary Army of Northern Virginia moved west after the fall of Petersburg and Richmond. Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant gave chase, drawing an ever-tightening noose around Robert E. Lee's army. On the morning of April 9th, Gen. Lee attempted to break through toward Lynchburg, Va. near the town of Appomattox Courthouse, and initially was successful in attacks against Maj. Gen. Sheridan’s cavalry. However, the arrival of Union Maj. Gen. Griffin’s infantry quickly put a halt to the Rebel advance. With his army nearly surrounded, his men starving, and Grant closing in, Lee knew continued resistance was futile and ultimately self-destructive, and thus he agreed to meet Grant to discuss peace and surrender. Wearing an immaculate dress uniform adorned with a silken sash, a beautifully crafted sword, and attractive black leather boots with golden spurs, Lee met the mud splattered and plainly dressed Grant at the McLean House near Appomattox Courthouse on the afternoon of April 9. After a cordial exchange of pleasantries and reminisces of their service in Mexico, Lee officially surrendered his remaining troops to Grant on generous terms, and thus ended the war in Virginia. at the home of Wilmer McLean in Appomattox Court House, VA.
1. Wednesday, April 9, 1862 --- The Richmond Daily Dispatch [mistakenly] claims the Battle of Shiloh as a Southern victory: “The victory at Shiloh is grand in its consequences. It is full of satisfaction to the Southern mind. It is most grateful and cheering to all of our people. It proves that the South can rise equal to the exigency of its situation, and is the very best sign of the war of our unconquerable determination and spirit. Let Shiloh be our example and our watchword, and the enemy must be hurled back like the wave that drives against the solid rock.
If this victory is gratifying and cheering to us, it must fill the heart of the enemy with mortification and despair. Such a sudden elevation of a feeble rebel army from disaster, flight, and disorder, to a grand victory over their immense, well equipped, and well-disciplined troops, is enough to fill them with despondency and to suggest the hopelessness of their effort to subjugate the South.
The news of this victory will change the face of things in Europe. There our cause had been damaged by disaster here. The press and the politician had begun to change the tone of their speculations. Our friends, even, were less confident in their prognostications. Shiloh proves that the Yankee effort at subjugation is only another labor of Sisyphus; the stone has rolled again to the bottom of the mountain, and the laborer, contemplating the fruitlessness of his exertions, must proceed with what heart he can to renew them.
Meantime, sons of the South! let us continue the glorious work to which we are now fully aroused. Let us not relax one single effort. We should be vigilant and unflagging — with “eye that never winks and wing that never tires.” We should pursue the enemy, and never let him rest until the country is rid of his hateful presence.”
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+9%2C+1862
2. Wednesday, April 9, 1862 --- Judith White McGuire, in Richmond, writes her mourning reaction to the death of Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston at Shiloh: Our victory at Shiloh complete, but General Albert Sydney Johnston was killed. The nation mourns him as one of our most accomplished officers. He fell while commanding in the thickest of the fight. It is an overwhelming loss to the Western army, and to the whole country. Beauregard pursued the enemy, but their General (Grant) having been reinforced very largely, our army had to retreat to Corinth, which they did in good order. This was done by order of General Johnston, should Buell reinforce Grant. They are now at Corinth, awaiting an attack from the combined forces. Van Dorn reinforced Beauregard. We are anxiously awaiting the result.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+9%2C+1862
3. Wednesday, April 9, 1862: April 9, 1862: In Albuquerque, the cautious Col. Canby orders a retreat from Albuquerque, southward, without re-taking Albuquerque for the Union.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+9%2C+1862
4. Saturday, April 9, 1864 --- Charles Wright Wills, a young officer in Thomas’s Army of the Cumberland, writes in his journal about his regiment re-enlisting, and how disciplinarians are voted out of the officer ranks---and of a Rebel woman who lives off of Federal rations: The day of jubilee has come at this post; that is, we have, once more, something fit to eat. This is the first day since we’ve been here that our commissary has furnished us with aught but regular rations. We can wish for nothing now, except “marching orders.” My men are in splendid condition. Every one of them in A1 health and spirits. All the veterans of the division are back, except the three regiments of our brigade. The 55th Illinois has at last concluded to veteran. Two hundred of them will be at home shortly. They held a new election, left Malmsberg and Chandler out in the cold, and I understand, a goodly number of their best officers besides. Men who have not been under good disciplinarians, will almost invariably, if an election is allowed, choose good fellows for officers. That is, men who allow everything to go at loose ends, who have no business whatever with commissions. Captain Milt. Hainey and Captain Augustine, I understand, are to be colonel and lieutenant colonel of the 55th. They are said to be good men and officers, and exceptions to the above, but my experience is such exceptions are rare, and I’d rather time would prove them than man’s words. I believe my company would veteran, almost unanimously, to-day. I am still on court-martial duty, and having a very easy time. We seldom sit over two hours, and never more than four hours a day. . . . I met a woman to-day who prides herself on belonging to one of the first families of Virginia and boasts that her grandsire’s plantation and George Washington’s almost joined, and showed me a negro woman 110 years old, that formerly waited upon George Washington. She claims to be chivalry, par excellence. Her husband is in the Rebel Army. She lives off of the United States Commissary Department, and begs her chewing tobacco of United States soldiers. She’s a Rebel, and talks it with her mouth full of Uncle Sam’s bread and bacon.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+9%2C+1864
5. Saturday, April 9, 1864: Ulysses S. Grant issues campaign orders. He tells George Meade [US], "Wherever Lee goes, you will go there." Similar orders are issued to William Tecumseh Sherman.
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186404
6. Saturday, April 9, 1864: Battle of Prairie D'ane, Arkansas [Other Names: Gum Grove, Moscow]. Campaign: Camden Expedition (1864) April 9-13, 1864
Principal Commanders: Maj. Gen. Fred Steele [US]; Maj. Gen. Sterling Price [CS]. Description: On April 10, Maj. Gen. Fred Steele’s Union forces, combined with Brig. Gen. John M. Thayer’s division, marched south from the Cornelius Farm. They soon encountered a Confederate line of battle at Prairie D’Ane and attacked, driving it back about a mile before being checked. Skirmishing continued throughout the afternoon of April 11, forcing Steele to divert line of march forces away from Shreveport toward Camden. Maj. Gen. Sterling Price’s Confederates returned to Prairie D’Ane on April 13, falling upon Steele’s rearguard under Thayer. After a four-hour battle, Price disengaged, and Steele’s column continued to Camden, occupying the city.
Estimated Casualties: Unknown; Result(s): Union victory
https://www.nps.gov/abpp/battles/ar013.htm
A. Wednesday, April 9, 1862 --- Sergeant Alexander G. Downing, of the 11th Iowa Infantry, records his experience with burying the dead at Shiloh: We are still burying the dead. It rained again today. The ground is so thoroughly soaked that it is difficult to dig the graves deep enough and keep out the water. We bury our dead by companies, all of one company in one grave, and if only one of a company is killed, the body is placed in a grave by itself. The bodies of the rebels’ dead are placed side by side in long graves. The carcasses of horses are removed by burning them.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+9%2C+1862
B. Saturday, April 9, 1864 --- Battle of Pleasant Hill, Louisiana: CSA Maj. Gen. Richard Taylor’s Confederates pursue the retreating Federals south until reaching the village of Pleasant Hill. Taylor has been reinforced by two small divisions under Gen. Thomas Churchill. The division of Mouton (who was killed the previous day) is put under the command of Brig. Gen. Camille J. Polignac. At this point, Major General Nathaniel P. Banks arrives, with A.J. Smith’s divisions, and forms a line. Neither army does much during the day. Finally, at about 5:00 PM, Polignac moves against the Federal right; Churchill and Walker go forward, and strike the Federal line near the center, but the Federal left is hidden from their view due to the heavy woods. The Rebels do not realize they have been flanked by virtue of their own advance until the right end of their line passes the 58th Illinois Regiment, lined up perpendicularly to the Rebel advance. The Illinois men strike at the Rebel flank, and then the rest of Smith’s line surges forward, and drives the Rebels back, as the fighting goes on in the dark. Smith sent a brigade in pursuit, but late at night Banks gives orders for the entire army to withdraw back to Grand Ecore. Smith is incredulous. The Rebels for their part, are demoralized and in full rout. A Union tactical victory, but a Confederate strategic victory, since Banks chooses to retreat in the face of victory. Banks offers reasons for his retreat: the supply train has been sent south at the beginning of the battle, and has gone too far to be brought back soon enough for the Yankees, who are out of food and out of water.
Losses: Killed Wounded Captured/Missing Total
U.S. 150 844 75 1,369
C.S. 1,200 426 1,626
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+9%2C+1864
B+. Saturday, April 9, 1864: Battle of Pleasant Hill, Arkansas. Retreating from the loss at Sabine Crossroads, Nathaniel Banks [US] is slammed by Richard Taylor [CS] early in the afternoon. In spite of initial Confederate success, Banks managed to organize a counterattack that turned the tide in favor of the Yankees.
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186404
C. Saturday, April 9, 1864: Confederate torpedo boat Squib, Lieutenant Hunter Davidson, successfully exploded a spar torpedo against large steam frigate U.S.S. Minnesota, Lieutenant Commander John H. Upshur, off Newport News, Virginia. Squib was described by Acting Master John A. Curtis, second in command of the torpedo boat, as being constructed of wood, "about thirty-five feet long, five feet wide, drew three feet of water, two feet freeboard designed by Hunter Davidson. . . . The boiler and engine were encased with iron; forward of the boiler was the cockpit, where the crew stood and from where we steered her." The attack, described by a Northern naval officer observer as "a deed as daring as it was vicious", took place about two o'clock in the morning. The officer of the deck saw a small boat 150 to 200 yards off, just forward of the port beam. To his hail, the Confederates replied "Roanoke." Acting Ensign James Birtwistle ordered her to stay clear. Davidson answered "aye, aye!" Although Birtwistle could discern no visible means of propulsion, the small Confederate boat continued to close Minnesota rapidly. Minnesota attempted to open fire, but, the distance between the two being so slight, her gun could not be brought to bear. Squib rammed her powder charge of more than 50 pounds into the blockader's port quarter. The log of Minnesota recorded: ". . . a tremendous explosion followed.'' Curtis wrote that he closed his eyes at the moment of impact, "opening them in about a second, I think, I never beheld such a sight before, nor since. The air was filled with port shutters and water from the explosion, and the heavy ship was rolling to starboard, and the officer of the deck giving orders to save yourselves and cried out 'Torpedo, torpedo!'"
Little damage resulted, though "the shock was quite severe." Nevertheless, as Secretary Mallory later said of the attack: "The cool daring, professional skill, and judgement exhibited by Lieutenant Davidson in this hazardous enterprise merit high commendation and confer honor upon a service of which he is a member." As the blockader reeled under the blow, the fate of the seven Southerners was gravely imperiled, for Squib was sucked under the port quarter. As Minnesota rolled back to port, however, Curtis reported, "the pressure of the water shoved us off." But so close aboard her adversary did she remain that Curtis leaped on the torpedo boat's forward deck and pushed against Minnesota to get the small craft clear. Squib escaped under heavy musket fire. Union tug Poppy did not have steam up and could not pursue the torpedo boat, which with-drew safely up the James River. Davidson, a pioneer in torpedo warfare, was promoted to Commander for his "gallant and meritorious conduct."
The concern caused by the attack on Minnesota, coming as it did shortly after the Confederate submarine H. L. Hunley had sunk U.S.S. Housatonic, was widespread. William Winthrop, United States Consul at Malta, wrote assistant Secretary of State Frederick W. Seward concerning precautions recommended for the future. "In these days of steam and torpedoes, you may rest assured that outlying picket boats and a steam tug at all hours ready to move are not sufficient protection for our ships of war, where a squadron is at anchor. They require something more, and this should be in having their own boats rowing round all night, so that in a measure every ship should protect itself. If this precaution be not taken, any vessel in a dark and foggy night could be blown out of the water, even while a watchful sentry on board might still have his cry of 'All's well' yet on his lips as the fiendish act was accomplished."
http://www.historycentral.com/navy/cwnavalhistory/April1864.html
C. Saturday, April 9, 1864 --- The CSS Squib, a David-style torpedo boat, attempts an attack on the USS Minnesota, just off Newport News, Virginia. It explodes a torpedo against the Minnesota’s hull, but the U.S. ship survives, and the Squib escapes.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+9%2C+1864
D. Beleaguered by Federal troops and cut off from desperately needed supplies, the worn-out and weary Army of Northern Virginia moved west after the fall of Petersburg and Richmond. Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant gave chase, drawing an ever-tightening noose around Robert E. Lee's army. On the morning of April 9th, Gen. Lee attempted to break through toward Lynchburg, Va. near the town of Appomattox Courthouse, and initially was successful in attacks against Maj. Gen. Sheridan’s cavalry. However, the arrival of Union Maj. Gen. Griffin’s infantry quickly put a halt to the Rebel advance. With his army nearly surrounded, his men starving, and Grant closing in, Lee knew continued resistance was futile and ultimately self-destructive, and thus he agreed to meet Grant to discuss peace and surrender. Wearing an immaculate dress uniform adorned with a silken sash, a beautifully crafted sword, and attractive black leather boots with golden spurs, Lee met the mud splattered and plainly dressed Grant at the McLean House near Appomattox Courthouse on the afternoon of April 9. After a cordial exchange of pleasantries and reminisces of their service in Mexico, Lee officially surrendered his remaining troops to Grant on generous terms, and thus ended the war in Virginia.
http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/end-of-war/battle-and-surrender-appomattox.html
D+. Sunday, April 9, 1865: After attempting to break-out of the Union envelopment, Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia to Ulysses S. Grant at the home of Wilmer McLean in Appomattox Court House.
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186504
FYI SGM Major Stroupe COL (Join to see) MSG Roy CheeverSPC (Join to see)1stSgt Eugene HarlessCPT Kevin McComasMSG Andrew White1SG Steven Imerman SSG Michael Noll PO3 Edward Riddle SPC Lyle Montgomery SFC Derrick Harris SFC (Join to see) SFC Randy Purham SSG Pete Fleming SSG Michael Scott SSG Donald H "Don" Bates SGT Mark Anderson SGT Michael Thorin SGT David A. 'Cowboy' Groth
Torpedo boats seem to have originated in the US Civil War. These boats had to close in on the opposing ship as opposed to secretly launching torpedoes from far away.
The war in Virginia ended on this day in 1865. News traveled slowly and fighting continued in other parts of the south in the succeeding weeks.
Pictures:
Surrender at Appomattox;
MG Nathaniel banks;
CSA MG Richard Taylor
Appomattox Court House, VA - A group of Federal soldiers at the Appomattox Court House after the surrender of General Lee's force
Since RallyPoint truncates survey selection text I am posting events that were not included and then the full text of each survey choice below:
A. Wednesday, April 9, 1862: Sergeant Alexander G. Downing, of the 11th Iowa Infantry, records his experience with burying the dead at Shiloh: We are still burying the dead. It rained again today. The ground is so thoroughly soaked that it is difficult to dig the graves deep enough and keep out the water. We bury our dead by companies, all of one company in one grave, and if only one of a company is killed, the body is placed in a grave by itself. The bodies of the rebels’ dead are placed side by side in long graves. The carcasses of horses are removed by burning them.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+9%2C+1862
B. Saturday, April 9, 1864: Battle of Pleasant Hill, Arkansas. A Union tactical victory, but a Confederate strategic victory for CSA Maj. Gen. Richard Taylor, since Major General Nathaniel P. Banks chooses to retreat in the face of victory. At about 5:00 PM, CSA Brig. Gen. Camille J. Polignac moves against the Federal right; CSA Gen. Thomas Churchill and Walker go forward, and strike the Federal line near the center, but the Federal left is hidden from their view due to the heavy woods. The Rebels do not realize they have been flanked by virtue of their own advance until the right end of their line passes the 58th Illinois Regiment, lined up perpendicularly to the Rebel advance. The Illinois men strike at the Rebel flank, and then the rest of Brig. Gen. A.J. Smith’s line surges forward, and drives the Rebels back, as the fighting goes on in the dark. Smith sent a brigade in pursuit, but late at night Banks gives orders for the entire army to withdraw back to Grand Ecore. Smith is incredulous. The Rebels for their part, are demoralized and in full rout.
C. 1864: Confederate torpedo boat Squib, Lieutenant Hunter Davidson, successfully exploded a spar torpedo against large steam frigate U.S.S. Minnesota, Lieutenant Commander John H. Upshur, off Newport News, Virginia. The torpedo exploded against the Minnesota’s hull, but the U.S. ship survives, and the Squib escapes.
Confederate torpedo boat Squib, Lieutenant Hunter Davidson, successfully exploded a spar torpedo against large steam frigate U.S.S. Minnesota, Lieutenant Commander John H. Upshur, off Newport News, Virginia. Squib was described by Acting Master John A. Curtis, second in command of the torpedo boat, as being constructed of wood, "about thirty-five feet long, five feet wide, drew three feet of water, two feet freeboard designed by Hunter Davidson. . . . The boiler and engine were encased with iron; forward of the boiler was the cockpit, where the crew stood and from where we steered her." The attack, described by a Northern naval officer observer as "a deed as daring as it was vicious", took place about two o'clock in the morning. The officer of the deck saw a small boat 150 to 200 yards off, just forward of the port beam. To his hail, the Confederates replied "Roanoke." Acting Ensign James Birtwistle ordered her to stay clear. Davidson answered "aye, aye!" Although Birtwistle could discern no visible means of propulsion, the small Confederate boat continued to close Minnesota rapidly. Minnesota attempted to open fire, but, the distance between the two being so slight, her gun could not be brought to bear. Squib rammed her powder charge of more than 50 pounds into the blockader's port quarter. The log of Minnesota recorded: ". . . a tremendous explosion followed.'' Curtis wrote that he closed his eyes at the moment of impact, "opening them in about a second, I think, I never beheld such a sight before, nor since. The air was filled with port shutters and water from the explosion, and the heavy ship was rolling to starboard, and the officer of the deck giving orders to save yourselves and cried out 'Torpedo, torpedo!'"
D. Sunday, April 9, 1865: Beleaguered by Federal troops and cut off from desperately needed supplies, the worn-out and weary Army of Northern Virginia moved west after the fall of Petersburg and Richmond. Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant gave chase, drawing an ever-tightening noose around Robert E. Lee's army. On the morning of April 9th, Gen. Lee attempted to break through toward Lynchburg, Va. near the town of Appomattox Courthouse, and initially was successful in attacks against Maj. Gen. Sheridan’s cavalry. However, the arrival of Union Maj. Gen. Griffin’s infantry quickly put a halt to the Rebel advance. With his army nearly surrounded, his men starving, and Grant closing in, Lee knew continued resistance was futile and ultimately self-destructive, and thus he agreed to meet Grant to discuss peace and surrender. Wearing an immaculate dress uniform adorned with a silken sash, a beautifully crafted sword, and attractive black leather boots with golden spurs, Lee met the mud splattered and plainly dressed Grant at the McLean House near Appomattox Courthouse on the afternoon of April 9. After a cordial exchange of pleasantries and reminisces of their service in Mexico, Lee officially surrendered his remaining troops to Grant on generous terms, and thus ended the war in Virginia. at the home of Wilmer McLean in Appomattox Court House, VA.
1. Wednesday, April 9, 1862 --- The Richmond Daily Dispatch [mistakenly] claims the Battle of Shiloh as a Southern victory: “The victory at Shiloh is grand in its consequences. It is full of satisfaction to the Southern mind. It is most grateful and cheering to all of our people. It proves that the South can rise equal to the exigency of its situation, and is the very best sign of the war of our unconquerable determination and spirit. Let Shiloh be our example and our watchword, and the enemy must be hurled back like the wave that drives against the solid rock.
If this victory is gratifying and cheering to us, it must fill the heart of the enemy with mortification and despair. Such a sudden elevation of a feeble rebel army from disaster, flight, and disorder, to a grand victory over their immense, well equipped, and well-disciplined troops, is enough to fill them with despondency and to suggest the hopelessness of their effort to subjugate the South.
The news of this victory will change the face of things in Europe. There our cause had been damaged by disaster here. The press and the politician had begun to change the tone of their speculations. Our friends, even, were less confident in their prognostications. Shiloh proves that the Yankee effort at subjugation is only another labor of Sisyphus; the stone has rolled again to the bottom of the mountain, and the laborer, contemplating the fruitlessness of his exertions, must proceed with what heart he can to renew them.
Meantime, sons of the South! let us continue the glorious work to which we are now fully aroused. Let us not relax one single effort. We should be vigilant and unflagging — with “eye that never winks and wing that never tires.” We should pursue the enemy, and never let him rest until the country is rid of his hateful presence.”
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+9%2C+1862
2. Wednesday, April 9, 1862 --- Judith White McGuire, in Richmond, writes her mourning reaction to the death of Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston at Shiloh: Our victory at Shiloh complete, but General Albert Sydney Johnston was killed. The nation mourns him as one of our most accomplished officers. He fell while commanding in the thickest of the fight. It is an overwhelming loss to the Western army, and to the whole country. Beauregard pursued the enemy, but their General (Grant) having been reinforced very largely, our army had to retreat to Corinth, which they did in good order. This was done by order of General Johnston, should Buell reinforce Grant. They are now at Corinth, awaiting an attack from the combined forces. Van Dorn reinforced Beauregard. We are anxiously awaiting the result.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+9%2C+1862
3. Wednesday, April 9, 1862: April 9, 1862: In Albuquerque, the cautious Col. Canby orders a retreat from Albuquerque, southward, without re-taking Albuquerque for the Union.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+9%2C+1862
4. Saturday, April 9, 1864 --- Charles Wright Wills, a young officer in Thomas’s Army of the Cumberland, writes in his journal about his regiment re-enlisting, and how disciplinarians are voted out of the officer ranks---and of a Rebel woman who lives off of Federal rations: The day of jubilee has come at this post; that is, we have, once more, something fit to eat. This is the first day since we’ve been here that our commissary has furnished us with aught but regular rations. We can wish for nothing now, except “marching orders.” My men are in splendid condition. Every one of them in A1 health and spirits. All the veterans of the division are back, except the three regiments of our brigade. The 55th Illinois has at last concluded to veteran. Two hundred of them will be at home shortly. They held a new election, left Malmsberg and Chandler out in the cold, and I understand, a goodly number of their best officers besides. Men who have not been under good disciplinarians, will almost invariably, if an election is allowed, choose good fellows for officers. That is, men who allow everything to go at loose ends, who have no business whatever with commissions. Captain Milt. Hainey and Captain Augustine, I understand, are to be colonel and lieutenant colonel of the 55th. They are said to be good men and officers, and exceptions to the above, but my experience is such exceptions are rare, and I’d rather time would prove them than man’s words. I believe my company would veteran, almost unanimously, to-day. I am still on court-martial duty, and having a very easy time. We seldom sit over two hours, and never more than four hours a day. . . . I met a woman to-day who prides herself on belonging to one of the first families of Virginia and boasts that her grandsire’s plantation and George Washington’s almost joined, and showed me a negro woman 110 years old, that formerly waited upon George Washington. She claims to be chivalry, par excellence. Her husband is in the Rebel Army. She lives off of the United States Commissary Department, and begs her chewing tobacco of United States soldiers. She’s a Rebel, and talks it with her mouth full of Uncle Sam’s bread and bacon.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+9%2C+1864
5. Saturday, April 9, 1864: Ulysses S. Grant issues campaign orders. He tells George Meade [US], "Wherever Lee goes, you will go there." Similar orders are issued to William Tecumseh Sherman.
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186404
6. Saturday, April 9, 1864: Battle of Prairie D'ane, Arkansas [Other Names: Gum Grove, Moscow]. Campaign: Camden Expedition (1864) April 9-13, 1864
Principal Commanders: Maj. Gen. Fred Steele [US]; Maj. Gen. Sterling Price [CS]. Description: On April 10, Maj. Gen. Fred Steele’s Union forces, combined with Brig. Gen. John M. Thayer’s division, marched south from the Cornelius Farm. They soon encountered a Confederate line of battle at Prairie D’Ane and attacked, driving it back about a mile before being checked. Skirmishing continued throughout the afternoon of April 11, forcing Steele to divert line of march forces away from Shreveport toward Camden. Maj. Gen. Sterling Price’s Confederates returned to Prairie D’Ane on April 13, falling upon Steele’s rearguard under Thayer. After a four-hour battle, Price disengaged, and Steele’s column continued to Camden, occupying the city.
Estimated Casualties: Unknown; Result(s): Union victory
https://www.nps.gov/abpp/battles/ar013.htm
A. Wednesday, April 9, 1862 --- Sergeant Alexander G. Downing, of the 11th Iowa Infantry, records his experience with burying the dead at Shiloh: We are still burying the dead. It rained again today. The ground is so thoroughly soaked that it is difficult to dig the graves deep enough and keep out the water. We bury our dead by companies, all of one company in one grave, and if only one of a company is killed, the body is placed in a grave by itself. The bodies of the rebels’ dead are placed side by side in long graves. The carcasses of horses are removed by burning them.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+9%2C+1862
B. Saturday, April 9, 1864 --- Battle of Pleasant Hill, Louisiana: CSA Maj. Gen. Richard Taylor’s Confederates pursue the retreating Federals south until reaching the village of Pleasant Hill. Taylor has been reinforced by two small divisions under Gen. Thomas Churchill. The division of Mouton (who was killed the previous day) is put under the command of Brig. Gen. Camille J. Polignac. At this point, Major General Nathaniel P. Banks arrives, with A.J. Smith’s divisions, and forms a line. Neither army does much during the day. Finally, at about 5:00 PM, Polignac moves against the Federal right; Churchill and Walker go forward, and strike the Federal line near the center, but the Federal left is hidden from their view due to the heavy woods. The Rebels do not realize they have been flanked by virtue of their own advance until the right end of their line passes the 58th Illinois Regiment, lined up perpendicularly to the Rebel advance. The Illinois men strike at the Rebel flank, and then the rest of Smith’s line surges forward, and drives the Rebels back, as the fighting goes on in the dark. Smith sent a brigade in pursuit, but late at night Banks gives orders for the entire army to withdraw back to Grand Ecore. Smith is incredulous. The Rebels for their part, are demoralized and in full rout. A Union tactical victory, but a Confederate strategic victory, since Banks chooses to retreat in the face of victory. Banks offers reasons for his retreat: the supply train has been sent south at the beginning of the battle, and has gone too far to be brought back soon enough for the Yankees, who are out of food and out of water.
Losses: Killed Wounded Captured/Missing Total
U.S. 150 844 75 1,369
C.S. 1,200 426 1,626
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+9%2C+1864
B+. Saturday, April 9, 1864: Battle of Pleasant Hill, Arkansas. Retreating from the loss at Sabine Crossroads, Nathaniel Banks [US] is slammed by Richard Taylor [CS] early in the afternoon. In spite of initial Confederate success, Banks managed to organize a counterattack that turned the tide in favor of the Yankees.
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186404
C. Saturday, April 9, 1864: Confederate torpedo boat Squib, Lieutenant Hunter Davidson, successfully exploded a spar torpedo against large steam frigate U.S.S. Minnesota, Lieutenant Commander John H. Upshur, off Newport News, Virginia. Squib was described by Acting Master John A. Curtis, second in command of the torpedo boat, as being constructed of wood, "about thirty-five feet long, five feet wide, drew three feet of water, two feet freeboard designed by Hunter Davidson. . . . The boiler and engine were encased with iron; forward of the boiler was the cockpit, where the crew stood and from where we steered her." The attack, described by a Northern naval officer observer as "a deed as daring as it was vicious", took place about two o'clock in the morning. The officer of the deck saw a small boat 150 to 200 yards off, just forward of the port beam. To his hail, the Confederates replied "Roanoke." Acting Ensign James Birtwistle ordered her to stay clear. Davidson answered "aye, aye!" Although Birtwistle could discern no visible means of propulsion, the small Confederate boat continued to close Minnesota rapidly. Minnesota attempted to open fire, but, the distance between the two being so slight, her gun could not be brought to bear. Squib rammed her powder charge of more than 50 pounds into the blockader's port quarter. The log of Minnesota recorded: ". . . a tremendous explosion followed.'' Curtis wrote that he closed his eyes at the moment of impact, "opening them in about a second, I think, I never beheld such a sight before, nor since. The air was filled with port shutters and water from the explosion, and the heavy ship was rolling to starboard, and the officer of the deck giving orders to save yourselves and cried out 'Torpedo, torpedo!'"
Little damage resulted, though "the shock was quite severe." Nevertheless, as Secretary Mallory later said of the attack: "The cool daring, professional skill, and judgement exhibited by Lieutenant Davidson in this hazardous enterprise merit high commendation and confer honor upon a service of which he is a member." As the blockader reeled under the blow, the fate of the seven Southerners was gravely imperiled, for Squib was sucked under the port quarter. As Minnesota rolled back to port, however, Curtis reported, "the pressure of the water shoved us off." But so close aboard her adversary did she remain that Curtis leaped on the torpedo boat's forward deck and pushed against Minnesota to get the small craft clear. Squib escaped under heavy musket fire. Union tug Poppy did not have steam up and could not pursue the torpedo boat, which with-drew safely up the James River. Davidson, a pioneer in torpedo warfare, was promoted to Commander for his "gallant and meritorious conduct."
The concern caused by the attack on Minnesota, coming as it did shortly after the Confederate submarine H. L. Hunley had sunk U.S.S. Housatonic, was widespread. William Winthrop, United States Consul at Malta, wrote assistant Secretary of State Frederick W. Seward concerning precautions recommended for the future. "In these days of steam and torpedoes, you may rest assured that outlying picket boats and a steam tug at all hours ready to move are not sufficient protection for our ships of war, where a squadron is at anchor. They require something more, and this should be in having their own boats rowing round all night, so that in a measure every ship should protect itself. If this precaution be not taken, any vessel in a dark and foggy night could be blown out of the water, even while a watchful sentry on board might still have his cry of 'All's well' yet on his lips as the fiendish act was accomplished."
http://www.historycentral.com/navy/cwnavalhistory/April1864.html
C. Saturday, April 9, 1864 --- The CSS Squib, a David-style torpedo boat, attempts an attack on the USS Minnesota, just off Newport News, Virginia. It explodes a torpedo against the Minnesota’s hull, but the U.S. ship survives, and the Squib escapes.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=April+9%2C+1864
D. Beleaguered by Federal troops and cut off from desperately needed supplies, the worn-out and weary Army of Northern Virginia moved west after the fall of Petersburg and Richmond. Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant gave chase, drawing an ever-tightening noose around Robert E. Lee's army. On the morning of April 9th, Gen. Lee attempted to break through toward Lynchburg, Va. near the town of Appomattox Courthouse, and initially was successful in attacks against Maj. Gen. Sheridan’s cavalry. However, the arrival of Union Maj. Gen. Griffin’s infantry quickly put a halt to the Rebel advance. With his army nearly surrounded, his men starving, and Grant closing in, Lee knew continued resistance was futile and ultimately self-destructive, and thus he agreed to meet Grant to discuss peace and surrender. Wearing an immaculate dress uniform adorned with a silken sash, a beautifully crafted sword, and attractive black leather boots with golden spurs, Lee met the mud splattered and plainly dressed Grant at the McLean House near Appomattox Courthouse on the afternoon of April 9. After a cordial exchange of pleasantries and reminisces of their service in Mexico, Lee officially surrendered his remaining troops to Grant on generous terms, and thus ended the war in Virginia.
http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/end-of-war/battle-and-surrender-appomattox.html
D+. Sunday, April 9, 1865: After attempting to break-out of the Union envelopment, Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia to Ulysses S. Grant at the home of Wilmer McLean in Appomattox Court House.
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186504
FYI SGM Major Stroupe COL (Join to see) MSG Roy CheeverSPC (Join to see)1stSgt Eugene HarlessCPT Kevin McComasMSG Andrew White1SG Steven Imerman SSG Michael Noll PO3 Edward Riddle SPC Lyle Montgomery SFC Derrick Harris SFC (Join to see) SFC Randy Purham SSG Pete Fleming SSG Michael Scott SSG Donald H "Don" Bates SGT Mark Anderson SGT Michael Thorin SGT David A. 'Cowboy' Groth
The American Civil War 150 Years Ago Today: Search results for April 9, 1862
A no-frills day-by-day account of what was happening 150 years ago, this blog is intended to be a way that we can experience or remember the Civil War with more immediacy, in addition to understanding the flow of time as we live in it.
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1stSgt Eugene Harless
Interesingly enough, the scene depicted in the painting and the portion of the book in Chamberlain's "The Passing of the Armies" probably never happened. Chamberlain and Gordon were excellent officiers, but prone to telling tall tales.
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LTC Stephen F.
1stSgt Eugene Harless - Since MG Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain had distinguished himself as the commander of the 20th Maine Infantry and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism during the Battle of Gettysburg I don't think he would conspire with MG Taylor to fabricate an account of that day's events.
I did a basic search and found support for the event taking place although it was certainly not as orderly as presented in the paint above.
https://historicaldigression.com/2015/04/09/generals-joshua-l-chamberlain-and-john-b-gordon-at-appomattox/
"General Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain (1828-1914) had been a professor of rhetoric and languages at Bowdoin College in Maine before the war. He had distinguished himself as the commander of the 20th Maine Infantry and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism during the Battle of Gettysburg. Eventually, he was promoted to Major General and the command of a brigade. He was wounded six times, the last of which (through the side and left arm) took place just a week before the events of Appomattox.
General John Brown Gordon (1832-1904) practiced law in Georgia before the war. Leading a Confederate brigade during the Battle of Antietam, he held the crucial position of the “Bloody Lane” for nearly the entire battle. During this action he was wounded five times–serious injuries which would require months of recuperation. He eventually rose to the command of the Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia.
The two men would find their lives intersecting during this closing episode of the war in a deeply meaningful and symbolic way. Describing the same events from two different perspectives, their memoirs offer a striking counterpoint to one another. Taken together, they read almost like a dialogue.
With this in mind, I here offer interwoven excerpts from Chamberlain’s and Gordon’s memoirs describing their pivotal moments at Appomattox.
Chamberlain: We had had a brisk week’s work of it since the White Oak Road and Five Forks—rushing and pushing night and day, fighting a little now and then for the sake of that variety which is the spice of life…After twenty-nine miles of this kind of marching, at the blackest hour of night, human nature called a halt. Dropping by the roadside, right and left, wet and dry, down went the men as in a swoon. Officers slid out of saddle, loosened the girth, slipped an arm through a loop of bridle-rein, and sank to sleep. Horses stood with drooping heads just above their masters’ faces. All dreaming—one knows not what, of past or coming, possible or fated.
Gordon: To bring up the rear and adequately protect the retreating army was an impossible task. With characteristic vigor General Grant pressed the pursuit. Soon began the continuous and final battle. Fighting all day, marching all night, with exhaustion and hunger claiming their victims at every mile of the march, with charges of infantry in rear and of cavalry on the flanks, it seemed the war god had turned loose all his furies to revel in havoc. On and on, hour after hour, from hilltop to hilltop, the lines were alternately forming, fighting, and retreating, making one almost continuous shifting battle…. the purpose of the Union commander to check at Appomattox our retrograde movement.
Chamberlain: The darkest hours before the dawn of April 9, 1865…six miles away from Appomattox Station…Scarcely is the first broken dream begun when a cavalryman comes splashing down the road and vigorously dismounts, pulling from his jacket-front a crumpled note. The sentinel standing watch by his commander, worn in body but alert in every sense, touches your shoulder. “Orders, sir, I think.” You rise on elbow, strike a match, and with smarting, streaming eyes read the brief, thrilling note, sent back by Sheridan to us infantry commanders…”I have cut across the enemy at Appomattox Station…If you can possibly push your infantry up here to-night, we will have great results in the morning.” Ah, sleep no more. The startling bugle notes ring…You eat and drink at a swallow; mount, and away to get to the head of the column before you sound the “Forward.” They are there—the men: shivering to their senses as if risen out of the earth, but something in them not of it. Now sounds the “Forward,” for the last time in our long-drawn strife. And they move…
Gordon: My troops were still fighting, furiously fighting in nearly every direction, when the final note from General Lee reached me. It notified me that there was a flag of truce between General Grant and himself, stopping hostilities, and that I could communicate that fact to the commander of the Union forces in my front…I called Colonel Green Peyton of my staff, and directed him to take a flag of truce and bear the message to…the Union infantry in my front…Colonel Peyton soon informed me that we had no flag of truce. I said: “Well, take your handkerchief and tie that on a stick, and go.” He felt in his pockets and said: “General, I have no handkerchief.” “Then tear your shirt, sir, and tie that to a stick.” He looked at his shirt, and then at mine, and said: “General, I have on a flannel shirt, and I see you have. I don’t believe there is a white shirt in the army.” “Get something, sir,” I ordered. “Get something and go!”
Chamberlain: We were advancing, tactically fighting, and I was somewhat uncertain as to how much more of the strenuous should be required or expected…Watching intently, my eye was caught by a…form, close in our own front—a soldierly young figure, a Confederate staff officer undoubtedly. Now I see the white flag earnestly borne, and its possible purport sweeps before my inner vision like a wraith of morning mist. He comes steadily on, the mysterious form in gray, my mood so whimsically sensitive that I could even smile at the material of the flag—wondering where in either army was found a towel, and one so white. But it bore a mighty message—that simple emblem of homely service, wafted hitherward above the dark and crimsoned streams that never can wash themselves away. The messenger draws near, dismounts; with graceful salutation and hardly suppressed emotion delivers his message: “Sir, I am from General Gordon. General Lee desires a cessation of hostilities until he can hear from General Grant as to the proposed surrender…” “Surrender?” It takes a moment to gather one’s speech…
Arrangements were made for a formal surrender ceremony to take place on April 12 during which 28,000 Confederate soldiers formed up and laid down their colors and weapons. General Grant selected General Joshua L. Chamberlain to take charge of this ceremony. He asked for his old brigade, the Third Brigade, First Division, V Corps (which included his old regiment, the 20th Maine) to have the honor of representing the Union Army during this ceremony.
Chamberlain: I was summoned to headquarters, where General Griffin informed me that I was to command the parade on the occasion of the formal surrender of the arms and colors of Lee’s army….Taking the assignment as I would any other, my feeling about it was more for the honor of the Fifth Corps and the Army of the Potomac than for myself.
Gordon: As my command, in worn-out shoes and ragged uniforms, but with proud mien, moved to the designated point to stack their arms and surrender their cherished battle-flags, they challenged the admiration of the brave victors.
Chamberlain: The dusky swarms forge forward into gray columns of march. On they come, with the old swinging route step and swaying battle-flags…The momentous meaning of this occasion impressed me deeply. I resolved to mark it by some token of recognition, which could be no other than a salute of arms…Before us in proud humiliation stood the embodiment of manhood: men whom neither toils and sufferings, nor the fact of death, nor disaster, nor hopelessness could bend from their resolve; standing before us now, thin, worn, and famished, but erect, and with eyes looking level into ours, waking memories that bound us together as no other bond…Instructions had been given and when the head of each division column comes opposite our group, our bugle sounds the signal and instantly our whole line from right to left, regiment by regiment in succession, gives the soldier’s salutation, from the “order arms” to the old “carry”—the marching salute.
Gordon: One of the knightliest soldiers of the Federal army, General Joshua L. Chamberlain of Maine…called his troops into line, and as my men marched in front of them, the veterans in blue gave a soldierly salute to those vanquished heroes—a token of respect from Americans to Americans…
Chamberlain: Gordon at the head of the column, riding with heavy spirit and downcast face, catches the sound of shifting arms, looks up, and, taking the meaning, wheels superbly, making with himself and his horse one uplifted figure, with profound salutation as he drops the point of his sword to the boot toe; then facing to his own command, gives word for his successive brigades to pass us with the same position of the manual—honor answering honor.
Gordon: When the proud and sensitive sons of Dixie came to a full realization of the truth that the Confederacy was overthrown and their leader had been compelled to surrender his once invincible army, they could no longer control their emotions, and tears ran like water…
Chamberlain: On our part not a sound of trumpet more, nor roll of drum; not a cheer, nor word nor whisper…but an awed stillness rather, and breath-holding, as if it were the passing of the dead!…They fix bayonets, stack arms; then, hesitatingly, remove cartridge-boxes and lay them down. Lastly—reluctantly, with agony of expression—they tenderly fold their flags, battle-worn and torn, blood-stained, heart-holding colors, and lay them down…And only the Flag of the Union greets the sky!"
Gentlemen what do you think about this issue. Was the meeting real or fabricated?
COL Mikel J. Burroughs LTC Stephen C. LTC (Join to see) CSM Charles Hayden SFC William Swartz Jr PO1 John Miller PO2 William Allen Crowder SGT Randal Groover SrA Christopher Wright SGT John " Mac " McConnell SP5 Mark Kuzinski SPC Corbin Sayi SSgt (Join to see) SSgt Robert Marx
I did a basic search and found support for the event taking place although it was certainly not as orderly as presented in the paint above.
https://historicaldigression.com/2015/04/09/generals-joshua-l-chamberlain-and-john-b-gordon-at-appomattox/
"General Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain (1828-1914) had been a professor of rhetoric and languages at Bowdoin College in Maine before the war. He had distinguished himself as the commander of the 20th Maine Infantry and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism during the Battle of Gettysburg. Eventually, he was promoted to Major General and the command of a brigade. He was wounded six times, the last of which (through the side and left arm) took place just a week before the events of Appomattox.
General John Brown Gordon (1832-1904) practiced law in Georgia before the war. Leading a Confederate brigade during the Battle of Antietam, he held the crucial position of the “Bloody Lane” for nearly the entire battle. During this action he was wounded five times–serious injuries which would require months of recuperation. He eventually rose to the command of the Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia.
The two men would find their lives intersecting during this closing episode of the war in a deeply meaningful and symbolic way. Describing the same events from two different perspectives, their memoirs offer a striking counterpoint to one another. Taken together, they read almost like a dialogue.
With this in mind, I here offer interwoven excerpts from Chamberlain’s and Gordon’s memoirs describing their pivotal moments at Appomattox.
Chamberlain: We had had a brisk week’s work of it since the White Oak Road and Five Forks—rushing and pushing night and day, fighting a little now and then for the sake of that variety which is the spice of life…After twenty-nine miles of this kind of marching, at the blackest hour of night, human nature called a halt. Dropping by the roadside, right and left, wet and dry, down went the men as in a swoon. Officers slid out of saddle, loosened the girth, slipped an arm through a loop of bridle-rein, and sank to sleep. Horses stood with drooping heads just above their masters’ faces. All dreaming—one knows not what, of past or coming, possible or fated.
Gordon: To bring up the rear and adequately protect the retreating army was an impossible task. With characteristic vigor General Grant pressed the pursuit. Soon began the continuous and final battle. Fighting all day, marching all night, with exhaustion and hunger claiming their victims at every mile of the march, with charges of infantry in rear and of cavalry on the flanks, it seemed the war god had turned loose all his furies to revel in havoc. On and on, hour after hour, from hilltop to hilltop, the lines were alternately forming, fighting, and retreating, making one almost continuous shifting battle…. the purpose of the Union commander to check at Appomattox our retrograde movement.
Chamberlain: The darkest hours before the dawn of April 9, 1865…six miles away from Appomattox Station…Scarcely is the first broken dream begun when a cavalryman comes splashing down the road and vigorously dismounts, pulling from his jacket-front a crumpled note. The sentinel standing watch by his commander, worn in body but alert in every sense, touches your shoulder. “Orders, sir, I think.” You rise on elbow, strike a match, and with smarting, streaming eyes read the brief, thrilling note, sent back by Sheridan to us infantry commanders…”I have cut across the enemy at Appomattox Station…If you can possibly push your infantry up here to-night, we will have great results in the morning.” Ah, sleep no more. The startling bugle notes ring…You eat and drink at a swallow; mount, and away to get to the head of the column before you sound the “Forward.” They are there—the men: shivering to their senses as if risen out of the earth, but something in them not of it. Now sounds the “Forward,” for the last time in our long-drawn strife. And they move…
Gordon: My troops were still fighting, furiously fighting in nearly every direction, when the final note from General Lee reached me. It notified me that there was a flag of truce between General Grant and himself, stopping hostilities, and that I could communicate that fact to the commander of the Union forces in my front…I called Colonel Green Peyton of my staff, and directed him to take a flag of truce and bear the message to…the Union infantry in my front…Colonel Peyton soon informed me that we had no flag of truce. I said: “Well, take your handkerchief and tie that on a stick, and go.” He felt in his pockets and said: “General, I have no handkerchief.” “Then tear your shirt, sir, and tie that to a stick.” He looked at his shirt, and then at mine, and said: “General, I have on a flannel shirt, and I see you have. I don’t believe there is a white shirt in the army.” “Get something, sir,” I ordered. “Get something and go!”
Chamberlain: We were advancing, tactically fighting, and I was somewhat uncertain as to how much more of the strenuous should be required or expected…Watching intently, my eye was caught by a…form, close in our own front—a soldierly young figure, a Confederate staff officer undoubtedly. Now I see the white flag earnestly borne, and its possible purport sweeps before my inner vision like a wraith of morning mist. He comes steadily on, the mysterious form in gray, my mood so whimsically sensitive that I could even smile at the material of the flag—wondering where in either army was found a towel, and one so white. But it bore a mighty message—that simple emblem of homely service, wafted hitherward above the dark and crimsoned streams that never can wash themselves away. The messenger draws near, dismounts; with graceful salutation and hardly suppressed emotion delivers his message: “Sir, I am from General Gordon. General Lee desires a cessation of hostilities until he can hear from General Grant as to the proposed surrender…” “Surrender?” It takes a moment to gather one’s speech…
Arrangements were made for a formal surrender ceremony to take place on April 12 during which 28,000 Confederate soldiers formed up and laid down their colors and weapons. General Grant selected General Joshua L. Chamberlain to take charge of this ceremony. He asked for his old brigade, the Third Brigade, First Division, V Corps (which included his old regiment, the 20th Maine) to have the honor of representing the Union Army during this ceremony.
Chamberlain: I was summoned to headquarters, where General Griffin informed me that I was to command the parade on the occasion of the formal surrender of the arms and colors of Lee’s army….Taking the assignment as I would any other, my feeling about it was more for the honor of the Fifth Corps and the Army of the Potomac than for myself.
Gordon: As my command, in worn-out shoes and ragged uniforms, but with proud mien, moved to the designated point to stack their arms and surrender their cherished battle-flags, they challenged the admiration of the brave victors.
Chamberlain: The dusky swarms forge forward into gray columns of march. On they come, with the old swinging route step and swaying battle-flags…The momentous meaning of this occasion impressed me deeply. I resolved to mark it by some token of recognition, which could be no other than a salute of arms…Before us in proud humiliation stood the embodiment of manhood: men whom neither toils and sufferings, nor the fact of death, nor disaster, nor hopelessness could bend from their resolve; standing before us now, thin, worn, and famished, but erect, and with eyes looking level into ours, waking memories that bound us together as no other bond…Instructions had been given and when the head of each division column comes opposite our group, our bugle sounds the signal and instantly our whole line from right to left, regiment by regiment in succession, gives the soldier’s salutation, from the “order arms” to the old “carry”—the marching salute.
Gordon: One of the knightliest soldiers of the Federal army, General Joshua L. Chamberlain of Maine…called his troops into line, and as my men marched in front of them, the veterans in blue gave a soldierly salute to those vanquished heroes—a token of respect from Americans to Americans…
Chamberlain: Gordon at the head of the column, riding with heavy spirit and downcast face, catches the sound of shifting arms, looks up, and, taking the meaning, wheels superbly, making with himself and his horse one uplifted figure, with profound salutation as he drops the point of his sword to the boot toe; then facing to his own command, gives word for his successive brigades to pass us with the same position of the manual—honor answering honor.
Gordon: When the proud and sensitive sons of Dixie came to a full realization of the truth that the Confederacy was overthrown and their leader had been compelled to surrender his once invincible army, they could no longer control their emotions, and tears ran like water…
Chamberlain: On our part not a sound of trumpet more, nor roll of drum; not a cheer, nor word nor whisper…but an awed stillness rather, and breath-holding, as if it were the passing of the dead!…They fix bayonets, stack arms; then, hesitatingly, remove cartridge-boxes and lay them down. Lastly—reluctantly, with agony of expression—they tenderly fold their flags, battle-worn and torn, blood-stained, heart-holding colors, and lay them down…And only the Flag of the Union greets the sky!"
Gentlemen what do you think about this issue. Was the meeting real or fabricated?
COL Mikel J. Burroughs LTC Stephen C. LTC (Join to see) CSM Charles Hayden SFC William Swartz Jr PO1 John Miller PO2 William Allen Crowder SGT Randal Groover SrA Christopher Wright SGT John " Mac " McConnell SP5 Mark Kuzinski SPC Corbin Sayi SSgt (Join to see) SSgt Robert Marx
Generals Joshua L. Chamberlain and John B. Gordon at Appomattox
On this, the 150th anniversary of the surrender at Appomattox, it seems appropriate to presentthe reminiscences of two officers, one Union, one Confederate, regarding the days leading up to and im…
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PO3 Edward Riddle
Thank You Brother Steve for all the info. Being enlisted Navy, we didn't have to learn this stuff, so I find it interesting
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LTC Stephen F.
Thank you my friend and brother-in-Christ SFC William Farrell for responding and letting us know you enjoyed the background on the submarines.
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LTC Stephen F., after this, I hope not to hijack anymore in your extraordinary War of Northern Aggression series. The articles are really outstanding.
However, that date is significant to me because on April 9, 1970, which was a hundred+ years later, I made my fifth and qualifying jump and was awarded my silver wings on Fryar DZ at Fort Benning, GA!
However, that date is significant to me because on April 9, 1970, which was a hundred+ years later, I made my fifth and qualifying jump and was awarded my silver wings on Fryar DZ at Fort Benning, GA!
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LTC Stephen C.
Thanks, PO3 Edward Riddle! Ironically, today is the 52nd anniversary of my 5th and qualifying jump at Fort Benning, GA!
MSG Roy Cheever SFC William Farrell
MSG Roy Cheever SFC William Farrell
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CWO4 Terrence Clark
LTC Stephen C.
Please allow me, COL, to raise a glass in remembrance of our gallant forebearers who fought for their conscience during the War of Northern Agression.
Please allow me, COL, to raise a glass in remembrance of our gallant forebearers who fought for their conscience during the War of Northern Agression.
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