Posted on May 16, 2016
What was the most significant event on May 15 during the U.S. Civil War?
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Abuse of occupying forces by women of New Orleans. 1862: The continued insults and abuse of Federal officers and troops by the women of New Orleans culminate in a lady dumping the contents of her chamber pot on the head of Admiral Farragut as he walked by. Maj Gen Benjamin Butler issues the infamous "woman order" which states that woman who “by word, gesture, or movement insult or show contempt for any officer or soldier of the United States she shall be regarded and held liable to be treated as a woman of the town plying her avocation” as a prostitute.
The Rock of Gibraltar. 1862: During the Civil War Drewry’s Bluff was known as a “Perfect Gibraltar” along the James River protecting the city of Richmond. In May of 1862, while the defenses at Drewry’s Bluff were still under construction, a Federal fleet that included the famous ironclad U.S.S. Monitor sailed up the James with plans to shell Richmond into submission. On May 15 the fleet was stopped at Richmond’s last line of defense – Drewry’s Bluff. Throughout the weekend ranger-conducted walking tours will tell the story of how Confederate soldiers, sailors and marines repulsed the Federal ships.
Confederate miscalculation plays to Grants Advantage in the 1863 Vicksburg, MS campaign.
Pictures: 1862 Battle of Drewry's Bluff, Virginia; 1862 USS Galena, somewhat battered after the battle of Drewry's Bluff; 1862 U.S. Marines on the Galena firing on Rebel sharpshooters on shore; 1864 New Market the Confederates regrouped and came on again applying more pressure
FYI CWO4 Terrence Clark MAJ Dale E. Wilson, Ph.D. MSG Roy Cheever Maj Bill Smith, Ph.D. SMSgt Lawrence McCarter PO3 Edward Riddle MAJ Roland McDonald SSG Byron Hewett CMDCM John F. "Doc" Bradshaw COL (Join to see) SPC Michael Terrell COL Lisandro Murphy SFC Joe S. Davis Jr., MSM, DSL] MAJ Ken Landgren LTC Trent Klug CWO3 Dennis M. CPT Kevin McComasSPC Tina Jones
The Rock of Gibraltar. 1862: During the Civil War Drewry’s Bluff was known as a “Perfect Gibraltar” along the James River protecting the city of Richmond. In May of 1862, while the defenses at Drewry’s Bluff were still under construction, a Federal fleet that included the famous ironclad U.S.S. Monitor sailed up the James with plans to shell Richmond into submission. On May 15 the fleet was stopped at Richmond’s last line of defense – Drewry’s Bluff. Throughout the weekend ranger-conducted walking tours will tell the story of how Confederate soldiers, sailors and marines repulsed the Federal ships.
Confederate miscalculation plays to Grants Advantage in the 1863 Vicksburg, MS campaign.
Pictures: 1862 Battle of Drewry's Bluff, Virginia; 1862 USS Galena, somewhat battered after the battle of Drewry's Bluff; 1862 U.S. Marines on the Galena firing on Rebel sharpshooters on shore; 1864 New Market the Confederates regrouped and came on again applying more pressure
FYI CWO4 Terrence Clark MAJ Dale E. Wilson, Ph.D. MSG Roy Cheever Maj Bill Smith, Ph.D. SMSgt Lawrence McCarter PO3 Edward Riddle MAJ Roland McDonald SSG Byron Hewett CMDCM John F. "Doc" Bradshaw COL (Join to see) SPC Michael Terrell COL Lisandro Murphy SFC Joe S. Davis Jr., MSM, DSL] MAJ Ken Landgren LTC Trent Klug CWO3 Dennis M. CPT Kevin McComasSPC Tina Jones
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LTC Stephen F. great post, wow this is tricky here. I am going with
1862 Battle of Drewry's Bluff, Virginia, (Naval action) - Confederate Victory. After the scuttling of the CSS Virginia, the heavy guns and naval gunners from that ship are transferred to Fort Darling at Drewry’s Bluff on the James River, a place where the
I know Richmond was a strategic site for the Civil War and it was a hot commodity that North/South wanted desperately.
1862 Battle of Drewry's Bluff, Virginia, (Naval action) - Confederate Victory. After the scuttling of the CSS Virginia, the heavy guns and naval gunners from that ship are transferred to Fort Darling at Drewry’s Bluff on the James River, a place where the
I know Richmond was a strategic site for the Civil War and it was a hot commodity that North/South wanted desperately.
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Thursday, May 15, 1862: The continued insults and abuse of Federal officers and troops by the women of New Orleans culminate in a lady dumping the contents of her chamber pot on the head of Admiral Farragut as he walked by. Maj Gen Benjamin Butler issues the infamous "woman order" General Order, HDQRS, Department of the Gulf, No. 28. New Orleans, May 15, 1862. “As the officers and soldiers of the United States have been subject to repeated insults from the woman (calling themselves ladies) of New Orleans in return for the most scrupulous non-interference and courtesy on our part, it is ordered that hereafter when any female shall by word, gesture, or movement insult or show contempt for any officer or soldier of the United States she shall be regarded and held liable to be treated as a woman of the town plying her avocation.” By command of Major-General Butler.
Friday, May 15, 1863: Lt. Col. Arthur Fremantle of the Royal Army, on an official tour, records another stage in his journey. “Yankee raid seemed to have been made into the interior of Mississippi, more railroad is reported to be destroyed, and great doubts were expressed whether I should be able to get into Vicksburg at all.
However, as I found some other people as determined to proceed as myself, we hired a carriage for $100 to drive to Brookhaven, which is the nearest point on the railroad, and is distant from Natchez 66 miles.
My companions were a fat Government contractor from Texas, the wounded Missourian Mr Douglas, and an ugly woman, wife to a soldier in Vicksburg. . . .
We slept at a farmhouse. All the males were absent at the war, and it is impossible to exaggerate the unfortunate condition of the women left behind in these farmhouses; they have scarcely any clothes, and nothing but the coarsest bacon to eat, and are in miserable uncertainty as to the fate of their relations, whom they can hardly ever communicate with. Their slaves, however, generally remain true to them.
Our hostess, though she was reduced to the greatest distress, was well-mannered, and exceedingly well educated; very far superior to a woman of her station in England.”
Pictures: 1864 New Market, Virginia Map; 1862 Confederate gun emplacement at Drewry's Bluff; 1864 VMI Cadets at New Market; xx
Since RallyPoint truncates survey selection text I am posting events that were not included and then the full text of each survey choice below:
A. Thursday, May 15, 1862 The Battle of Drewry's Bluff, Virginia, (Naval action) Peninsula Campaign - Confederate Victory. After the scuttling of the CSS Virginia, the heavy guns and naval gunners from that ship are transferred to Fort Darling at Drewry’s Bluff on the James River, a place where the river narrows and makes a dog-leg turn. Nearer the waterline, trenches and rifle pits are built to hold sharpshooters. Anchored at the crook in the bend was the CSS Patrick Henry, armed with heavy guns. These defenses have been also bolstered by Brig. Gen. William Mahone and his army brigade, plus a large contingent of C.S. Marines. The fortifications are all commanded by CSN officer Commander Ebenezer Ferrand. On this date, a Federal flotilla under the command of Commander John Rodgers steams up the James River to bombard the shore defenses at a narrow bend topped by Fort Darling and other fortifications on the bluffs, in order to open the way to Richmond. Included in the Federal flotilla were the USS Galena, Monitor, Naugatuck, Aroostook, and Port Royal, the latter three being wooden vessels. The Galena drops anchor in an exposed position and begins pounding the Rebel positions with her guns.
The Monitor attempts to assist, but finds that she cannot elevate her guns high enough to hit the Confederate gun emplacements on the bluff, so she drops downstream and fires from long range. Rodgers soon discovers that the Galena’s armor is not shot-proof from the plunging fire of the Confederate guns. The Patrick Henry sends an 8-inch shot through Galena’s bow, and shots from above pierce the armor and cause many casualties under decks. During the fighting, U.S. Marines on the ships keep up a steady fire on the sharpshooters ashore. However—Galena is hit 44 times, and 18 of those pierce her hull. The badly battered Union Navy drops downstream in defeat.
B. Friday, May 15, 1863: In the Vicksburg, Mississippi campaign, CSA Gen Joe Johnston orders John Pemberton to break out of Grant's tightening noose. Pemberton refuses the order. Friday, May 15, 1863: In the Vicksburg, Mississippi campaign, CSA Gen Joe Johnston orders John Pemberton to break out of Grant's tightening noose. Pemberton refuses the order. After burning military supplies and stores in Jackson (and much of the city), destroying factories, and wrecking the incoming railroads, Gen. Grant puts his troops on the road again. The XIII Corps, under Gen. John McClernand, holds a forward position on the road from Jackson to Vicksburg, and Grant sends Sherman and McPherson that way, towards Vicksburg. The Confederate generals Johnston and Pemberton mull over the idea of cutting Grant’s supply line back to Grand Gulf. They do not realize that Grant no longer has a supply line, and is living on the largess of Mississippi farmers.
C. Sunday, May 15, 1864: Battle of Resaca, Georgia ends. The Battle of Resaca was part of the Atlanta Campaign. That morning, Lt. Gen. John B. Hood instructed his division commander Maj. Gen. Carter Stevenson to position a battery so as to bear on enemy artillery "annoying General Hindman’s line." Stevenson ordered Capt. Maximilian Van Den Corput’s “Cherokee Battery” of four Napoleons to be placed 20 yards in front of his entrenched infantry. Soldiers constructed an earthen lunette for the guns, but before they could connect it to their main line with rifle pits, Federals attacked the center-right of the Confederate line. They were repulsed elsewhere, but two Federal regiments of Brig. Gen. John Ward’s brigade stormed up to the Rebel earthworks. By then Van Den Corput’s infantry supports had run away and his troops "entered the embrasures, striking down and bayoneting the rebel gunners, many of whom defiantly stood by their guns till struck down."The Northerners received heavy fire and withdrew, leaving the battery unmanned. Neither side could sortie forward to reclaim the battery. By 3 p.m. both sides resorted to heavy skirmishing and artillery dueling while the Confederate cannon sat in no-man’s land. “Come on—take those guns!” yelled the Southerners. “Come on and take ‘em yourselves!” came the Northerners’ reply. After dark, Brig. Gen. John Geary ordered troops to sneak forward, quietly dig through the earthwork, and with ropes drag the four guns back into Union lines. The mission was successful. While all this was taking place on Johnston’s right, Sweeny’s Yankee division crossed the Oostanaula below the Confederate left. Realizing he had been flanked, the Confederate commander ordered his troops to withdraw on the night of May 15-16.
D. Sunday, May 15, 1864: CSA Gen John Breckinridge attacked Sigel’s troops at New Market. General Franz Sigel fell back a half mile, reformed his lines, and began to shell the Confederate center. It was at this juncture that Breckinridge reluctantly sent the VMI cadets into battle. The young students were part of an attack that captured two Yankee guns. Nine of the cadets were killed and 48 were wounded, but Sigel suffered a humiliating defeat and began to withdraw from the valley. The courage of the VMI cadets at the Battle of New Market became legendary, and the pressure was temporarily off of the Rebels in the Shenandoah Valley. Breckinridge was able to send part of his force east to reinforce Lee.
Background: in 1864, students from the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in Lexington participate in the Battle of New Market, Virginia, part of the multipronged Union offensive in the spring of 1864 designed to take Virginia out of the war. Central to this campaign was Ulysses S. Grant’s epic struggle with Robert E. Lee around Richmond.
Union General Franz Sigel had been sent to apply pressure on a key agricultural region, the Shenandoah Valley. He marched south out of Winchester in early May to neutralize the valley, which was always a threat to the North. The Shenandoah was not only a breadbasket that supplied Southern armies, it also led to the Potomac north of Washington. The Confederates had used the valley very effectively in 1862, when Stonewall Jackson kept three Federal armies occupied while keeping pressure off of Richmond.
But the Confederates were hard pressed to offer any opposition to Sigel’s 6,500 troops. Lee was struggling against Grant and was badly outnumbered. He instructed John Breckinridge to drive Sigel from the valley but could offer him little in the way of troops to do the job. Breckinridge mustered a force of regular troops and militia units and pulled together 5,300 men. They included 247 cadets from nearby VMI, some of whom were just 15 years old.
1. Wednesday, May 15, 1861: Robert Anderson promoted to Brigadier General.
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186105
2. Wednesday, May 15, 1861: Nathaniel Lyons [US] occupies Jefferson City, capital of Missouri
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186105
3. Thursday, May 15, 1862: During the Civil War Drewry’s Bluff was known as a “Perfect Gibraltar” along the James River protecting the city of Richmond. In May of 1862, while the defenses at Drewry’s Bluff were still under construction, a Federal fleet that included the famous ironclad U.S.S. Monitor sailed up the James with plans to shell Richmond into submission. On May 15 the fleet was stopped at Richmond’s last line of defense – Drewry’s Bluff. Throughout the weekend ranger-conducted walking tours will tell the story of how Confederate soldiers, sailors and marines repulsed the Federal ships.
https://www.nps.gov/rich/learn/news/dbmay2009.htm
4. Thursday, May 15, 1862: Maj Gen Benjamin Butler issues General Order Number 28, directing his troops to treat any woman who insults them as they would a woman "plying her avocation (a prostitute)." It was this order that led to his title, the Beast of New Orleans
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186205
5. Thursday, May 15, 1862: President Abraham Lincoln signs a bill into law creating the United States Bureau of Agriculture. It is later renamed the United States Department of Agriculture.
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186205
6. Thursday, May 15, 1862 —The continued insults and abuse of Federal officers and troops by the women of New Orleans culminate in a lady dumping the contents of her chamber pot on the head of Admiral Farragut as he walked by. In response, Gen. Butler issues the infamous "woman order": GENERAL ORDERS, HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF, No. 28. New Orleans, May 15, 1862.
As the officers and soldiers of the United States have been subject to repeated insults from the woman (calling themselves ladies) of New Orleans in return for the most scrupulous non-interference and courtesy on our part, it is ordered that hereafter when any female shall by word, gesture, or movement insult or show contempt for any officer or soldier of the United States she shall be regarded and held liable to be treated as a woman of the town plying her avocation.
By command of Major-General Butler.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1862
7. Thursday, May 15, 1862 —Kate S. Carney, of Murfreesboro, Tennessee, in her diary gives some brief vignettes of life in Union-occupied Tennessee, including this one: Three Yanks were passing by trying to get some flowers from over the fence, when Ma went out and gave them some & they came in the house, & Pa treated them. Bettie & I were upstairs in the hall, and was much amused at what they had to say, as we could hear their conversation from below. Two of the scamps came again tonight to call on Pa.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1862
8. Thursday, May 15, 1862 —Surgeon Alfred L. Castleman, with the Army of the Potomac on the James Peninsula, writes in his journal about the soldiers’ impatience at the delay’s in McClellans’ campaign: A raw unpleasant day. Hard rain, with east wind. We do not march, and in consequence of the heavy rain we may be compelled to remain here several days. The enemy is in force on the Chickahominy, and the two armies are gathering their hosts within ten or fifteen miles of each other, probably for a final struggle. The crisis approaches, and how the army pants for the time when they are to try conclusions! It was much worn out by the long delay at Camp Griffin. The detention at Warwick Creek was by no means refreshing, and now they naturally feel that every day’s delay is irksome.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1862
9. Thursday, May 15, 1862 —George Templeton Strong, a New York lawyer and a governing member of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, while on a visit to Washington, records in his journal some of his frustrations at the political delays in effecting true medical reform in the Army: After dinner came in [Dr. Samuel] Bellows fresh from a row with the Secretary of War about appointments under the Medical Reform Bill, in which Stanton was petulant and insolent and then emollient and apologetic. Bellows thinks he has some cerebral disease.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1862
10. Thursday, May 15, 1862: Battle of Proctor Creek, Virginia
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186205
11. Thursday, May 15, 1862 —John Beauchamp Jones of the C.S. War Department in Richmond notes the battle in his journal: Our marksmen will keep up an incessant fire into the port-holes of the gun-boats; and if it be at all practicable, we will board them. So hope is by no means extinct. But it is apprehended, if the enemy get within shelling distance of the city, there will be an attack along our lines by McClellan. We must beat him there, as we could never save our guns, stores, etc. retreating across the river. And we will beat him, for we have 80,000 men, and more are coming.
Joyful tidings! the gun-boats have been repulsed! A heavy shot from one of our batteries ranged through the Galena from stem to stern, making frightful slaughter, and disabling the ship; and the whole fleet turned about and steamed down the river! We have not lost a dozen men. We breathe freely; and the government will lose no time in completing the obstructions and strengthening the batteries.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1862
12. Friday, May 15, 1863: A portion of the Tredegar Iron Works and a nearby flour mill burn at Richmond, Virginia
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186305
13. Friday, May 15, 1863: Johnston's evacuation is seen as a mistake because he could, by late on May 14, have had 11,000 troops at his disposal and by the morning of May 15, another 4,000. The fall of the Mississippi state capital was a blow to Confederate morale. Having broken the rail links, Grant temporarily abandoned the city to allow his troops to concentrate on Vicksburg.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_Campaign
14. Friday, May 15, 1863: Johnston retreated with most of his army up the Canton Road, but he ordered Pemberton to leave Edwards Station and attack the Federals at Clinton. Pemberton and his generals felt that Johnston's plan was dangerous and decided instead to attack the Union supply trains moving from Grand Gulf to Raymond.
https://www.nps.gov/abpp/battles/ms009.htm
15. Friday, May 15, 1863—Lt. Col. Arthur Fremantle of the Royal Army, on an official tour, records another stage in his journey: 15th May (Friday).—I nearly slept round the clock after yesterday’s exertions. Mr Douglas and I crossed the father of rivers and landed on the Mississippi bank at 9 A.M.
Natchez is a pretty little town, and ought to contain about 6000 inhabitants. It is built on the top of a high bluff overlooking the Mississippi river, which is about three quarters of a mile broad at this point. .
The scenery about Natchez is extremely pretty, and the ground is hilly, with plenty of fine trees. Mr Nutt’s place reminded me very much of an English gentleman’s country seat, except that the house itself is rather like a pagoda, but it is beautifully furnished. . . . I determined to push on to Vicksburg, as all the late news seemed to show that some great operations must take place there before long.
I had fondly imagined that after reaching Natchez my difficulties would have been over; but I very soon discovered that this was a delusive hope. I found that Natchez was full of the most gloomy rumours. Another Yankee raid seemed to have been made into the interior of Mississippi, more railroad is reported to be destroyed, and great doubts were expressed whether I should be able to get into Vicksburg at all.
However, as I found some other people as determined to proceed as myself, we hired a carriage for $100 to drive to Brookhaven, which is the nearest point on the railroad, and is distant from Natchez 66 miles.
My companions were a fat Government contractor from Texas, the wounded Missourian Mr Douglas, and an ugly woman, wife to a soldier in Vicksburg. . . .
We slept at a farmhouse. All the males were absent at the war, and it is impossible to exaggerate the unfortunate condition of the women left behind in these farmhouses; they have scarcely any clothes, and nothing but the coarsest bacon to eat, and are in miserable uncertainty as to the fate of their relations, whom they can hardly ever communicate with. Their slaves, however, generally remain true to them.
Our hostess, though she was reduced to the greatest distress, was well-mannered, and exceedingly well educated; very far superior to a woman of her station in England.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1863
16. Sunday, May 15, 1864 --- Col. Walter Taylor, Gen. Lee’s own adjutant, writes home to his wife about the fighting at Spotsylvania: . . . After we were established here, the enemy attacked every portion of our lines at different times, and with the one exception mentioned, were invariably hansomely repulsed & severely punished. The 12th was an unfortunate day for us – we recovered most of the ground lost but cd not regain our guns. This hurts our pride – but we are determined to make our next success all the greater to make amends for this disaster. Our men are in good heart & condition – our confidence, certainly mine, unimpaired. Grant is beating his head against a wall. His own people confess a loss of 50,000 thus far. He is moving tonight – we expect a renewal of the battle tomorrow. God has been good & kind, & has miraculously preserved me. Asking a continuance of his blessings & mercy & committing you, my precious one, to His Protective care, I remain yours as ever. Walter
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1864
17. Sunday, May 15, 1864 --- Battle of Spotsylvania, Day 8: Today, the blue-coated troops of Warren’s corps, intended to hit the Rebels on the right flank, are still moving, and therefore not ready, due to the heavy rains and quagmire roads. There is skirmishing mostly at Piney Branch Church, constant combat, but Grant understands that he can do little until the rains let up.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1864
18. Sunday, May 15, 1864 --- Atlanta Campaign—Battle of Resaca, Georgia, Day 3: On this day, Sherman orders Thomas to attack the Rebel right, under John Bell Hood. Schofield, Hooker, and divisions from the Army of the Cumberland strike at the Confederate positions, with some success. But Johnston loses his interest in this fight when he learns that he has been flanked by Sweeney and other Union troops via the new pontoon bridge over the Oostanaula River. The Rebels decamp and head south. The battle is essentially a draw, although Sherman is able to force Johnston to withdraw, and Johnston beat off every attack by the Federals. Draw. Losses: U.S. 4,000; C.S. 2,800
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1864
19. Sunday, May 15, 1864 Battle of New Market, Virginia: CSA Gen John Breckinridge attacked Sigel’s troops at New Market. General Franz Sigel fell back a half mile, reformed his lines, and began to shell the Confederate center. It was at this juncture that Breckinridge reluctantly sent the VMI cadets into battle. The young students were part of an attack that captured two Yankee guns. Nine of the cadets were killed and 48 were wounded, but Sigel suffered a humiliating defeat and began to withdraw from the valley. The courage of the VMI cadets at the Battle of New Market became legendary, and the pressure was temporarily off of the Rebels in the Shenandoah Valley. Breckinridge was able to send part of his force east to reinforce Lee.
Background: in 1864, students from the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in Lexington participate in the Battle of New Market, Virginia, part of the multipronged Union offensive in the spring of 1864 designed to take Virginia out of the war. Central to this campaign was Ulysses S. Grant’s epic struggle with Robert E. Lee around Richmond.
Union General Franz Sigel had been sent to apply pressure on a key agricultural region, the Shenandoah Valley. He marched south out of Winchester in early May to neutralize the valley, which was always a threat to the North. The Shenandoah was not only a breadbasket that supplied Southern armies, it also led to the Potomac north of Washington. The Confederates had used the valley very effectively in 1862, when Stonewall Jackson kept three Federal armies occupied while keeping pressure off of Richmond.
But the Confederates were hard pressed to offer any opposition to Sigel’s 6,500 troops. Lee was struggling against Grant and was badly outnumbered. He instructed John Breckinridge to drive Sigel from the valley but could offer him little in the way of troops to do the job. Breckinridge mustered a force of regular troops and militia units and pulled together 5,300 men. They included 247 cadets from nearby VMI, some of whom were just 15 years old.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/vmi-cadets-fight-in-battle-of-new-market
A Thursday, May 15, 1862 The Battle of Drewry's Bluff, Virginia, (Naval action) Peninsula Campaign - Confederate Victory. After the scuttling of the CSS Virginia, the heavy guns and naval gunners from that ship are transferred to Fort Darling at Drewry’s Bluff on the James River, a place where the river narrows and makes a dog-leg turn. Nearer the waterline, trenches and rifle pits are built to hold sharpshooters. Anchored at the crook in the bend was the CSS Patrick Henry, armed with heavy guns. These defenses have been also bolstered by Brig. Gen. William Mahone and his army brigade, plus a large contingent of C.S. Marines. The fortifications are all commanded by CSN officer Commander Ebenezer Ferrand. On this date, a Federal flotilla under the command of Commander John Rodgers steams up the James River to bombard the shore defenses at a narrow bend topped by Fort Darling and other fortifications on the bluffs, in order to open the way to Richmond. Included in the Federal flotilla were the USS Galena, Monitor, Naugatuck, Aroostook, and Port Royal, the latter three being wooden vessels. The Galena drops anchor in an exposed position and begins pounding the Rebel positions with her guns.
The Monitor attempts to assist, but finds that she cannot elevate her guns high enough to hit the Confederate gun emplacements on the bluff, so she drops downstream and fires from long range. Rodgers soon discovers that the Galena’s armor is not shot-proof from the plunging fire of the Confederate guns. The Patrick Henry sends an 8-inch shot through Galena’s bow, and shots from above pierce the armor and cause many casualties under decks. During the fighting, U.S. Marines on the ships keep up a steady fire on the sharpshooters ashore. However—Galena is hit 44 times, and 18 of those pierce her hull. The badly battered Union Navy drops downstream in defeat.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1862
A+ Thursday, May 15, 1862: The fall of Yorktown and the destruction of the Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia opened the James River to Federal gunboats.
On May 15, 1862, a flotilla of Union vessels, including two ironclads, the USS Monitor and the USS Galena, moved up the James River to test the defenses of Richmond, the Confederate capital. Early in the morning, the ironclad Galena fired on a fort placed on Drewry's Bluff, a 90-foot high bluff named after local landowner Captain Augustus H. Drewry, that commanded a bend in the James River.
The Associated Press reported that Confederate soldiers at the earthen fort returned "searing artillery fire" as infantry on the river banks rained shot and shell on the Union ships, whose advance was also blocked by submerged vessels. According to one account, Confederate rifle balls "pattered upon the decks" of the Monitor "like rain." A post at the National Parks Service adds that when the Confederate guns opened fire, "the whole vicinity shook with the concussion of the big guns." Nearly out of ammunition, Union Commander John Rodgers disengaged after a four-hour battle and ended the advance.
There were very few casualties on both sides, but according to one visitor, the Galena "looked like a slaughterhouse." Even though Confederates had successfully stopped the Union advance, a 10-inch Columbiad cannon recoiled so violently on its first shot that it broke its carriage and was useless for the rest of the battle. "A casemate protecting one of the guns outside the fort collapsed, rendering that piece useless," the National Parks Service notes. The Associated Press added that "secessionist leaders alarmed by the attack on Drewry's Bluff would further strengthen the crucial defensive site, making it a veritable fort."
http://www.examiner.com/article/this-week-the-civil-war-may-13-19-1862-battle-of-drewry-s-bluff
B Friday, May 15, 1863: In the Vicksburg, Mississippi campaign, CSA Gen Joe Johnston orders John Pemberton to break out of Grant's tightening noose. Pemberton refuses the order.
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186305
B+ Friday, May 15, 1863—Mississippi – After burning military supplies and stores in Jackson (and much of the city), destroying factories, and wrecking the incoming railroads, Gen. Grant puts his troops on the road again. The XIII Corps, under Gen. John McClernand, holds a forward position on the road from Jackson to Vicksburg, and Grant sends Sherman and McPherson that way, towards Vicksburg. The Confederate generals Johnston and Pemberton mull over the idea of cutting Grant’s supply line back to Grand Gulf. They do not realize that Grant no longer has a supply line, and is living on the largess of Mississippi farmers.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1863
C Sunday, May 15, 1864: Battle of Resaca, Georgia. That morning, Lt. Gen. John B. Hood instructed his division commander Maj. Gen. Carter Stevenson to position a battery so as to bear on enemy artillery "annoying General Hindman’s line." Stevenson ordered Capt. Maximilian Van Den Corput’s “Cherokee Battery” of four Napoleons to be placed 20 yards in front of his entrenched infantry. Soldiers constructed an earthen lunette for the guns, but before they could connect it to their main line with rifle pits, Federals attacked the center-right of the Confederate line. They were repulsed elsewhere, but two Federal regiments of Brig. Gen. John Ward’s brigade stormed up to the Rebel earthworks. By then Van Den Corput’s infantry supports had run away and his troops "entered the embrasures, striking down and bayoneting the rebel gunners, many of whom defiantly stood by their guns till struck down."The Northerners received heavy fire and withdrew, leaving the battery unmanned. Neither side could sortie forward to reclaim the battery. By 3 p.m. both sides resorted to heavy skirmishing and artillery dueling while the Confederate cannon sat in no-man’s land. “Come on—take those guns!” yelled the Southerners. “Come on and take ‘em yourselves!” came the Northerners’ reply. After dark, Brig. Gen. John Geary ordered troops to sneak forward, quietly dig through the earthwork, and with ropes drag the four guns back into Union lines. The mission was successful. While all this was taking place on Johnston’s right, Sweeny’s Yankee division crossed the Oostanaula below the Confederate left. Realizing he had been flanked, the Confederate commander ordered his troops to withdraw on the night of May 15-16.
http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/resaca.html?tab=facts
C+ Sunday, May 15, 1864: Battle of Resaca, Georgia ends. The Battle of Resaca was part of the Atlanta Campaign.
http://historyindates.com/15-may-1864/
D Sunday, May 15, 1864: Battle of New Market, Virginia: Students from the Virginia Military Institute fight alongside the Confederate Army to force Union General Franz Sigel out of the Shenandoah Valley. The Battle of New Market was a battle fought on May 15, 1864, in Virginia during Valley Campaigns of 1864 in the American Civil War. The Virginia Military Institute is a state-supported military college in Lexington, Virginia, the oldest such institution in the United States. Franz Sigel was a German military officer, revolutionist and immigrant to the United States who was a teacher, newspaperman, politician, and served as a Union major general in the American Civil War.
http://historyindates.com/15-may-1864/
D Sunday, May 15, 1864: Battle of New Market, Virginia. Major General John Breckinridge [CS], using a ragtag force that included VMI cadets attacked Franz Sigel's [US] line near the north fork of the Shenandoah River. Sigel eventually withdrew to Strasburg.
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186405
D+ Sunday, May 15, 1864 --- Battle of New Market, Virginia. Confederate Victory: In the Shenandoah Valley, Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel, back in command, leads a small army of 10,000 men up the Shenandoah Valley, intending to link up with another force making its way over the mountains from West Virginia. Sigel has a division of infantry under Gen. Sullivan and a division of cavalry under Gen. Julius Stahel. Facing him, at first, is only John S. Mosby’s partisan rangers, who are wreaking chaos along the Federal supply line, but also a thin brigade of troopers under John Imboden. Soon, Gen. John C. Breckinridge is sent to cobble together a force of just over 4,000 men---two brigades of infantry under Echols and Wharton, and the small cavalry brigade under John Imboden. Also present are the 247 cadets from the Virginia Military Institute, who also bring two cannons. By the day of the battle, Sigel’s force had shrunk to 6,275, due to detaching units to garrison and guard key points in the Valley as the Federals advanced. Sigel takes up position just north of New Market. Breckinridge decides to attack first, so he marches his men from 8 miles south of New Market northward. The artillery of both sides engages in a duel while Breckinridge places his troops, and finally the Southern line moves forward, around 2:000 PM. As they advanced, the Federal artillery creates havoc in the Confederate center, scattering a couple of regiments temporarily. Breckinridge orders the VMI cadets forward, who advance in disciplined fashion, and ably blend into the line to fill the gap. Lt. Col. Shipp, the commander, goes down with a wound, and so the Cadets are led by Cadet Captain Henry A. Wise as the Rebels continue to advance. Imboden’s cavalry momentarily flanks the Union line, and the unsteadiness of the Union line encourages the Rebels to push on. Renewed artillery action from the Federals brings the Rebel line to a halt. Encouraged in turn, the Federals dash forward in a charge, but meet the Rebels once again, advancing and firing as they come. The Federals lose heart and stability, and flee the field. Even the VMI Cadets charge, through a muddy field, where many of them lose their shoes. They capture part of a Yankee battery, as Sigel’s army retreats in disarray. Confederate Victory.
Losses: Killed Wounded Capt/Missing Total
U.S. 96 520 220 836
C.S. 43 474 3 520
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1864
FYI CSM Charles Hayden SGT Tiffanie G. SGT Mary G.CPL Ronald Keyes Jr SPC Michael Duricko, Ph.D MAJ Roland McDonald SSG Franklin BriantCPO William Glen (W.G.) Powell1stSgt Eugene Harless PO3 (Join to see)MSG Greg KellyMSG Joseph ChristofaroLTC Greg Henning CPT (Join to see) SGT John " Mac " McConnell LTC John Griscom LTC Thomas Tennant MAJ Robert (Bob) Petrarca SFC George Smith SPC Michael Terrell
Friday, May 15, 1863: Lt. Col. Arthur Fremantle of the Royal Army, on an official tour, records another stage in his journey. “Yankee raid seemed to have been made into the interior of Mississippi, more railroad is reported to be destroyed, and great doubts were expressed whether I should be able to get into Vicksburg at all.
However, as I found some other people as determined to proceed as myself, we hired a carriage for $100 to drive to Brookhaven, which is the nearest point on the railroad, and is distant from Natchez 66 miles.
My companions were a fat Government contractor from Texas, the wounded Missourian Mr Douglas, and an ugly woman, wife to a soldier in Vicksburg. . . .
We slept at a farmhouse. All the males were absent at the war, and it is impossible to exaggerate the unfortunate condition of the women left behind in these farmhouses; they have scarcely any clothes, and nothing but the coarsest bacon to eat, and are in miserable uncertainty as to the fate of their relations, whom they can hardly ever communicate with. Their slaves, however, generally remain true to them.
Our hostess, though she was reduced to the greatest distress, was well-mannered, and exceedingly well educated; very far superior to a woman of her station in England.”
Pictures: 1864 New Market, Virginia Map; 1862 Confederate gun emplacement at Drewry's Bluff; 1864 VMI Cadets at New Market; xx
Since RallyPoint truncates survey selection text I am posting events that were not included and then the full text of each survey choice below:
A. Thursday, May 15, 1862 The Battle of Drewry's Bluff, Virginia, (Naval action) Peninsula Campaign - Confederate Victory. After the scuttling of the CSS Virginia, the heavy guns and naval gunners from that ship are transferred to Fort Darling at Drewry’s Bluff on the James River, a place where the river narrows and makes a dog-leg turn. Nearer the waterline, trenches and rifle pits are built to hold sharpshooters. Anchored at the crook in the bend was the CSS Patrick Henry, armed with heavy guns. These defenses have been also bolstered by Brig. Gen. William Mahone and his army brigade, plus a large contingent of C.S. Marines. The fortifications are all commanded by CSN officer Commander Ebenezer Ferrand. On this date, a Federal flotilla under the command of Commander John Rodgers steams up the James River to bombard the shore defenses at a narrow bend topped by Fort Darling and other fortifications on the bluffs, in order to open the way to Richmond. Included in the Federal flotilla were the USS Galena, Monitor, Naugatuck, Aroostook, and Port Royal, the latter three being wooden vessels. The Galena drops anchor in an exposed position and begins pounding the Rebel positions with her guns.
The Monitor attempts to assist, but finds that she cannot elevate her guns high enough to hit the Confederate gun emplacements on the bluff, so she drops downstream and fires from long range. Rodgers soon discovers that the Galena’s armor is not shot-proof from the plunging fire of the Confederate guns. The Patrick Henry sends an 8-inch shot through Galena’s bow, and shots from above pierce the armor and cause many casualties under decks. During the fighting, U.S. Marines on the ships keep up a steady fire on the sharpshooters ashore. However—Galena is hit 44 times, and 18 of those pierce her hull. The badly battered Union Navy drops downstream in defeat.
B. Friday, May 15, 1863: In the Vicksburg, Mississippi campaign, CSA Gen Joe Johnston orders John Pemberton to break out of Grant's tightening noose. Pemberton refuses the order. Friday, May 15, 1863: In the Vicksburg, Mississippi campaign, CSA Gen Joe Johnston orders John Pemberton to break out of Grant's tightening noose. Pemberton refuses the order. After burning military supplies and stores in Jackson (and much of the city), destroying factories, and wrecking the incoming railroads, Gen. Grant puts his troops on the road again. The XIII Corps, under Gen. John McClernand, holds a forward position on the road from Jackson to Vicksburg, and Grant sends Sherman and McPherson that way, towards Vicksburg. The Confederate generals Johnston and Pemberton mull over the idea of cutting Grant’s supply line back to Grand Gulf. They do not realize that Grant no longer has a supply line, and is living on the largess of Mississippi farmers.
C. Sunday, May 15, 1864: Battle of Resaca, Georgia ends. The Battle of Resaca was part of the Atlanta Campaign. That morning, Lt. Gen. John B. Hood instructed his division commander Maj. Gen. Carter Stevenson to position a battery so as to bear on enemy artillery "annoying General Hindman’s line." Stevenson ordered Capt. Maximilian Van Den Corput’s “Cherokee Battery” of four Napoleons to be placed 20 yards in front of his entrenched infantry. Soldiers constructed an earthen lunette for the guns, but before they could connect it to their main line with rifle pits, Federals attacked the center-right of the Confederate line. They were repulsed elsewhere, but two Federal regiments of Brig. Gen. John Ward’s brigade stormed up to the Rebel earthworks. By then Van Den Corput’s infantry supports had run away and his troops "entered the embrasures, striking down and bayoneting the rebel gunners, many of whom defiantly stood by their guns till struck down."The Northerners received heavy fire and withdrew, leaving the battery unmanned. Neither side could sortie forward to reclaim the battery. By 3 p.m. both sides resorted to heavy skirmishing and artillery dueling while the Confederate cannon sat in no-man’s land. “Come on—take those guns!” yelled the Southerners. “Come on and take ‘em yourselves!” came the Northerners’ reply. After dark, Brig. Gen. John Geary ordered troops to sneak forward, quietly dig through the earthwork, and with ropes drag the four guns back into Union lines. The mission was successful. While all this was taking place on Johnston’s right, Sweeny’s Yankee division crossed the Oostanaula below the Confederate left. Realizing he had been flanked, the Confederate commander ordered his troops to withdraw on the night of May 15-16.
D. Sunday, May 15, 1864: CSA Gen John Breckinridge attacked Sigel’s troops at New Market. General Franz Sigel fell back a half mile, reformed his lines, and began to shell the Confederate center. It was at this juncture that Breckinridge reluctantly sent the VMI cadets into battle. The young students were part of an attack that captured two Yankee guns. Nine of the cadets were killed and 48 were wounded, but Sigel suffered a humiliating defeat and began to withdraw from the valley. The courage of the VMI cadets at the Battle of New Market became legendary, and the pressure was temporarily off of the Rebels in the Shenandoah Valley. Breckinridge was able to send part of his force east to reinforce Lee.
Background: in 1864, students from the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in Lexington participate in the Battle of New Market, Virginia, part of the multipronged Union offensive in the spring of 1864 designed to take Virginia out of the war. Central to this campaign was Ulysses S. Grant’s epic struggle with Robert E. Lee around Richmond.
Union General Franz Sigel had been sent to apply pressure on a key agricultural region, the Shenandoah Valley. He marched south out of Winchester in early May to neutralize the valley, which was always a threat to the North. The Shenandoah was not only a breadbasket that supplied Southern armies, it also led to the Potomac north of Washington. The Confederates had used the valley very effectively in 1862, when Stonewall Jackson kept three Federal armies occupied while keeping pressure off of Richmond.
But the Confederates were hard pressed to offer any opposition to Sigel’s 6,500 troops. Lee was struggling against Grant and was badly outnumbered. He instructed John Breckinridge to drive Sigel from the valley but could offer him little in the way of troops to do the job. Breckinridge mustered a force of regular troops and militia units and pulled together 5,300 men. They included 247 cadets from nearby VMI, some of whom were just 15 years old.
1. Wednesday, May 15, 1861: Robert Anderson promoted to Brigadier General.
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186105
2. Wednesday, May 15, 1861: Nathaniel Lyons [US] occupies Jefferson City, capital of Missouri
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186105
3. Thursday, May 15, 1862: During the Civil War Drewry’s Bluff was known as a “Perfect Gibraltar” along the James River protecting the city of Richmond. In May of 1862, while the defenses at Drewry’s Bluff were still under construction, a Federal fleet that included the famous ironclad U.S.S. Monitor sailed up the James with plans to shell Richmond into submission. On May 15 the fleet was stopped at Richmond’s last line of defense – Drewry’s Bluff. Throughout the weekend ranger-conducted walking tours will tell the story of how Confederate soldiers, sailors and marines repulsed the Federal ships.
https://www.nps.gov/rich/learn/news/dbmay2009.htm
4. Thursday, May 15, 1862: Maj Gen Benjamin Butler issues General Order Number 28, directing his troops to treat any woman who insults them as they would a woman "plying her avocation (a prostitute)." It was this order that led to his title, the Beast of New Orleans
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186205
5. Thursday, May 15, 1862: President Abraham Lincoln signs a bill into law creating the United States Bureau of Agriculture. It is later renamed the United States Department of Agriculture.
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186205
6. Thursday, May 15, 1862 —The continued insults and abuse of Federal officers and troops by the women of New Orleans culminate in a lady dumping the contents of her chamber pot on the head of Admiral Farragut as he walked by. In response, Gen. Butler issues the infamous "woman order": GENERAL ORDERS, HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF, No. 28. New Orleans, May 15, 1862.
As the officers and soldiers of the United States have been subject to repeated insults from the woman (calling themselves ladies) of New Orleans in return for the most scrupulous non-interference and courtesy on our part, it is ordered that hereafter when any female shall by word, gesture, or movement insult or show contempt for any officer or soldier of the United States she shall be regarded and held liable to be treated as a woman of the town plying her avocation.
By command of Major-General Butler.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1862
7. Thursday, May 15, 1862 —Kate S. Carney, of Murfreesboro, Tennessee, in her diary gives some brief vignettes of life in Union-occupied Tennessee, including this one: Three Yanks were passing by trying to get some flowers from over the fence, when Ma went out and gave them some & they came in the house, & Pa treated them. Bettie & I were upstairs in the hall, and was much amused at what they had to say, as we could hear their conversation from below. Two of the scamps came again tonight to call on Pa.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1862
8. Thursday, May 15, 1862 —Surgeon Alfred L. Castleman, with the Army of the Potomac on the James Peninsula, writes in his journal about the soldiers’ impatience at the delay’s in McClellans’ campaign: A raw unpleasant day. Hard rain, with east wind. We do not march, and in consequence of the heavy rain we may be compelled to remain here several days. The enemy is in force on the Chickahominy, and the two armies are gathering their hosts within ten or fifteen miles of each other, probably for a final struggle. The crisis approaches, and how the army pants for the time when they are to try conclusions! It was much worn out by the long delay at Camp Griffin. The detention at Warwick Creek was by no means refreshing, and now they naturally feel that every day’s delay is irksome.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1862
9. Thursday, May 15, 1862 —George Templeton Strong, a New York lawyer and a governing member of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, while on a visit to Washington, records in his journal some of his frustrations at the political delays in effecting true medical reform in the Army: After dinner came in [Dr. Samuel] Bellows fresh from a row with the Secretary of War about appointments under the Medical Reform Bill, in which Stanton was petulant and insolent and then emollient and apologetic. Bellows thinks he has some cerebral disease.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1862
10. Thursday, May 15, 1862: Battle of Proctor Creek, Virginia
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186205
11. Thursday, May 15, 1862 —John Beauchamp Jones of the C.S. War Department in Richmond notes the battle in his journal: Our marksmen will keep up an incessant fire into the port-holes of the gun-boats; and if it be at all practicable, we will board them. So hope is by no means extinct. But it is apprehended, if the enemy get within shelling distance of the city, there will be an attack along our lines by McClellan. We must beat him there, as we could never save our guns, stores, etc. retreating across the river. And we will beat him, for we have 80,000 men, and more are coming.
Joyful tidings! the gun-boats have been repulsed! A heavy shot from one of our batteries ranged through the Galena from stem to stern, making frightful slaughter, and disabling the ship; and the whole fleet turned about and steamed down the river! We have not lost a dozen men. We breathe freely; and the government will lose no time in completing the obstructions and strengthening the batteries.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1862
12. Friday, May 15, 1863: A portion of the Tredegar Iron Works and a nearby flour mill burn at Richmond, Virginia
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186305
13. Friday, May 15, 1863: Johnston's evacuation is seen as a mistake because he could, by late on May 14, have had 11,000 troops at his disposal and by the morning of May 15, another 4,000. The fall of the Mississippi state capital was a blow to Confederate morale. Having broken the rail links, Grant temporarily abandoned the city to allow his troops to concentrate on Vicksburg.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicksburg_Campaign
14. Friday, May 15, 1863: Johnston retreated with most of his army up the Canton Road, but he ordered Pemberton to leave Edwards Station and attack the Federals at Clinton. Pemberton and his generals felt that Johnston's plan was dangerous and decided instead to attack the Union supply trains moving from Grand Gulf to Raymond.
https://www.nps.gov/abpp/battles/ms009.htm
15. Friday, May 15, 1863—Lt. Col. Arthur Fremantle of the Royal Army, on an official tour, records another stage in his journey: 15th May (Friday).—I nearly slept round the clock after yesterday’s exertions. Mr Douglas and I crossed the father of rivers and landed on the Mississippi bank at 9 A.M.
Natchez is a pretty little town, and ought to contain about 6000 inhabitants. It is built on the top of a high bluff overlooking the Mississippi river, which is about three quarters of a mile broad at this point. .
The scenery about Natchez is extremely pretty, and the ground is hilly, with plenty of fine trees. Mr Nutt’s place reminded me very much of an English gentleman’s country seat, except that the house itself is rather like a pagoda, but it is beautifully furnished. . . . I determined to push on to Vicksburg, as all the late news seemed to show that some great operations must take place there before long.
I had fondly imagined that after reaching Natchez my difficulties would have been over; but I very soon discovered that this was a delusive hope. I found that Natchez was full of the most gloomy rumours. Another Yankee raid seemed to have been made into the interior of Mississippi, more railroad is reported to be destroyed, and great doubts were expressed whether I should be able to get into Vicksburg at all.
However, as I found some other people as determined to proceed as myself, we hired a carriage for $100 to drive to Brookhaven, which is the nearest point on the railroad, and is distant from Natchez 66 miles.
My companions were a fat Government contractor from Texas, the wounded Missourian Mr Douglas, and an ugly woman, wife to a soldier in Vicksburg. . . .
We slept at a farmhouse. All the males were absent at the war, and it is impossible to exaggerate the unfortunate condition of the women left behind in these farmhouses; they have scarcely any clothes, and nothing but the coarsest bacon to eat, and are in miserable uncertainty as to the fate of their relations, whom they can hardly ever communicate with. Their slaves, however, generally remain true to them.
Our hostess, though she was reduced to the greatest distress, was well-mannered, and exceedingly well educated; very far superior to a woman of her station in England.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1863
16. Sunday, May 15, 1864 --- Col. Walter Taylor, Gen. Lee’s own adjutant, writes home to his wife about the fighting at Spotsylvania: . . . After we were established here, the enemy attacked every portion of our lines at different times, and with the one exception mentioned, were invariably hansomely repulsed & severely punished. The 12th was an unfortunate day for us – we recovered most of the ground lost but cd not regain our guns. This hurts our pride – but we are determined to make our next success all the greater to make amends for this disaster. Our men are in good heart & condition – our confidence, certainly mine, unimpaired. Grant is beating his head against a wall. His own people confess a loss of 50,000 thus far. He is moving tonight – we expect a renewal of the battle tomorrow. God has been good & kind, & has miraculously preserved me. Asking a continuance of his blessings & mercy & committing you, my precious one, to His Protective care, I remain yours as ever. Walter
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1864
17. Sunday, May 15, 1864 --- Battle of Spotsylvania, Day 8: Today, the blue-coated troops of Warren’s corps, intended to hit the Rebels on the right flank, are still moving, and therefore not ready, due to the heavy rains and quagmire roads. There is skirmishing mostly at Piney Branch Church, constant combat, but Grant understands that he can do little until the rains let up.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1864
18. Sunday, May 15, 1864 --- Atlanta Campaign—Battle of Resaca, Georgia, Day 3: On this day, Sherman orders Thomas to attack the Rebel right, under John Bell Hood. Schofield, Hooker, and divisions from the Army of the Cumberland strike at the Confederate positions, with some success. But Johnston loses his interest in this fight when he learns that he has been flanked by Sweeney and other Union troops via the new pontoon bridge over the Oostanaula River. The Rebels decamp and head south. The battle is essentially a draw, although Sherman is able to force Johnston to withdraw, and Johnston beat off every attack by the Federals. Draw. Losses: U.S. 4,000; C.S. 2,800
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1864
19. Sunday, May 15, 1864 Battle of New Market, Virginia: CSA Gen John Breckinridge attacked Sigel’s troops at New Market. General Franz Sigel fell back a half mile, reformed his lines, and began to shell the Confederate center. It was at this juncture that Breckinridge reluctantly sent the VMI cadets into battle. The young students were part of an attack that captured two Yankee guns. Nine of the cadets were killed and 48 were wounded, but Sigel suffered a humiliating defeat and began to withdraw from the valley. The courage of the VMI cadets at the Battle of New Market became legendary, and the pressure was temporarily off of the Rebels in the Shenandoah Valley. Breckinridge was able to send part of his force east to reinforce Lee.
Background: in 1864, students from the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in Lexington participate in the Battle of New Market, Virginia, part of the multipronged Union offensive in the spring of 1864 designed to take Virginia out of the war. Central to this campaign was Ulysses S. Grant’s epic struggle with Robert E. Lee around Richmond.
Union General Franz Sigel had been sent to apply pressure on a key agricultural region, the Shenandoah Valley. He marched south out of Winchester in early May to neutralize the valley, which was always a threat to the North. The Shenandoah was not only a breadbasket that supplied Southern armies, it also led to the Potomac north of Washington. The Confederates had used the valley very effectively in 1862, when Stonewall Jackson kept three Federal armies occupied while keeping pressure off of Richmond.
But the Confederates were hard pressed to offer any opposition to Sigel’s 6,500 troops. Lee was struggling against Grant and was badly outnumbered. He instructed John Breckinridge to drive Sigel from the valley but could offer him little in the way of troops to do the job. Breckinridge mustered a force of regular troops and militia units and pulled together 5,300 men. They included 247 cadets from nearby VMI, some of whom were just 15 years old.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/vmi-cadets-fight-in-battle-of-new-market
A Thursday, May 15, 1862 The Battle of Drewry's Bluff, Virginia, (Naval action) Peninsula Campaign - Confederate Victory. After the scuttling of the CSS Virginia, the heavy guns and naval gunners from that ship are transferred to Fort Darling at Drewry’s Bluff on the James River, a place where the river narrows and makes a dog-leg turn. Nearer the waterline, trenches and rifle pits are built to hold sharpshooters. Anchored at the crook in the bend was the CSS Patrick Henry, armed with heavy guns. These defenses have been also bolstered by Brig. Gen. William Mahone and his army brigade, plus a large contingent of C.S. Marines. The fortifications are all commanded by CSN officer Commander Ebenezer Ferrand. On this date, a Federal flotilla under the command of Commander John Rodgers steams up the James River to bombard the shore defenses at a narrow bend topped by Fort Darling and other fortifications on the bluffs, in order to open the way to Richmond. Included in the Federal flotilla were the USS Galena, Monitor, Naugatuck, Aroostook, and Port Royal, the latter three being wooden vessels. The Galena drops anchor in an exposed position and begins pounding the Rebel positions with her guns.
The Monitor attempts to assist, but finds that she cannot elevate her guns high enough to hit the Confederate gun emplacements on the bluff, so she drops downstream and fires from long range. Rodgers soon discovers that the Galena’s armor is not shot-proof from the plunging fire of the Confederate guns. The Patrick Henry sends an 8-inch shot through Galena’s bow, and shots from above pierce the armor and cause many casualties under decks. During the fighting, U.S. Marines on the ships keep up a steady fire on the sharpshooters ashore. However—Galena is hit 44 times, and 18 of those pierce her hull. The badly battered Union Navy drops downstream in defeat.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1862
A+ Thursday, May 15, 1862: The fall of Yorktown and the destruction of the Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia opened the James River to Federal gunboats.
On May 15, 1862, a flotilla of Union vessels, including two ironclads, the USS Monitor and the USS Galena, moved up the James River to test the defenses of Richmond, the Confederate capital. Early in the morning, the ironclad Galena fired on a fort placed on Drewry's Bluff, a 90-foot high bluff named after local landowner Captain Augustus H. Drewry, that commanded a bend in the James River.
The Associated Press reported that Confederate soldiers at the earthen fort returned "searing artillery fire" as infantry on the river banks rained shot and shell on the Union ships, whose advance was also blocked by submerged vessels. According to one account, Confederate rifle balls "pattered upon the decks" of the Monitor "like rain." A post at the National Parks Service adds that when the Confederate guns opened fire, "the whole vicinity shook with the concussion of the big guns." Nearly out of ammunition, Union Commander John Rodgers disengaged after a four-hour battle and ended the advance.
There were very few casualties on both sides, but according to one visitor, the Galena "looked like a slaughterhouse." Even though Confederates had successfully stopped the Union advance, a 10-inch Columbiad cannon recoiled so violently on its first shot that it broke its carriage and was useless for the rest of the battle. "A casemate protecting one of the guns outside the fort collapsed, rendering that piece useless," the National Parks Service notes. The Associated Press added that "secessionist leaders alarmed by the attack on Drewry's Bluff would further strengthen the crucial defensive site, making it a veritable fort."
http://www.examiner.com/article/this-week-the-civil-war-may-13-19-1862-battle-of-drewry-s-bluff
B Friday, May 15, 1863: In the Vicksburg, Mississippi campaign, CSA Gen Joe Johnston orders John Pemberton to break out of Grant's tightening noose. Pemberton refuses the order.
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186305
B+ Friday, May 15, 1863—Mississippi – After burning military supplies and stores in Jackson (and much of the city), destroying factories, and wrecking the incoming railroads, Gen. Grant puts his troops on the road again. The XIII Corps, under Gen. John McClernand, holds a forward position on the road from Jackson to Vicksburg, and Grant sends Sherman and McPherson that way, towards Vicksburg. The Confederate generals Johnston and Pemberton mull over the idea of cutting Grant’s supply line back to Grand Gulf. They do not realize that Grant no longer has a supply line, and is living on the largess of Mississippi farmers.
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1863
C Sunday, May 15, 1864: Battle of Resaca, Georgia. That morning, Lt. Gen. John B. Hood instructed his division commander Maj. Gen. Carter Stevenson to position a battery so as to bear on enemy artillery "annoying General Hindman’s line." Stevenson ordered Capt. Maximilian Van Den Corput’s “Cherokee Battery” of four Napoleons to be placed 20 yards in front of his entrenched infantry. Soldiers constructed an earthen lunette for the guns, but before they could connect it to their main line with rifle pits, Federals attacked the center-right of the Confederate line. They were repulsed elsewhere, but two Federal regiments of Brig. Gen. John Ward’s brigade stormed up to the Rebel earthworks. By then Van Den Corput’s infantry supports had run away and his troops "entered the embrasures, striking down and bayoneting the rebel gunners, many of whom defiantly stood by their guns till struck down."The Northerners received heavy fire and withdrew, leaving the battery unmanned. Neither side could sortie forward to reclaim the battery. By 3 p.m. both sides resorted to heavy skirmishing and artillery dueling while the Confederate cannon sat in no-man’s land. “Come on—take those guns!” yelled the Southerners. “Come on and take ‘em yourselves!” came the Northerners’ reply. After dark, Brig. Gen. John Geary ordered troops to sneak forward, quietly dig through the earthwork, and with ropes drag the four guns back into Union lines. The mission was successful. While all this was taking place on Johnston’s right, Sweeny’s Yankee division crossed the Oostanaula below the Confederate left. Realizing he had been flanked, the Confederate commander ordered his troops to withdraw on the night of May 15-16.
http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/resaca.html?tab=facts
C+ Sunday, May 15, 1864: Battle of Resaca, Georgia ends. The Battle of Resaca was part of the Atlanta Campaign.
http://historyindates.com/15-may-1864/
D Sunday, May 15, 1864: Battle of New Market, Virginia: Students from the Virginia Military Institute fight alongside the Confederate Army to force Union General Franz Sigel out of the Shenandoah Valley. The Battle of New Market was a battle fought on May 15, 1864, in Virginia during Valley Campaigns of 1864 in the American Civil War. The Virginia Military Institute is a state-supported military college in Lexington, Virginia, the oldest such institution in the United States. Franz Sigel was a German military officer, revolutionist and immigrant to the United States who was a teacher, newspaperman, politician, and served as a Union major general in the American Civil War.
http://historyindates.com/15-may-1864/
D Sunday, May 15, 1864: Battle of New Market, Virginia. Major General John Breckinridge [CS], using a ragtag force that included VMI cadets attacked Franz Sigel's [US] line near the north fork of the Shenandoah River. Sigel eventually withdrew to Strasburg.
http://blueandgraytrail.com/year/186405
D+ Sunday, May 15, 1864 --- Battle of New Market, Virginia. Confederate Victory: In the Shenandoah Valley, Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel, back in command, leads a small army of 10,000 men up the Shenandoah Valley, intending to link up with another force making its way over the mountains from West Virginia. Sigel has a division of infantry under Gen. Sullivan and a division of cavalry under Gen. Julius Stahel. Facing him, at first, is only John S. Mosby’s partisan rangers, who are wreaking chaos along the Federal supply line, but also a thin brigade of troopers under John Imboden. Soon, Gen. John C. Breckinridge is sent to cobble together a force of just over 4,000 men---two brigades of infantry under Echols and Wharton, and the small cavalry brigade under John Imboden. Also present are the 247 cadets from the Virginia Military Institute, who also bring two cannons. By the day of the battle, Sigel’s force had shrunk to 6,275, due to detaching units to garrison and guard key points in the Valley as the Federals advanced. Sigel takes up position just north of New Market. Breckinridge decides to attack first, so he marches his men from 8 miles south of New Market northward. The artillery of both sides engages in a duel while Breckinridge places his troops, and finally the Southern line moves forward, around 2:000 PM. As they advanced, the Federal artillery creates havoc in the Confederate center, scattering a couple of regiments temporarily. Breckinridge orders the VMI cadets forward, who advance in disciplined fashion, and ably blend into the line to fill the gap. Lt. Col. Shipp, the commander, goes down with a wound, and so the Cadets are led by Cadet Captain Henry A. Wise as the Rebels continue to advance. Imboden’s cavalry momentarily flanks the Union line, and the unsteadiness of the Union line encourages the Rebels to push on. Renewed artillery action from the Federals brings the Rebel line to a halt. Encouraged in turn, the Federals dash forward in a charge, but meet the Rebels once again, advancing and firing as they come. The Federals lose heart and stability, and flee the field. Even the VMI Cadets charge, through a muddy field, where many of them lose their shoes. They capture part of a Yankee battery, as Sigel’s army retreats in disarray. Confederate Victory.
Losses: Killed Wounded Capt/Missing Total
U.S. 96 520 220 836
C.S. 43 474 3 520
http://civilwarsesquicentdaily-wolfshield.blogspot.com/search?q=may+15%2C+1864
FYI CSM Charles Hayden SGT Tiffanie G. SGT Mary G.CPL Ronald Keyes Jr SPC Michael Duricko, Ph.D MAJ Roland McDonald SSG Franklin BriantCPO William Glen (W.G.) Powell1stSgt Eugene Harless PO3 (Join to see)MSG Greg KellyMSG Joseph ChristofaroLTC Greg Henning CPT (Join to see) SGT John " Mac " McConnell LTC John Griscom LTC Thomas Tennant MAJ Robert (Bob) Petrarca SFC George Smith SPC Michael Terrell
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1stSgt Eugene Harless
Ah good old Franz Sigel. There was a war-time song often attributed to the German Troops " I goes to fight mit Sigel" sung to the tune of "The Girl I left behind Me".. After one battle where the German Troops (Often refered to as Dutch) were driven back under Sigel. The Native troops said "I fights Mit Sigel but I runs Mit Franz"
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